著者

Natsuki Shima Takamasa Murosaki Takao Nagashima Masahiro Iwamoto Yusuke Amano Naomi Nakano Mamitaro Ohtsuki Seiji Minota

出版者

一般社団法人 日本内科学会

雑誌

Internal Medicine (ISSN:09182918)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.56, no.15, pp.2063-2066, 2017-08-01 (Released:2017-08-01)

参考文献数

27

被引用文献数

3

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A 68-year-old man presented with polyarthritis, proximal muscle weakness, and erythema of the face, arms, neck, and anterior chest that resembled the V-neck sign. Initially, dermatomyositis (DM) was considered because of the erythema, polyarthritis, and muscle weakness. He also had mediastinal and hilar lymphadenopathy on contrast-enhanced computed tomography. Unexpectedly, a biopsy of the forehead skin revealed numerous multinucleated giant cells. A biopsy of a solitary nodule on the dorsum of his right middle finger revealed similar multinucleated giant cells with ground-glass cytoplasm, leading to the diagnosis of multicentric reticulohistiocytosis (MRH). Although MRH is rare, it should be remembered that MRH can mimic DM.

著者

Liang Zhao

雑誌

情報処理学会論文誌 (ISSN:18827764)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.58, no.8, 2017-08-15

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Let G=(V, E) be an undirected graph with a set V of nodes and a set E of edges,

著者

小澤 かおる

出版者

首都大学東京

巻号頁・発行日

pp.1-157, 2015-09-30

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首都大学東京, 2015-09-30, 博士(社会学), 甲第546号

著者

上仲 明郎 永田 雅

出版者

大同特殊鋼株式会社

雑誌

電気製鋼 (ISSN:00118389)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.67, no.3, pp.155-160, 1996

被引用文献数

2

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Influence of silicon and niobium on weldabilities of ferritic stainless steel welding wire have been investigated. The results are as follows. (1) At MIG and MAG welding, the weld cracking proof characteristic was improved by the addition of 1.0% silicon to weld wire and decreasing the niobium content of weld wire to 0.2%. (2) The developed weld wire with copper coating is excellent in the flatness of weld bead and the corrosion resistance.

出版者

日経BP社

雑誌

日経エコロジー (ISSN:13449001)

巻号頁・発行日

no.96, pp.32-34, 2007-06

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昨年7月8日、東京都港区の赤坂区民センターで「三遊亭京楽チャリティー寄席」が開かれた。京楽さんは、最近引退を表明した円楽一門の落語家。チャリティー寄席では、一門の落語家が古典落語をした後、とりに京楽さんのスーパー環境落語「大江戸エコツアー2030年」がかかった。チャリティー寄席には300人以上が詰め掛け、立ち見客が出るほどの盛況だった。

著者

マディソン・リー・ゴフ著 : 垂水雄二訳

出版者

草思社

巻号頁・発行日

2014

著者

川本 幸則 後藤 幸弘 辻 延浩 梅野 圭史

出版者

社団法人日本体育学会

雑誌

日本体育学会大会号

巻号頁・発行日

no.42, 1991-09-10

著者

常見 孝

出版者

北海道大學文學部 = The Faculty of Letters, Hokkaido University

雑誌

北海道大學文學部紀要 (ISSN:04376668)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.27, no.1, pp.41-87, 1979-03-10

著者

三溝 和明 朝廣 雄一 宮野 英次

出版者

情報処理学会

雑誌

研究報告アルゴリズム(AL) (ISSN:09196072)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.2010, no.4, pp.1-8, 2010-02-26

