著者
山本 佳世子 亀山 秀雄
出版者
特定非営利活動法人 産学連携学会
雑誌
産学連携学 (ISSN:13496913)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.7, no.1, pp.1_42-1_55, 2010 (Released:2011-02-04)
参考文献数
32

産学官連携における関係者は新聞の情報コミュニケーションによって相互理解を深められる面がある.本研究では産業専門新聞のひとつである日刊工業新聞を採り上げ,2003-2008年の産学官連携の記事分析を行った.日刊工業新聞の大学・産学連携面を中心とする1761件の記事データベースを作成し,テーマや主体によって6年間の記事数増減の傾向に違いがあることを確かめた.明確な記事数の増加は国の施策ではなく,国の方針を念頭においた連載記事の掲載が主因だった.また重点施策でも専門性が高い内容では専門記者の寄与が欠かせないこと,国の支援が縮小に転じても,専門紙・専門記者のポリシーに基づく情報発信の継続がみられることを明らかにした.
著者
中谷内 一也
出版者
公益社団法人 日本心理学会
雑誌
心理学研究 (ISSN:00215236)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.69, no.3, pp.171-177, 1998-08-25 (Released:2010-07-16)
参考文献数
17
被引用文献数
2

Even when the amount of loss reduction is exactly the same, a protective action that leaves no loss may be valued more than others that leave some. It is called “zero-risk effect, ” which was examined in this study. One hundred and forty-four undergraduates rated their willingness to pay (WTP) for three protective actions that would leave 800, 400, or 0 deaths. Results showed that the WTP difference between actions resulting in 400 deaths and no death was larger than that between actions resulting in 800 deaths and 400 deaths. The effect was shown not only in a negative framing condition, but also in a positive one. The results thus established the robustness of zero-risk effect, which cannot be explained in terms of the negative framing effect. Finally, implications for risk management and risk communication were discussed.

2 0 0 0 OA 山地農作法

著者
近野 英吉
出版者
社団法人 砂防学会
雑誌
新砂防 (ISSN:02868385)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.1948, no.2, pp.29-30, 1948-11-20 (Released:2010-08-06)
著者
Li-Qiang QIN Jia-Ying XU Pei-Yu WANG Kazuhiko HOSHI
出版者
Center for Academic Publications Japan
雑誌
Journal of Nutritional Science and Vitaminology (ISSN:03014800)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.52, no.6, pp.428-436, 2006 (Released:2007-06-15)
参考文献数
61
被引用文献数
37 76 77

Many studies have suggested that the intake of soy products may protect against the occurrence of breast cancer because of the considerable amount of isoflavones they contain. To review the results of the observational studies, we performed this meta-analysis of the relevant literature. We searched Medline for reports that examined the association between soyfood consumption (or isoflavone intake) and breast cancer risk from January 1966 to April 2006. The random-effects model was used to estimate the pooled relative risk (RR). Twenty-one independent studies (14 case-control studies and 7 cohort studies) were included in the final analysis. The pooled RR of breast cancer for soyfood intake was 0.75 with a 95% CI of 0.59-0.95. As the main types of soyfood in Japan and China, tofu and miso showed clear protective effects. Isoflavone intake resulted in a 20% decrease in risk (RR=0.81, 95% CI 0.67-0.99). The pooled RR varied little according to study stratification. When the studies published in Japanese and Chinese were added, the inverse associations between soyfood, tofu and breast cancer risk became slightly stronger. The weak association of miso was possibly due to the high concentration of salt in miso soup. In the present analysis, we did not find strong evidence for publication bias in the combination of the studies. This meta-analysis supported the hypotheses that soyfood intake may be associated with a decreased risk of breast cancer due to the isoflavones. Further epidemiological studies need to be conducted with more comprehensive information about the soyfood, and more accurate assessment of the isoflavones.
著者
Kenji KAWAGUCHI Tomoaki UCHIYAMA Ken MURAMATSU
出版者
一般社団法人 日本機械学会
雑誌
Journal of Power and Energy Systems (ISSN:18813062)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.6, no.3, pp.378-393, 2012 (Released:2012-08-10)
参考文献数
25
被引用文献数
10

