著者
山下 晋司
出版者
日本文化人類学会
雑誌
民族學研究 (ISSN:24240508)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.44, no.1, pp.1-33, 1979-06-30 (Released:2018-03-27)

The people of the Sa'dan Toraja, the southern branch of the mountain people ("Toraja") in Central Sulawesi of Indoncsia, often say, "We live to die." An anthropologist who studies their society would understand that these words carry crucial implications. The ritual of the dead is their central concern and every effort during life is directed toward death. They accumulate wealth to spend it almost all on the occasion of death. The people who live as members of Toraja society cannot abandon this custom, because the obligation to hold a ritual for the deceased and to participate in the rituals for the relatives or neighbours forms an essential part of their own identity. Even the villagers who have been converted to Christianity or received modern education cannot despise these conventions. If they neglect this "old-fashioned and "irrational" practice they will lose their position in the village community. Thus it may not be an exaggeration to say that their society revolves around "death". This paper aims first to describe the death ritual of the Sa'dan Toraja in detail and, second, to discuss several important problems it contains, based on the data collected during my field research from September 1976 unti January 1978. Although the economy is now founded upon wet rice cultivation in the beautifully terraced fields on the mountain slopes at 800 to 1, 600 meters above sea level, the culture of the Sa'dan Toraja shows striking features of the swidden cultivators in Southeast Asia, that is to say, feasts with the sacrifice of cocks, pigs and water buffaloes, the erection of megaliths, head hunting practices, the use of ship motifs and so on. In particular their death ritual has much in common with the "feast of merit" as it is found among the upland peoples of mainland Southeast Asia. This fact leads me to the assumption that the death ritual of the Sa'dan Toraja is a kind of transformation or developed form of "feast of merit" with pompous stage-setting and elaborate arrangement which is attained by the increase of wealth through the introduction of wet rice cultivation. Therefore, it seems to me more relevant to call their ritual of the dead "death feast", the "feast of merit' on the occasion of death. The death feast is strictly ranked, according to their custom. The rank and scale of the feast, measured by the amount of sacrificed water buffaloes and the main feast, which is counted by the day, depends upon the social rank and wealth of the deceased and his family. In the death feast named dirapa'i, the highest rank, scores of water buffaloes and more than one hundred pigs are consumed for the period of the feast that covers in total one or more years. In the "autocratic" southern villages of the regency of Toraja Land it is the threefold division of social classes the nobles or chief class (puang) , commoners (to makaka) and "slaves" (kaunan) that plays an important role in determining which rank of the feast to hold. Thus, the wealthy noble or the man of the chief class hopes, or is required, to hold a great feast of high rank, because the funeral ceremony gives him the opportunity to reaffirm his socio-political status or rather promote his prestige in his village community. In order to give the full picture of the death feast in the Sa'dan Toraja, the argument of this paper is presented through three main stages of discussion. The theme in each stage is as follows: (1) examination of the ritual categories of the Sa'dan Toraja, (2) a case study on a death feast, and (3) the presentation of some important problems which the death feast contains.
著者
水木 航平 廣津 登志夫
雑誌
研究報告システムソフトウェアとオペレーティング・システム(OS) (ISSN:21888795)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.2019-OS-145, no.14, pp.1-8, 2019-02-21

近年,多くの企業でコンテナ型仮想化によるマイクロサービスアーキテクチャが広く使われるようになってきた.コンテナ型仮想化は起動時間が高速でイメージ管理が容易であるという特徴があり,Linux 向けのコンテナ仮想化技術としては Docker が広く使われている.このようなコンテナ型仮想化の利用場面を考えると,誤編集や誤操作によりサービス基盤となる重要な情報を壊してしまう人為的ミスや,攻撃によりコンテナ内のコンテンツが改竄されるリスクに対処する仕組みが必要になってくる.そこで,本研究では Docker のイメージ管理に使用される OverlayFS を改良して任意のタイミングでスナップショットを保存する機能を実現する.ここでは,状態の保存と観測というそれぞれの目的に適したスナップショットの方法として,ノーマルモードと強制書き出しモードの 2 つの方法を用意した.
著者
安野 直樹 石黒 健太 河野 健二
雑誌
研究報告システムソフトウェアとオペレーティング・システム(OS) (ISSN:21888795)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.2019-OS-145, no.15, pp.1-6, 2019-02-21

仮想化環境では物理 CPU の個数よりも多くの仮想 CPU を利用することが一般的になっている.ゲスト環境は仮想 CPU がプリエンプトされることは想定せずに実装されているため,仮想 CPU のプリエンプトにより仮想時間の不連続性が発生する.スピンロック中などに仮想時間がとぎれると Pause Loop Exit (PLE) というイベントが発生し,仮想マシンモニタに通知が行われる.現状の仮想化環境では PLE が多発することがあることが知られており,本研究では KVM を対象にその要因を定量的に分析する.その結果,1) プロセッサ間割込み (IPI) 処理におけるバリア同期,2) スピンロックの獲得待ち,3) タイムスタンプベースの待機処理.という 3 つのケースで PLE が多発していることを示す.さらに,KVM では PLE の多発を避けるように仮想 CPU スケジューリングを行っているものの,現状では十分に機能していないことを示す.