参考文献数

15

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本稿では直径 d 部分グラフ最大化問題 (MaxDBS 問題) について考察する.MaxDBS 問題の目的は,入力グラフ G と整数 d≥1 に対して,直径 d である最大部分グラフを G 中から見つけることである.MaxDBS 問題は,d=1 の場合,よく知られた最大クリーク問題と同一であるので,P≠NP の仮定の下で,任意のε>0 に対して n1-ε よりも良い近似度の近似アルゴリズムは存在しない.また d≥2 に対しては,任意の ε>0 に対して n1/3-ε よりも良い近似度の近似アルゴリズムは存在しないことが知られていた.まず本稿では,この結果を改善し,任意の ε>0 に対して n1/2-ε よりも良い近似度の近似アルゴリズムは存在しないことを示す.また,d が偶数の場合には n1/2 -近似アルゴリズム,d が 3 以上の奇数の場合には n2/3 -近似アルゴリズムが存在することを示す.さらに,弦グラフ,スプリットグラフ,区間グラフ,k 部グラフといった制限された入力に対する近似可能性と近似困難性について考察する.The maximum diameter-bounded subgraph problem (MaxDBS for short) is defined as follows: Given an n-vertex graph G and a fixed integer d ? 1, we are asked to find the largest subgraph of the diameter d in G. If d = 1, the problem is identical to the well known maximum clique problem and thus it is NP-hard to approximate MaxDBS to within a factor of n1-ε for any ε > 0. Also, it is known to be NP-hard to approximate MaxDBS to within a factor of n1/3-ε for any ε > 0 and a fixed d ? 2. In this paper, we first strengthen this hardness result; we prove that, for any ε > 0 and a fixed d ? 2, it is NP-hard to approximate MaxDBS to within a factor of n1/2-ε. Then, we show that a simple polynomial-time algorithm achieves an approximation ratio of n1/2 for any even d ? 2, and an approximation ratio of n2/3 for any odd d ? 3. Furthermore, the (in)tractability and the (in)approximability of MaxDBS on subclasses of graphs are discussed for chordal graphs, split graphs, interval graphs, and k-partite graphs.

著者

田村 奈穂子

出版者

早稲田大学演劇博物館

雑誌

演劇映像学

巻号頁・発行日

vol.2013, pp.99-111, 2014-03-10

著者

大槻 洋二

出版者

日本建築学会

雑誌

日本建築学会計画系論文集 (ISSN:13404210)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.62, no.496, pp.193-200, 1997-06-30 (Released:2017-02-02)

参考文献数

47

被引用文献数

1 1

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In this study I make clear the spatial condition of amusement quarter in Japanese modern city, paying attention to its autonomic aspect. In this paper I deal with Kobe Shinkaichi as the study material, one of the most prosperous amusement quarter in modern Japan, and I grasp the formation process of urban space and the transformation process to an amusement quarter. So I point the opportunity out to be the physical and artificial emptiness and the history that originates from reclamation of Minatogawa River.

著者

岡 絵理子 藤井 崇史 鳴海 邦碩

出版者

公益社団法人 日本都市計画学会

雑誌

都市計画論文集 (ISSN:09160647)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.43.3, pp.379-384, 2008-10-25 (Released:2017-01-01)

参考文献数

11

被引用文献数

1

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日本をはじめアジア諸都市では、高層集合住宅の建設が急速に進んでいるが、その一方で、老朽化した中高層集合住宅のもたらす問題も大きい。そこで本研究では、住民の99%が集合住宅に住んでいる香港で、都市再生局が都市再生の一つの手法として用いている建物再生事業に注目し、その手法を理解した上で都市再生における効果を検証した。観察調査やヒアリング調査の結果、香港での集合住宅再生事業は、抜本的方策ではないが、地域の持続性、住宅市場の活性化、事業そのものの波及効果、地域を活気づける効果が期待でき、わが国の地区再生に対しても示唆する点があることが明らかとなった。

著者

松崎 晴雄

出版者

公益財団法人 日本醸造協会

雑誌

日本醸造協会誌 (ISSN:09147314)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.97, no.8, pp.567-572, 2002-08-15 (Released:2011-09-20)

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筆者は, 香港への日本酒の輸出に係わりながら, 香港の人々の間にも日本酒への関心が高まり, 確実に定着してきている様子を長年にわたって眺めてきた。ここでは, その経緯と最近の香港の日本酒事情について紹介していただいた。

著者

山田 美香

出版者

国際アジア文化学会

雑誌

アジア文化研究 (ISSN:13405411)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.17, no.17, pp.49-59, 2010-06-01 (Released:2012-08-31)

