著者
今田 節子 藤田 真理子
出版者
一般社団法人 日本家政学会
雑誌
日本家政学会誌 (ISSN:09135227)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.54, no.2, pp.171-181, 2003-02-15 (Released:2010-03-10)
参考文献数
21
被引用文献数
3

The traditional habits of eating the fermented and preserved foods, shiokara and gyosyou, and their regional characteristics were investigated by studying Nihon-no-Shokuseikatsu-Zenshu which records the traditional eating habits of each prefecture in Japan. One hundred and fourteen kinds of shiokara and gyosyou are recorded in Nihon-no-Shokuseikatsu-Zenshu throughout the entire country. However, most of these records are for fishing villages and nearby farming villages in the Sea of Japan coastal areas and the Pacific coastal areas. The fish most commonly used to make shiokara and gyosyou are cuttlefish, sweetfish, sardines, bonito, mackerel and their internal organs. shiokara and gyosyou are grouped into three types : type A, in which the fish is mixed in fermented liquid, account for 70%; type B, a pureed form, account for 25%; and type C, a liquid form, account for 5%. Types A and B are eaten as side dishes with sake and rice. The fish of type A are also used as cooking ingredients for boiled, grilled and dressed food, and the fermented liquid of type A and types B and C are used as condiments. shiokara and gyosyou are very common foods; in fishing villages, this preservation method efficiently uses very large catches of fish, and in the Tohoku and Hokuriku areas, the fish are preserved to insure a food supply throughout the winter.
著者
西村 昌彦 信濃 晴雄
出版者
公益社団法人 日本水産学会
雑誌
日本水産学会誌 (ISSN:00215392)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.57, no.6, pp.1141-1145, 1991-06-25 (Released:2008-02-29)
参考文献数
8
被引用文献数
2 3

Since no means of sterilization is used throughout the manufacturing process of the salted and ripened squid meat product “Ika-Shiokara, ” the quality of the product depends on its associated microbial flora. In the early stage of “Ika-Shiokara” ripening using 10% salts, viable bacteria occured at a level of about 105%/ml of fluid, and then increased gradually with time. The dominant species of bacteria in “Ika-Shiokara” was Staphylococcus epidermidis, but Staphylococcus aureus which closely resembles S. epidermidis in many respects was not detected in all the stages of ripening process. The result suggests that growth of S. aureus was inhibited by some component of “Ika-Shiokara”. We paid attention to trimethylamine-N-oxide (TMAO) and trimethylamine (TMA) which were the characteristic components derived from squid meat. A high amount of TMAO (500-600mg/100ml) was detected in raw squid and in the early ripening process of “Ika-Shiokara”, and it inhibited the growth of S. aureus at this level of concentration but not of S. epidermidis in the nutrient broth.
著者
藤井 建夫 松原 まゆみ 伊藤 慶明 奥積 昌世
出版者
公益社団法人 日本水産学会
雑誌
日本水産学会誌 (ISSN:00215392)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.60, no.2, pp.265-270, 1994-03-25 (Released:2008-02-29)
参考文献数
15
被引用文献数
14 18

To clarify the effect of microbes on the formation of amino acids during the ripening of squid shiokara, changes in the viable cell counts in 2.5% and 10% NaCl-BPG medium, 10% NaCl-PDA medium, and 10% NaCl-LBS medium, and amino acid contents etc. during ripening at 20°C were compared to shiokara containing 10% NaCl with and without antibiotics. Though the viable cell counts in the shiokara without antibiotics markedly increased during the ripening in contrast to those with antibiotics, neither the total nor the individual amounts of amino acids significantly differed between the samples, suggesting that microbes have a slight effect on the formation of amino acids. The initial bacterial flora of the shiokara without antibiotics were dominated by Staphylococcus, irrespective of the medium used for counting. The dominant flora in the later stage of ripening, however, differed depending on the media: Staphylococcus dominated on the 2.5% NaCl-BPG medium, while Micrococcus dominated and Streptococcus appeared in the deteriorating stage on the 10% NaCl-BPG medium.
出版者
巻号頁・発行日
vol.[136],
著者
柘植 英哉
出版者
公益社団法人 日本化学会
雑誌
化学と教育 (ISSN:03862151)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.47, no.4, pp.228-231, 1999-04-20 (Released:2017-07-11)
参考文献数
6

医薬品の添加物としての界面活性剤の利用は, その方法が確立されており, 乳化剤, 懸濁化剤, 可溶化剤, 保存剤等に使用される。界面活性剤の種類, 使用量は安全性面から法的に厳しく規制されている。少し見方を変えると薬物自身が界面活性剤に近い性質を示すことが多く, 界面物性に対する知識は医薬品研究の初期段階で重要である。また, ドラッグデリバリーシステム研究ではレシチン等のリン脂質を薬物を運ぶ容器として, さらに, 界面活性物質は吸収促進剤として研究がなされている。

1 0 0 0 OA 銀座巻物

出版者
巻号頁・発行日
vol.[1],
著者
宋 琦 Qi SONG ソン チー
出版者
総合研究大学院大学文化科学研究科 / 葉山町(神奈川県)
雑誌
総研大文化科学研究 = Sokendai review of cultural and social studies (ISSN:1883096X)
巻号頁・発行日
no.14, pp.47-68, 2018-03-31

