出版者

日本語学会

雑誌

國語學 (ISSN:04913337)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.51, no.1, 2000-06-30

著者

徳川 宗賢 トクガワ ムネマサ

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11506

著者

北条忠雄著

出版者

日本学術振興会

巻号頁・発行日

1966

著者

田中 祐之 伊藤 世人 花田 茂久 北出 有

出版者

日本膜学会

雑誌

膜 (ISSN:03851036)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.40, no.2, pp.86-90, 2015 (Released:2015-05-14)

参考文献数

4

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The influence of addition of sodium hypochlorite and sodium bisulfite to reverse osmosis (RO) process was examined quantitatively by parallel tests of several pilot-scale UF+RO units. The differential pressure of RO elements and modified Biofilm Formation Rate (mBFR) clearly showed that the addition of these chemicals could be the trigger of the biofouling. In addition, chemical free pretreatment processes of RO are now being established according to the levels of the seawater quality measured by the rapid and easy biofouling risk assessment method which was newly devised.

著者

百々 幸雄

出版者

The Anthropological Society of Nippon

雑誌

人類學雜誌 (ISSN:00035505)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.91, no.2, pp.169-186, 1983

被引用文献数

4

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伊達市南有珠6遺跡の続縄文時代恵山期の貝層下部より掘りこまれた土壙墓より,人骨1体分が発見された(図1)。土壙墓は一部撹乱を受けていたが,層位的にみて恵山期のものであることは確実であり,恵山期に特徴的な片刃の石斧一点が副葬されていた。<br>人骨の保存状態は,頭蓋はきわめて良好であったが,四肢骨は概して不良であった。したがって,ここでは頭蓋のみを研究の対象として報告した。性別は明らかに女性であり,年齢は熟年程度と推定された。<br>頭蓋計測値と形態小変異の出現状態は,それぞれ表1と表4に示した。<br>脳頭蓋は,中型,高型,尖型であり,顔面頭蓋では,中上顔型,中眼窩型,広鼻型,狭口蓋型である。顔面頭蓋は,縄文人に比して,概して繊細であり,とくに頬骨と上顎骨体の退縮が著しい。歯槽性の突顎も著明である。しかし,歯の咬耗は著しく進んでおり,大臼歯で3度ないし4度の段階にある。また,歯の生前脱落と歯槽に膿瘍の痕跡も認められる。<br>21項目の計測値を,近世道南アイヌ,道央•道東北部のアイヌ,東北地方縄文人,西日本の縄文人(吉胡•津雲貝塚)および現代東北地方人女性頭蓋の平均値と比較し,これらとの間にペンローズの形態距離(Cz2)を求めると,南有珠6頭蓋は,道南アイヌに最も近く,次いで道央•道東北部のアイヌに近い。東北地方縄文人とも比較的近い距離にあるが,西日本の縄文人と現代東北地方人とはかなり離れる(表2)。<br>近世アイヌと本州縄文人頭蓋を比較的良く分離する頭蓋示数6項目を比較すると,長幅示数,頭蓋底示数,コルマンの上顔示数および口蓋示数の4示数では,南有珠6頭蓋は近世アイヌに近い。矢状前頭々頂示数はどちらかといえば,縄文人に近いが,前頭弧長および頭頂弧長の絶対値は,はるかに縄文人平均を上回っている。下顎枝示数は著しく大きく,超アイヌ的であるといって良い(図2-図7)。<br>顔面平坦度計測では,頬上顎部の示数のみがアイヌおよび縄文人の示数平均より大きく,南有珠6頭蓋の著しい突顎性を表わしているが,他の2示数,すなわち前頭部と鼻根部の示数は,アイヌと縄文人の示数平均の中間に位置する(表3)。<br>29項目の頭蓋の形態小変異の出現型を用いて,南有珠6頭蓋が,アイヌか和人のいつれかの集団から抽出されたものかを調べるために,尤度比を求めてみたが,和人に対するアイヌの尤度比は9.86となり,南有珠6頭蓋はアイヌ集団に帰属すると判定することができる(表4)。<br>以上の結果を総合的に判断すれば,南有珠6頭蓋は,本州の縄文人頭蓋よりも,近世アイヌ,とくに道南部のアイヌ頭蓋との親近性が強いといえ,山口(1980a,1981)が指摘するように,恵山期の続縄文時代人は,縄文から近世道南アイヌへの形態に移行していく過程にあると推察される。