1 0 0 0 全唐五代詞

著者
曾昭岷 [ほか] 編撰
出版者
中華書局
巻号頁・発行日
1999

1 0 0 0 OA 発句帳

著者
昌琢
出版者
巻号頁・発行日
vol.[1],
著者
小林 義郎 熊懐 稜丸 大沢 昭緒 村上 慎一 中野 隆治
出版者
The Pharmaceutical Society of Japan
雑誌
Chemical and Pharmaceutical Bulletin (ISSN:00092363)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.26, no.4, pp.1247-1249, 1978-04-25 (Released:2008-03-31)
被引用文献数
31 45

Photochemical trifluoromethylation of pyridine gave a mixture of three (trifluoromethyl) pyridines. Pyrrole and N-methylpyrrole were trifluoromethylated in α-position. Benzene gave very low yield of benzotrifluoride.
著者
Akihiko Ozaki Sayaka Horiuchi Yasuma Kobayashi Mariko Inoue Jun Aida Claire Leppold Kazue Yamaoka
出版者
Tohoku University Medical Press
雑誌
The Tohoku Journal of Experimental Medicine (ISSN:00408727)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.246, no.4, pp.213-223, 2018 (Released:2018-12-12)
参考文献数
23
被引用文献数
11

The purpose of the present study was to assess the effects of social capital on mental health among the Japanese population with or without natural disaster experience. A nationwide cross-sectional study was performed in the population aged 15 to 79 years old. We collected data on psychological status, social capital, disaster experience in ten years prior to the survey, and socio-demographic information. We assessed cognitive social capital (perceptions of support, reciprocity and trust), social support (support from individuals in the community), and social participation (participation in social activities) as components of social capital. The study outcome was mild mood or anxiety disorder (hereafter mood/anxiety disorder), defined as the score of 5 or higher in the Kessler Psychological Distress Scale (K6). Using logistic regression models, we tested whether each component of social capital was associated with mood/anxiety disorder with or without disaster experience. Out of 1,200 participants, 1,183 had available K6 score data and were considered. Among three components of social capital, only social support significantly interacted with disaster experience (p = 0.019). In the population without disaster experience, those with high social support were less likely to have mood/anxiety disorder (OR 0.45, 95% Cl 0.28-0.73); however, no such association was observed among those with disaster experience (OR 1.11, 95% CI 0.64-1.90). Thus, the protective effects of social support against mood/anxiety disorder vary in the Japanese population depending on disaster experience. The present study provides important insight into the role of social capital on mental health after natural disaster.
著者
木村 友子 佐々木 弘子 菅原 龍幸
出版者
一般社団法人 日本家政学会
雑誌
日本家政学会誌 (ISSN:09135227)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.55, no.12, pp.933-943, 2004

新食感の商蒻(a)と従来の商蒻(b)を用い, 加熱法に超音波照射有無の煮物を調製し, その煮物の物性や食味特性に及ぼす調味液や加熱処理の影響を検討した.<BR>(1) 商蒻の中心温度が75℃で1分間以上に達し安全と性状の両面からみて, 煮物の加熱時間は20分間必要であった.<BR>(2) 新蒟蒻の煮物は従来の商蒻煮物に比べ, 物理的特性は軟らかいが, 蒟蒻特有の弾力としなやかさをもち, 調味液の浸透も優れ, 官能評価でも好評を得たので新蒟蒻製品としての利用が期待できた.<BR>(3) 調味液が蒟蒻煮物に与える影響は2%食塩水と鰹調味液は物理的測定値が硬化し, 10%蔗糖液は変化なく, 酢酸緩衝液は著しく軟化した.<BR>(4) 超音波照射加熱は非照射加熱に比べ, 煮物の物理的性状の改良や調味液の浸透促進に有効であった.
著者
小林 義郎 熊懐 稜丸 佐藤 進 原 伸祀 近見 永一
出版者
The Pharmaceutical Society of Japan
雑誌
Chemical and Pharmaceutical Bulletin (ISSN:00092363)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.18, no.11, pp.2334-2339, 1970-11-25 (Released:2008-03-31)
被引用文献数
39 65

Trifluoromethyl iodide reacts with aryl halide in the presence of copper powder to give aryltrifluoromethane derivatives in a fairly good yield. This newly observed reaction is applicable to heterocyclic halides as well as benzene derivatives. Activities of halides are in the following order of readiness : iodide>bromide>chloride. Effects of solvents and natures of copper were examined.
著者
足立 眞理子
出版者
青土社
雑誌
現代思想
巻号頁・発行日
vol.32, no.10, pp.171-176, 2004-09