参考文献数

24

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Among the special-needs schools in current Hong Kong, there is a category called the School for Social Development. The School for Social Development is a school for pupils who have difficulty adapting to ordinary school life because of learning difficulties, emotional disturbances, and problematic behaviors. The predecessors of the School for Social Development were schools established by churches and other organizations, such as technical schools in the 1950s and schools for pupils who could not adapt to mainstream schools under the compulsory education system in the 1970s. The background to the establishment of those schools varies by school. As of September 2008, there were seven School for Social Development in Hong Kong. The Juvenile Care Center is a school primarily for juvenile delinquents. Thus, the schools for maladjusted pupils established by churches and other organizations became School for Social Development that received government funding, that is, special-needs schools. Most of the schools for juvenile delinquents, which had different foundation backgrounds and histories, have finally been included in the official educational system and given legitimacy as special-needs schools or regular junior high schools. In 1990, disputes centered on the segregated education that separated delinquents from general students since the Compulsory Education Law enforced in 1970s required that children with problems be provided with a regular education. In 1993, conventional nautical schools were transformed into practical junior high schools for delinquent boys. In 2001, however, these practical junior high schools became mainstream junior high schools with the traditional characteristics of nautical schools. This was because few parents or students chose to attend a practical junior high school for delinquents.

著者

木下 光 西家 陽一

出版者

日本建築学会

雑誌

日本建築学会計画系論文集 (ISSN:13404210)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.79, no.705, pp.2479-2486, 2014-11-30 (Released:2014-11-30)

参考文献数

17

被引用文献数

1 1

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The historical process of the elevated walkway network around of Central district of Hong Kong was analyzed on following 3 aspects. 1. The private developer constructed the first elevated walkway in Hong Kong because it was more convenient for the customers to connect between the hotel and shopping mall in 1960's. Then it took more than 40 years and this walkway is defined by the building ordinance of Hong Kong as one of urban design methods that the private developers get the incentive of development if they connect their building to the next existing one. 2. The elevated walkway network in Hong Kong has grown piecemeal and spread out in CBD districts horizontally and vertically. This walkway network has an important role for citizen's activities and connecting between several urban functions based on the mixed land use. 3. This elevated walkway network is constituted of public space owned private sectors and the government. And it is never closed by the complicated ownership. The retail shops business always makes a strong relationship between every routes of this walkway, then Hong Kong had a these elevated and characteristic public space for citizen successfully.

著者

横山 昭市

出版者

一般社団法人 人文地理学会

雑誌

人文地理 (ISSN:00187216)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.17, no.6, pp.609-629, 1965-12-28 (Released:2009-04-28)

参考文献数

30

被引用文献数

1 1

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This report is part of the author's doctorial thesis ‘Study on the Industrialization of Hong Kong and the Analysis of its Factors (1965)’.The full-fledged industrialization of Hong Kong as seen in the last ten years clearly shows a switch from the traditional dependence of the colony upon entrepôt trade to revolutional self-supporting industrial activities. This remarkable change has brought about a new main source of income, and at the same time, Hong Konghas become more dependent upon foreign trade than ever before. For the colony produces little raw material and its inside market is small. Accordingly, all the industries have assumed the form of processing trade and foreign trade has become the most fundamental condition for the industrialization of the colony. For instance, the exports are estimated at 80 per cant of Hong Kong's total industrial output. No other country in the world exports so high proportion of its output. And in 1961, of all the textile goods exported from developing countries, 14 per cent were from Hong Kong. Also, the exports of miscellaneous goods from Hong Kong represented 34 per cent of the total exports from those countries.From these trends of recent years, Hong Kong is viewed as a country that typifies the combined development of commerce (trade) and industry, and also, a rapid increase in the export of manufactured goods shows Hong Kong's strong international competitive power.The reason for taking up plastic industry here is that this is a new type of industry, and it has grown rapidly, establishing itself as one of the most important industries. Above all plastic flowers (made of polyethylene) have become wellknown as ‘Hong Kong flowers’, which have given a blow to the Japanese manufacturers of artificial flowers.The author is going to analyze and explain in detail the development, location, actual condition of management, structure of trade and competitive power of plastic flowers in comparison with that of Japanese artificial flowers.The results are as follows;1) Most of the industries in Hong Kong are conducted on the basis of intensive productive labor. Plastic industry is no exception. The exports of plastic goods have remarkably increased in a short period and plastic industry has come to play a major role (Fig. I and Table 4). The outputs of items of this industry are varied. It shows diversified develoments of the industry. But since 1960, the plastic flower has become the most important item of all and it has occupied half of the total production of plastic industry.2) The pioneering firm was established in 1947, but the actual production of plastic flower began in 1957. This was motivated by the introduction of the Hong Kong labor to the industry by an American merchant of keen insight. Of course, there was a concentration of the Chinese capital upon the new industry, too. The factories are mainly located in the urban areas in Hong Kong and Kowloon, but partly, they have advanced to the new industrial areas, such as Tsuen Wan, Kwun Tong and Sai Wan (Fig. 2). Such location is conditioned by the scale of firms-almost all the firms are home industrial (cottage type)-and it is based on the fact that capital, though small, can be easily procured and cheap supply of labor is available at any time. The number of workers in most of the registered factories is less than 100 (Table 3). The number of workers in smaller factories is not included in the official figures. The number of outworkers is not included there, either. Under such circumstances, it is very difficult to improve quality and stabilize market, and, what is worse, such a state has worsened, so that plastic industry is now a typical industry in Hong Kong that has both a strong point and a weak point.3) The exports of plastic goods have remarkably increased since 1959.