著者

中山 真孝 齊藤 智

出版者

公益社団法人 日本心理学会

雑誌

心理学研究 (ISSN:00215236)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.86, no.3, pp.249-257, 2015

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The present study investigated principles of phonological planning, a common serial ordering mechanism for speech production and phonological short-term memory. Nakayama and Saito (2014) have investigated the principles by using a speech-error induction technique, in which participants were exposed to an auditory distractor word immediately before an utterance of a target word. They demonstrated within-word adjacent mora exchanges and serial position effects on error rates. These findings support, respectively, the temporal distance and the edge principles at a within-word level. As this previous study induced errors using word distractors created by exchanging adjacent morae in the target words, it is possible that the speech errors are expressions of lexical intrusions reflecting interactive activation of phonological and lexical/semantic representations. To eliminate this possibility, the present study used nonword distractors that had no lexical or semantic representations. This approach successfully replicated the error patterns identified in the abovementioned study, further confirming that the temporal distance and edge principles are organizing precepts in phonological planning.

著者

宗接 哲也 堀内 孝

出版者

The Japanese Psychological Association

雑誌

心理学研究 (ISSN:00215236)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.86, no.3, pp.269-275, 2015

被引用文献数

3

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The survival processing effect is a robust memory phenomenon of memory whereby encouraging participants to judge words for relevance to a survival situation produces better recall than other processing tasks such as semantic or self-reference tasks (Nairne, Thompson, & Pandeirada, 2007). The present study separated memory performance into recollection and familiarity, and estimated the contribution of these two factors to the survival processing effect as adaptive memory by using a recognition test based on the dual-process signal detection model. This study also examined the long-term persistence of the effect by delay manipulation (immediate, after a week, after five weeks) of the recognition test. Under delayed conditions (after a week and five weeks), survival processing advantage occurred on recollection, but semantic processing had no effect. In contrast, for familiarity, there was no significant difference between survival and semantic processing. These findings suggest that the survival processing effect mainly relies on recollection.

著者

高橋 登 中村 知靖

出版者

The Japanese Psychological Association

雑誌

心理学研究 (ISSN:00215236)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.86, no.3, pp.258-268, 2015

被引用文献数

5

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In the present study, we newly developed a kanji writing subtest of ATLAN (Adaptive Tests for Language Abilities), which is based on item response theory (Takahashi & Nakamura, 2009; Takahashi, Otomo, & Nakamura, 2012) and can be administered via the Internet. In Study 1, we evaluated two parameters, difficulty and discrimination, of 244 kanji characters based on the results of 1,306 children from 2nd to 9th grade. In Study 2, we analyzed kanji reading and writing subtests of 283 children from 3rd to 6th grade, including their error patterns and stroke order while writing kanji. The results of hierarchical regression analysis showed that more than 60% of the variance of kanji writing is explained by grade, kanji reading, and accuracy of forms and stroke order while writing kanji. The practical significance of the test is discussed.

著者

内海 緒香

出版者

公益社団法人 日本心理学会

雑誌

心理学研究 (ISSN:00215236)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.86, no.3, pp.230-239, 2015

被引用文献数

1

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Few researches have delineated how adolescents and parents view conflict in familial settings in Japan. Seventh and eighth grade junior high school students (<i>n</i> = 63) and parents (<i>n</i> = 68) were asked to complete a questionnaire using four hypothetical stories to investigate their judgments and reasoning about parent–child situations. Vignettes described health management, household chores, and two situations involving personal choice (clothes and friends) situations. Participants responded differently to personal, prudential, and conventional conflict. Parental acceptance of the child's demands and discretion and the child's tendency to reject parental authority were significantly higher for personal than for conventional or prudential conflict, and for conventional than for prudential conflict. Children rejected parental authority more than adults rejected parental authority when the child's choice was central to the child's identity; on the other hand, children accepted parents' conventional demands more often than adults accepted parents' conventional demands. These results suggest that early adolescents assert their rights when they judge the situation to be in the personal domain.

