著者

釣賀 一二三 間野 勉

出版者

The Mammal Society of Japan

雑誌

哺乳類科学 (ISSN:0385437X)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.48, no.1, pp.91-100, 2008-06-30

被引用文献数

4

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北海道渡島半島地域を対象に策定された任意計画に,モニタリングとして位置づけられた項目の取り組み内容に関して概観し,今後の課題について本稿で報告する.北海道では2001年に策定された「渡島半島地域ヒグマ保護管理計画」に関わる生息動向,および被害状況に関わるモニタリングを実施している.生息動向については,全道を対象とした鳥獣関係統計,捕獲個体の生物学的分析,アンケートによる分布調査および広域痕跡調査の一環として渡島半島地域の調査を実施しており,これまで継続してきた調査によって一定の成果をあげている反面,個体数の動向を示す指標として期待される広域痕跡調査が,国有林の協力を得られないなどの理由から今後の見通しが立たないといった重要な課題を抱えている.渡島半島地域のみを対象とした電波追跡調査やヘア・トラップ調査では,個体数推定に向けた試みが続けられており,大雑把な個体数の推定や調査対象とした狭い地域における個体数推定手法の確立に向けた検討が行われているものの,予算や人員の不足が精度の向上と広域への展開を妨げている状況である.一方,被害状況に関するモニタリングとしては,被害や出没の発生状況を把握し,指標化することによって保護管理計画へのフィードバックを行うための新しい試みとして,問題グマの段階分け,各段階の問題グマ数の推定といった試みを行っている.これらは今後も継続することによって,保護管理計画の進捗状況を評価する重要な指標になり得ると考えられ,生息動向のモニタリングと併せて将来にわたって実施を継続する体制を担保することが重要である.<br>

著者

間野 勉

出版者

The Mammal Society of Japan

雑誌

哺乳類科学 = Mammalian Science (ISSN:0385437X)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.35, no.1, pp.57-63, 1995-10-31

著者

間野 勉 大井 徹 横山 真弓 山崎 晃司 釣賀 一二三 高柳 敦 山中 正実

出版者

The Mammal Society of Japan

雑誌

哺乳類科学 (ISSN:0385437X)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.48, no.1, pp.39-41, 2008-06-30

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日本におけるクマ類の調査研究や特定鳥獣保護管理計画の発展に寄与することを目指して,この特集を企画した.本特集は,日本哺乳類学会2007年度大会で開催されたクマに関する3つの自由集会の成果をまとめたものであり,特定鳥獣保護管理計画の実施状況や,新たな手法として注目されるヘア・トラップ法によるクマ類の密度推定の問題点などを概観する11編の報告と,2編のコメントから構成される.<br>

著者

羽澄 俊裕 間野 勉 近藤 宣昭 坪田 敏男

出版者

The Mammal Society of Japan

雑誌

哺乳類科学 = Mammalian Science (ISSN:0385437X)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.34, no.2, pp.158-162, 1995-03-30

著者

釣賀 一二三 間野 勉 山野 秀二 金川 弘司

出版者

The Mammal Society of Japan

雑誌

哺乳類科学 = Mammalian Science (ISSN:0385437X)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.36, no.1, pp.59-62, 1996-10-31

著者

TSURUGA Hifumi MANO Tsutomu YAMANAKA Masami KANAGAWA Hiroshi

出版者

北海道大学

雑誌

Japanese journal of veterinary research (ISSN:00471917)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.42, no.3, pp.127-136, 1995-01-31

被引用文献数

3

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Genetic variations within and between local populations of Hokkaido brown bears, Ursus arctos yesoensis, were quantified by means of DNA fingerprinting using a minisatellite DNA probe. The estimates of the average heterozygosity (gene diversity) H were 0.302 and 0.241 for the populations on the southwestern part of the Oshima peninsula and the Shiretoko peninsula, respectively. These values suggest that local populations studied in this study have low genetic variability compared with those for other animals. The degree of genetic differentiation between the populations, measured by the coefficient of gene diversity (GST), was 7.9 percent and 19.5 percent. These results indicate a low degree of genetic differentiation between the local populations. The results obtained are discussed in relation to a population bottleneck in the ancestors and subsequent expansion of their habitat.