著者

木下 光

出版者

日本建築学会

雑誌

日本建築学会計画系論文集 (ISSN:13404210)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.68, no.563, pp.245-251, 2003-01-30 (Released:2017-02-09)

参考文献数

15

被引用文献数

2

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This study aims to clarify the process and the reason of tie historical change of public retail markets in Hong Kong. Through analysis of the policy of market control by the government using Hong Kong Annual Reports from 1841 to 1997 and the survey of all public retail maricets, three conclusions have been formulated (1) Public health has been one of the important town planning issues from the beginning of Hong Kong as the British colony, and the government had used public retail markets to maintain public health till now. As a result, the number of public retail markets has increased to 108. (2) Public retail markets are classified into nine types and have changed to public facilities complex or market-housing complex through 6 stages historically. (3) Public retail markets have played the primary role to make a community in each district combining with public services or housing and changing their forms from temporary and low-rise to permanent and high-rise architecture.

著者

汪 正仁

出版者

日本物流学会

雑誌

日本物流学会誌 (ISSN:13493345)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.1997, no.6, pp.12-15, 1997 (Released:2011-03-14)

参考文献数

11

著者

王 文蘭

出版者

国際アジア文化学会

雑誌

アジア文化研究 (ISSN:13405411)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.15, no.15, pp.41-55, 2008-06-01 (Released:2010-08-25)

参考文献数

11

著者

沢村 正五

出版者

公益社団法人 日本植物学会

雑誌

植物学雑誌 (ISSN:0006808X)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.66, no.779-780, pp.155-160, 1953 (Released:2006-12-05)

参考文献数

8

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By means of the agar plate method, the action of 2.4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid sodium, hydrate (hereafter abbreviated 2.4-D)was investigated in the staminal hair cells of Tradescantia reflexa in vivo.In the treatment with high concentrations (1-0.5%) of 2.4-D solution, the cells of staminal hairs become gelatinized within 25-60 minutes and later become sol state. Similar solidification of the cell contents would occur also in low concentrations (0.08-0.01%) of 2.4-D solution after survival for weeks and, the cell contents seem to be entirely liquefied. It may be thought that this phenomenon is due to the hydration of the protoplasm caused by the action of 2.4-D sodium salt.In the concentrations of less than 0.1% of this drug, some of the hair cells become gelatinized and die in a few days after the treatment, however, during this lapse of days some of them aquire resistancy to the toxicity of the 2.4-D sodium salt and recover their vital forces. These cells then grow unusually containing fully grown plastids and survive a few weeks or more. In the cells with aquired resistancy to the 2.4-D, it is recognized that the cells can make use of this drug as a growth promoting hormone.Any concentration of 2.4-D is effective on the mitosis and makes the chromosomes sticky. Consequently this drug can introduce chromosome aberrations, abnormal separation of anaphase chromosomes and secondarily the abnormalities of cell wall formation. Daughter cells with unequal size, micronuclei, imcomplete cell walls and binucleate cells appear in the 2.4-D treatment. Some of these mitotic abnormalities would appear also in the concentrations of 2.4-D solution, in which the resting nuclei can enter into the mitosis de novo.It is considered that the specific actions of 2.4-D sodium salt on the mitotic cells may be responsible for its killing effect to the weeds and for the formation of abnormal tissues to the treated plants.