著者

石井 国雄 田戸岡 好香

出版者

The Japanese Psychological Association

雑誌

心理学研究 (ISSN:00215236)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.86, no.3, pp.240-248, 2015

被引用文献数

8

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Previous research has suggested that Western European individuals exhibit negative attitudes toward older adults under pathogen threat. The present study investigated whether Japanese individuals exhibited ageism when pathogen threat was salient. Additionally, the study determined whether pathogen threat would have less of an impact on ageism among individuals with experience living with older adults. Study 1 showed that when pathogen threat was chronically and contextually salient, Japanese university students who had no experience living with older adults exhibited ageism, while those with such experience did not. Study 2 showed similar findings among Japanese nursing students. We argue that familiarity with older adults is essential for diminishing ageism in the event of a pathogen threat.

著者

石岡 良子 石崎 達郎 髙橋 龍太郎 権藤 恭之 増井 幸恵 中川 威 田渕 恵 小川 まどか 神出 計 池邉 一典 新井 康通

出版者

公益社団法人 日本心理学会

雑誌

心理学研究 (ISSN:00215236)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.86, no.3, pp.219-229, 2015

被引用文献数

3

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This study examined the associations between the complexity of an individual's primary lifetime occupation and his or her late-life memory and reasoning performance, using data from 824 community-dwelling participants aged 69–72 years. The complexity of work with data, people, and things was evaluated based on the Japanese job complexity score. The associations between occupational complexity and participant's memory and reasoning abilities were examined in multiple regression analyses. An association was found between more complex work with people and higher memory performance, as well as between more complex work with data and higher reasoning performance, after having controlled for gender, school records, and education. Further, an interaction effect was observed between gender and complexity of work with data in relation to reasoning performance: work involving a high degree of complexity with data was associated with high reasoning performance in men. These findings suggest the need to consider late-life cognitive functioning within the context of adulthood experiences, specifically those related to occupation and gender.

著者

横田 賀英子 渡邉 和美 和智 妙子 大塚 祐輔 倉石 宏樹 藤田 悟郎

出版者

公益社団法人 日本心理学会

雑誌

心理学研究 (ISSN:00215236)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.86, no.3, pp.209-218, 2015

被引用文献数

3

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The purpose of this study was twofold: first, to create an index for a behavioral linkage analysis of serial sex crimes, and second, to construct a predictive model for the analysis. Data on 720 sex crimes (rape, indecent assault) committed by 360 offenders arrested between 1993 and 2005 throughout Japan were collected. The following seven behaviors were examined during a series of analyses aimed at illustrating the effectiveness of crime linkage in serial sex crimes: victim age group, area type, publicness of offense site, weapon, time, contact method, and day of the week. The results indicated that six of the seven behaviors (excluding "day of the week") significantly distinguished between linked and unlinked crime pairs. Under a logistic regression of these six variables, which were dichotomously coded in terms of the concordance or discordance between each pair of incidents, the area under the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve was 0.85 (95% CI = 0.82–0.87), indicating a high level of discriminative accuracy in identifying disparate sex crimes committed by the same person.

著者

相澤 直樹

出版者

公益社団法人 日本心理学会

雑誌

心理学研究 (ISSN:00215236)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.86, no.3, pp.200-208, 2015

被引用文献数

3

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Many studies have demonstrated that individuals with social anxiety interpret ambiguous social situations negatively. It is, however, not clear whether the interpretation bias discriminatively contributes to social anxiety in comparison with depressive automatic thoughts. The present study investigated the effects of negative interpretation bias and automatic thoughts on social anxiety. The Social Intent Interpretation Questionnaire, which measures the tendency to interpret ambiguous social events as implying other's rejective intents, the short Japanese version of the Automatic Thoughts Questionnaire-Revised, and the Anthropophobic Tendency Scale were administered to 317 university students. Covariance structure analysis indicated that both rejective intent interpretation bias and negative automatic thoughts contributed to mental distress in social situations mediated by a sense of powerlessness and excessive concern about self and others in social situations. Positive automatic thoughts reduced mental distress. These results indicate the importance of interpretation bias and negative automatic thoughts in the development and maintenance of social anxiety. Implications for understanding of the cognitive features of social anxiety were discussed.