著者

間野 勉 山中 正実 片山 敦司

出版者

北海道新聞社

雑誌

モーリー

巻号頁・発行日

no.8, pp.74-81, 2003-08

著者

古家 和彦 磯江 浩 帆足 博明 平野 茂

出版者

社団法人 日本鋼構造協会

雑誌

鋼構造論文集 (ISSN:18809928)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.10, no.39, pp.131-141, 2003-09-30 (Released:2010-06-28)

参考文献数

8

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Due to the Geiyo Earthquake in March 24th, 2001, center stay rods of the 1st Kurushimakaikyo Bridge(suspension bridge) were broken. They were designed to break in strong earthquake and work as safety valve of the structure. In order to evaluate the mechanism of the breakage of the rods, data from field measurement were processed using structural analysis, and it was confirmed that the broken rods worked as designed. It also was confirmed that forces acted to other unbroken rods in 2nd and 3rd Kurushimakaikyo Bridges were not large enough to affect their soundness. Through this experience, it was proven that field measurements and structural analysis can be effective tools not only for design but also for maintenance of structures.

著者

Hiroshi Inoue Ken Okumura Hirotsugu Atarashi Takeshi Yamashita Hideki Origasa Naoko Kumagai Masayuki Sakurai Yuichiro Kawamura Isao Kubota Kazuo Matsumoto Yoshiaki Kaneko Satoshi Ogawa Yoshifusa Aizawa Masaomi Chinushi Itsuo Kodama Eiichi Watanabe Yukihiro Koretsune Yuji Okuyama Akihiko Shimizu Osamu Igawa Shigenobu Bando Masahiko Fukatani Tetsunori Saikawa Akiko Chishaki on behalf of the J-RHYTHM Registry Investigators

出版者

日本循環器学会

雑誌

Circulation Journal (ISSN:13469843)

巻号頁・発行日

pp.CJ-13-0290, (Released:2013-05-25)

参考文献数

24

被引用文献数

52 110

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Background: Target anticoagulation levels for warfarin in Japanese patients with non-valvular atrial fibrillation (NVAF) are unclear. Methods and Results: Of 7,527 patients with NVAF, 1,002 did not receive warfarin (non-warfarin group), and the remaining patients receiving warfarin were divided into 5 groups based on their baseline international normalized ratio (INR) of prothrombin time (≤1.59, 1.6–1.99, 2.0–2.59, 2.6–2.99, and ≥3.0). Patients were followed-up prospectively for 2 years. Primary endpoints were thromboembolic events (cerebral infarction, transient ischemic attack, and systemic embolism), and major hemorrhage requiring hospital admission. During the follow-up period, thromboembolic events occurred in 3.0% of non-warfarin group, but at lower frequencies in the warfarin groups (2.0, 1.3, 1.5, 0.6, and 1.8%/2 years for INR values of ≤1.59, 1.6–1.99, 2.0–2.59, 2.6–2.99, and ≥3.0, respectively; P=0.0059). Major hemorrhage occurred more frequently in warfarin groups (1.5, 1.8, 2.4, 3.3, and 4.1% for INR values ≤1.59, 1.6–1.99, 2.0–2.59, 2.6–2.99, and ≥3.0, respectively; P=0.0041) than in non-warfarin group (0.8%/2 years). These trends were maintained when the analyses were confined to patients aged ≥70 years. Conclusions: An INR of 1.6–2.6 is safe and effective at preventing thromboembolic events in patients with NVAF, particularly patients aged ≥70 years. An INR of 2.6–2.99 is also effective, but associated with a slightly increased risk in major hemorrhage. (UMIN Clinical Trials Registry UMIN000001569)

著者

Man Bok JEONG Shin Ae PARK Se Eun KIM Young Woo PARK Kristina NARFSTRÖM Kangmoon SEO

出版者

公益社団法人 日本獣医学会

雑誌

Journal of Veterinary Medical Science (ISSN:09167250)

巻号頁・発行日

pp.12-0358, (Released:2013-05-30)