松宮観山は江戸期に神儒仏三教思想を論じた一人である。彼は、兵学、儒学、測量学、易学、和歌、唐音などの複数の分野に精通していた思想家で、『三教要論』、『続三教要論』などの自著において、神儒仏三教思想を唱えた。本論文は、松宮観山の思想における「道」と「教」についての分析を通して、彼の神儒仏三教思想の成立原理を検討したものである。最初に、松宮観山の生涯、彼の提起した神儒仏三教思想及びそれにかかわる先行研究を概観する。次に、松宮観山の神儒仏三教思想における「道」と「教」との関わりについて論じる。『三教要論』の冒頭には「教えとは何ぞ、道を脩る也」とあり、この内容の出典は『中庸』の「天命之謂性、率性之謂道、脩道之謂教」と思われる。これをみれば、『中庸』の思想の影響を受けた観山は、「天→性→道→教」の順で「教」が最終的に生成すると主張した。また、観山の神儒仏三教思想は、「道」と「教」との関連を重視し、「教」は自然の「道」によって決定される。これを踏まえて、松宮観山の神儒仏三教思想の成立原理を分析していく。松宮観山は、荻生徂徠の「聖人の道」への執着を批判し、また、本居宣長が「大和心」を探求することを否定する。さらに、観山の独自的な神儒仏三教思想の構造を分析した。彼は「十二支」という概念の活用で、当時のインド、中国、日本の三者を比較し、日本の活力或いは生命力を誇りながら、神道の優位性を強調する。また易学の「天地人三才」の原理、すなわち宇宙間に存在する万物を統合する視点から、神・儒・仏という三つの教えを併用した。このように、神道を中心として、儒仏の二教を補佐とする神儒仏三教思想が構築された。時代背景から見れば、中国では「明清交替」は本土や周辺に大きな影響を与えた。松宮観山の時代、「夷狄」であった満州人が政権を握っていた。同じく「夷狄」と見なされた朝鮮や日本などの周辺諸国において、国家意識や民族意識が次第に強くなっていた。観山においては、日本の「道」の独自性を強調するのが、それにあたると思われる。しかし、儒学を基盤とする中華文明から離れることができず、また日本においては、仏教の広範な社会的基礎があるので、このような時代背景からみれば、すでに日本の独自性に焦点を当てた観山は、神道だけを強調するのではなく、儒学と仏教を活用するように、保守的な態度をもって神儒仏三教思想を提起した。This essay is an attempt to analyze the structure of Matsumiya Kanzan's Shintoist Theory of Three Teachings, by studying the role of Tou (way or nature) and Kyou (teaching) in his theory.First, we take a look at Matsumiya's life, his Theory of Three Teachings, and former research conducted on him. One of the proponents of a Three Teachings approach, Matsumiya lived in the Edo era and was an expert in military matters, Confucianism, surveying, poetry and the Chinese language. He advocated his main ideas in his book Sankyouyouron ('The Basis of the Theory of Three Teachings'). Second, we focus on the connection between Tou and Kyou in Matsumiya's ideology. In the beginning of The Basis of the Theory of Three Teachings he wrote, "What is the definition of Tou? It is the practice of Kyou." The following sentence is taken from the Chinese classic Zhongyong (The Doctrine of Mean, trans. James Legge): "What heaven has conferred is called the Nature (Tou), an accordance with this Nature is the Path of duty (Sei), the regulation of this path is called Instruction (Kyou)." It seems that it was the influence of the Zhongyong that led Matsumiya to place Kyou last of his Three Teachings, in the order Tou-Sei-Kyou. Meanwhile, emphasizing the connection between Tou and Kyou, Matsumiya declared Kyou to be determined by Tou, which is based on the law of nature. This is the fundamental principle of his Theory of Three Teachings.Matsumiya criticized Ogyu Sorai's theory for its insistence on defining Tou as the law of ancient sages, and also he disagreed with Motoori Norinaga's Japan-centralist approach. Matsumiya applied the 12 earthly branch conception in comparing India, China and Japan, asserting the vitality of Japan, and emphasizing the excellence of Shintoism. He also applied the concept of the Three Geniuses (Heaven, Earth and Men), in order to advocate a position of everything being one when seen holistically, in order to support his combining teachings from different sources.Thus, his construction of his Theory of the Three Teachings, which revolved mainly around Shintoism but also contained Confucian and Buddhist elements, was finally completed. In the period that Matsumiya lived, China was ruled by Qing Dynasty, formed of Manchus, who the people of the time termed "savages." The fact that such "savages" had become the leaders of the East Asian world had great influence on China's neighbouring nations, with Korea and Japan's national consciousness gradually increased through their hatred of "savages." Matsumiya's emphasis on a Japanese form of Tou, different from the Chinese Tao, may be a product of increased national consciousness. However, Japan at this time had not separated itself from Confucianism-based Chinese culture, and Buddhism served as the basis of much of Japanese society, which means we can also see Matsumiya's Theory of Three Teachings as motivated by a form of conservatism.
著者
亀井好恵著
出版者
慶友社
巻号頁・発行日
2012
著者
山中長俊
出版者
巻号頁・発行日
vol.巻第六十五、巻第六十六,