著者

江口 めぐみ 濱口 佳和

出版者

公益社団法人 日本心理学会

雑誌

心理学研究 (ISSN:00215236)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.86, no.3, pp.191-199, 2015

被引用文献数

3

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This study examined the causal relationships between assertiveness and both internal and external adjustment in children. Elementary school children in grades four through six (<I>N</I> = 284) participated in the study, which used a short-term longitudinal design. The children completed questionnaires twice during a 6-months period. They responded to assertiveness questionnaires that included two components: "self-expression" and "consideration of others". They also completed a self-esteem scale as an index of internal adjustment, and the Class Life Satisfaction scale as an index of external adjustment. There was a positive causative relationship between "self-expression" and internal adjustment and between "consideration for others" and external adjustment. In addition, the effects on adjustment varied according to the type of assertiveness. Cluster analysis and MANOVA indicated that the group with high "self-expression" and "consideration for others" had high internal and external adjustment, while the children with poor assertiveness showed the lowest degree of adaptivity.

著者

Rebeca Padilla-Reynaud Anne-Marie Simao-Beaunoir Sylvain Lerat Mark A. Bernards Carole Beaulieu

出版者

Japanese Society of Microbial Ecology / Japanese Society of Soil Microbiology / Taiwan Society of Microbial Ecology / Japanese Society of Plant Microbe Interactions / Japanese Society for Extremophiles

雑誌

Microbes and Environments (ISSN:13426311)

巻号頁・発行日

pp.ME15034, (Released:2015-09-01)

被引用文献数

11 23

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Suberin, a major constituent of the potato periderm, is known to promote the production of thaxtomins, the key virulence factors of the common scab-causing agent Streptomyces scabiei. In the present study, we speculated that suberin affected the production of glycosyl hydrolases, such as cellulases, by S. scabiei, and demonstrated that suberin promoted glycosyl hydrolase activity when added to cellulose-, xylan-, or lichenin-containing media. Furthermore, secretome analyses revealed that the addition of suberin to a cellulose-containing medium increased the production of glycosyl hydrolases. For example, the production of 13 out of the 14 cellulases produced by S. scabiei in cellulose-containing medium was stimulated by the presence of suberin. In most cases, the transcription of the corresponding cellulase-encoding genes was also markedly increased when the bacterium was grown in the presence of suberin and cellulose. The level of a subtilase-like protease inhibitor was markedly decreased by the presence of suberin. We proposed a model for the onset of S. scabiei virulence mechanisms by both cellulose and suberin, the main degradation product of cellulose that acts as an inducer of thaxtomin biosynthetic genes, and suberin promoting the biosynthesis of secondary metabolites including thaxtomins.

著者

アマデウス・ホフマン 著

出版者

アルス

巻号頁・発行日

1925

著者

堀井 聡江

出版者

桜美林大学

雑誌

国際学レヴュー (ISSN:09162690)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.20, pp.63-79, 2009

著者

高橋保著

出版者

ミネルヴァ書房

巻号頁・発行日

2008

著者

河崎 祐樹 鈴木 直子 和泉 達也

出版者

日本栄養・食糧学会

雑誌

日本栄養・食糧学会誌 (ISSN:02873516)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.68, no.4, pp.157-163, 2015

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【目的】本試験は, シスチン・システインペプチド酵母エキス混合物含有サプリメントの12週間摂取が女性の肌に及ぼす影響を検証した。【方法】二重盲検ランダム化比較試験。日本人女性にシスチン・システインペプチド酵母エキス混合物含有サプリメントもしくはプラセボ食品を12週間摂取させ, 4週間ごとに肌環境を評価した。【結果】シスチン・システインペプチド酵母エキス混合物群 (CC群) とプラセボ群を比較した結果, 摂取4週後に赤味評価 (面積Lv3) に有意差が認められ, CC群の方が低い測定値を示した (<i>p</i>=0.021) 。【結論】シスチン・システインペプチド酵母エキス混合物含有サプリメントの摂取は, 摂取4週後に肌の赤みに前向きな影響を与えたといえる。本試験は, 倫理委員会の承認後, 臨床試験登録システムUMIN-CTRに登録し実施した (UMIN000013167) 。

著者

長岡宗好 編

出版者

十文字商会

巻号頁・発行日

1901