被引用文献数

4

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The purpose of the study was to describe the clinical and electroretinographic features of clinical cases of progressive retinal atrophy (PRA) in miniature schnauzer (MS) of South Korea. Sixty-six MS (14 normal and 52 affected) were included. All animals underwent routine ocular examinations. Electroretinogram (ERG) was recorded in the 14 normal and 15 affected dogs. For normal dogs, the mean age ± SD was 4.1 ± 2.4 years (1 to 9 years), and there were no ocular abnormalities on the basis of ocular examinations and ERG results. For the PRA-affected dogs, it was shown that the mean age ± SD was 4.3 ± 1.1 years (2 to 7 years), and 44 dogs (84.6%) were 3 to 5 years old. Most of the PRA-affected dogs had abnormal menace responses (98.1%) and pupillary light reflexes (PLRs, 88.5%); some dogs showed normal menace response (1.9%) and PLRs (11.5%). Ophthalmoscopic abnormalities in the affected group included one or more of the following changes: hyperreflectivity and discoloration of the tapetal area, attenuation of retinal vessels, depigmentation in non-tapetal area and optic disc atrophy. ERG in the affected dogs showed non-recordable responses in all cases tested with clinical signs of PRA. The present study showed that PRA in MS was mainly observed between the age of 3 to 5 years. ERG revealed abnormal rod and cone responses in affected dogs at the ages studied.

著者

Fumihiro KANEKO Sayaka ARATA Yukari TAKEUCHI Yuji MORI

出版者

公益社団法人 日本獣医学会

雑誌

Journal of Veterinary Medical Science (ISSN:09167250)

巻号頁・発行日

pp.13-0082, (Released:2013-05-30)

被引用文献数

5

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Canine aggression is one of the behavioral problems for which veterinary behaviorists are most frequently consulted. Despite this, the classification of canine aggression is controversial, and there are several classification methodologies. While the etiology of canine aggression differs among the types of aggression, the behavioral background underlying aggression is not well understood. Behavior trait-based evaluation of canine aggression would improve the effectiveness and efficiency of managing canine aggression problems. We developed a questionnaire addressing 14 behavioral items and items related to four types of canine aggression (owner-, child-, stranger- and dog-directed aggression) in order to examine the associations between behavioral traits and aggression in Shiba Inu. A total of 400 Shiba Inu owners recruited through dog events (n=134) and veterinary hospitals (n=266) completed the questionnaire. Factor analysis sorted the behavioral items from both the event and clinic samples into four factors: “sociability with humans,” “reactivity to stimuli,” “chase proneness” and “fear of sounds.” While “reactivity to stimuli” correlated significantly positively with all of the four types of aggression (P=0.007 to <0.001), “sociability with humans” correlated significantly negatively with child- and stranger-directed aggression (P<0.001). These results suggest that the behavioral traits involved in canine aggression differ among the types of aggression and that specific behavioral traits are frequently simultaneously involved in several types of aggression.

著者

呉羽 真

出版者

京都大学大学院文学研究科哲学研究室

雑誌

京都大学文学部哲学研究室紀要 : Prospectus

巻号頁・発行日

vol.11, 2009-03

著者

斉藤 寛海

出版者

イタリア学会

雑誌

イタリア学会誌 (ISSN:03872947)

巻号頁・発行日

no.34, pp.27-49, 1985-03-30

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Le aziende postali, che hanno ottenuto il ruolo principale del servizio postale nel corso della seconda meta del Trecento, organizzano diversi modi di distribuzione, cioe regolare ("scarsella"), proprio e vantaggio. Ma nello stesso tempo, per mandare i documenti si servono dei viaggiatori, vetturali, padroni delle navi e cosi via, per i quali il servizio postale non e affare proprio o principale. Quindi, in realta, si possono trovare tanti modi di distribuzione, e se ne puo scegliere il piu adatto per caso. La sfera geografica della comunicazione postale delle citta commerciali italiane e, come la sfera geografica del commercio stesso italiano, assai larga. Il tempo necessario per distribuire e regolato dalla lunghezza, la condizione naturale e sociale del percorso, nonche il modo di distribuzione. Considerando questi elementi regolatori, si puo calcolarlo piu o meno, e il negozio fra due punti e fatto, considerando il tempo di distribuzione. Le aziende commerciali fanno la comunicazione postale abbastanza spesso, ma naturalmente corrispondendo il carattere dei loro affari. I costi del servizio postale sono svariati, da gratis a grosse somme, secondo il percorso e il modo di distribuzione. Fra loro, i costi di distribuzione del modo regolare sono bassi, e rendono possibile economicamente la comunicazione quotidiana nonche regolare. La base principale della posta commerciale si trova nel modo regolare di distribuzione.

出版者

[教科書研究センター]

巻号頁・発行日

1996

著者

竹内 常行

出版者

公益社団法人 東京地学協会

雑誌

地学雑誌 (ISSN:0022135X)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.84, no.1, pp.1-19, 1975-02-28 (Released:2009-11-12)

被引用文献数

8 7

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When making paddy fields on a slope, the paddies, each with a level surface, must be made one by one in the form of a series of shelves or terraces. Paddy fields made in this manner are called “terraced paddy fields” or “shelf paddies” “tanada” in Japanese. Such paddy fields are found in various parts of the mountainous regions of Japan, and may roughly be divided into two categories, depending on the nature of the place where they are found. The first category includes terraced paddy fields that stretch in long, narrow lines along the bottom of small valley among the mountains. To the second category belong those that are found stretching on wide slopes. Terraced paddy fields belonging to the first category are found everywhere in mountainous regions. They are easy to make and their irrigation presents no problems. In the case of terraced paddy fields of the second category, however, because of the general complexity of the relief of the slopes where they are found, their making in such places requires great labor, and their irrigation is a difficult matter.The present writer conducted a study of 26 of the main terraced paddy fields belonging to the second category, and in each case, was convinced of the great pains and resourcefulness required to ensure the supply of irrigation water.In Japan, rice has been the main food crop since ancient times ; and until the Meiji period, it was the practice among farmers to pay their taxes in rice. Rice was the all-important element of economy, both for the central and local feudal lords until the Meiji period. This was the reason that, throughout the nation, the development and expansion of paddy fields were the two main concerns of the rulers as well as the farmers. This state of affairs continued until recent times. The present writer believes that it is possible to consider the existence of terraced paddy fields as one of the manifestations of the history of this type of rice-centered policy in the form of cultural landscapes seen in the land.In the present paper, the writer has chosen three typical regions, and he purposes to describe the development of the irrigation of the terraced paddy fields found in each of these regions.(1) The Wajima Region in the northern part of the Noto Peninsula.This region is the location of “Shirayone no Senmaida” (or “Numerous Small Terraced Paddy Fields of Shirayone”), which in recent years have come to attract the attention of tourists. There are monographs and books which state that the terraced paddy fields in this region are supplied with irrigation water by springs and rain water. The writer, however, has made clear in the present paper the fallacy of these claims. In the Edo period, in order to irrigate the terraced paddy fields in this region, long irrigation canals were dug to draw irrigation water from the upper reaches of rivers among the mountains, while irrigation reservoirs were made among the mountains to provide irrigation water. Examples of these irrigation systems are shown in Figures 1 and 2. The terraced paddy fields in this region are developed on slopes formed as a result of landslides.(2) The Obasute Region in Nagano Prefecture.This region is the location of terraced paddy fields widely reputed as “Tagoto no Tsuki” (or “The Moon Reflected in Each of Many Paddy Fields”). In this region, too, are found terraced paddy fields on slopes formed as a result of landslides. Concerning the terraced paddy fields in this region, there are books which state that they were supplied with irrigation water by springs and rain water, but the irrigation system in this region is not such a simple matter.

著者

片上 敏喜

出版者

経済地理学会

雑誌

経済地理学年報 (ISSN:00045683)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.56, no.1, 2010-03-30

著者

岡田 謙介

出版者

日本テスト学会

雑誌

日本テスト学会誌 (ISSN:18809618)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.7, no.1, pp.38-50, 2011-06

著者

田邉 國士

出版者

システム制御情報学会

雑誌

システム/制御/情報 : システム制御情報学会誌 (ISSN:09161600)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.51, no.2, pp.87-95, 2007-02-15

参考文献数

28

被引用文献数

1

著者

田中 重太郎

出版者

相愛女子大学相愛女子短期大学

雑誌

相愛女子大学相愛女子短期大学研究論集

巻号頁・発行日

vol.17, pp.138-130, 1970-01

著者

熊田 陽子 KUMADA Yoko

出版者

お茶の水女子大学大学院人間文化創成科学研究科

雑誌

人間文化創成科学論叢 (ISSN:13448013)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.13, pp.309-318, 2010