Fault Tree and Event Tree analysis is almost exclusively relied upon in the assessments of seismic Core Damage Frequency (CDF). In this approach, Direct Quantification of Fault tree using Monte Carlo simulation (DQFM) method, or simply called Monte Carlo (MC) method, and Binary Decision Diagram (BDD) method were introduced as alternatives for a traditional approximation method, namely Minimal Cut Set (MCS) method. However, there is still no agreement as to which method should be used in a risk assessment of seismic CDF, especially for uncertainty analysis. The purpose of this study is to examine the efficiencies of the three methods in uncertainty analysis as well as in point estimation so that the decision of selecting a proper method can be made effectively. The results show that the most efficient method would be BDD method in terms of accuracy and computational time. However, it will be discussed that BDD method is not always applicable to PSA models while MC method is so in theory. In turn, MC method was confirmed to agree with the exact solution obtained by BDD method, but it took a large amount of time, in particular for uncertainty analysis. On the other hand, it was shown that the approximation error of MCS method may not be as bad in uncertainty analysis as it is in point estimation. Based on these results and previous works, this paper will propose a scheme to select an appropriate analytical method for a seismic PSA study. Throughout this study, SECOM2-DQFM code was expanded to be able to utilize BDD method and to conduct uncertainty analysis with both MC and BDD method.
著者
Hak-Hyun RYU Byung-Jae KANG Sung-Su PARK Yongsun KIM Gyu-Jin SUNG Heung-Myong WOO Wan Hee KIM Oh-Kyeong KWEON
出版者
公益社団法人 日本獣医学会
雑誌
Journal of Veterinary Medical Science (ISSN:09167250)
巻号頁・発行日
pp.12-0065, (Released:2012-08-09)
被引用文献数
21 99 32

Previous animal studies have shown that transplantation of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) into spinal cord lesions enhances axonal regeneration and promotes functional recovery. We isolated the MSCs derived from fat, bone marrow, Wharton’s jelly and umbilical cord blood (UCB) positive for MSC markers and negative for hematopoietic cell markers. Their effects on the regeneration of injured canine spinal cords were compared. Spinal cord injury was induced by balloon catheter compression. Dogs with injured spinal cords were treated with only matrigel or matrigel mixed with each type of MSCs. Olby and modified Tarlov scores, immunohistochemistry, ELISA and Western blot analysis were used to evaluate the therapeutic effects. The different MSC groups showed significant improvements in locomotion at 8 weeks after transplantation (P<0.05). This recovery was accompanied by increased numbers of surviving neuron and neurofilament-positive fibers in the lesion site. Compared to the control, the lesion sizes were smaller, and fewer microglia and reactive astrocytes were found in the spinal cord epicenter of all MSC groups. Although there were no significant differences in functional recovery among the MSCs groups, UCB-derived MSCs (UCSCs) induced more nerve regeneration and anti-inflammation activity (P<0.05). Transplanted MSCs survived for 8 weeks and reduced IL-6 and COX-2 levels, which may have promoted neuronal regeneration in the spinal cord. Our data suggest that transplantation of MSCs promotes functional recovery after SCI. Furthermore, application of UCSCs led to more nerve regeneration, neuroprotection and less inflammation compared to other MSCs.
著者
原田 真一 伊藤 信之 衛藤 正雄 朝長 匡 岩崎 勝郎
出版者
西日本整形・災害外科学会
雑誌
整形外科と災害外科 (ISSN:00371033)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.45, no.4, pp.1126-1130, 1996-09-25 (Released:2010-02-25)
参考文献数
5

We report neuropathic arthropathy of the shoulder joint caused by syringomyelia and discuss the method of diagnosis and treatment.Three patients were treated and their ages were 41, 52 and 55 years respectively. In case No 1, there was swelling and the rapid destruction of the shoulder joint. Synovectomy was performed, however the ROM decreased markedly. Six months later, a shoulder joint replacement was carried out and a temporaly improvement of ROM was noticed. However it became worse gradually again and after ten years later she can abduct her arm only 40 degrees. In case No. 2, the synovectomy was performed, but the destruction of the joint progressed rapidly and the joint was dislocated anteriorly 6 months later. At present she has poor abduction of 60 degrees. In case No. 3, osteosynthesis was carried out for the humeral shaft fracture 5 years ago, however non-union and neuropathic arthropathy of the shoulder joint were diagnosed 3 years. later. Present ab-duction angle is 30 degrees.All these three cases had characteristics of massive swelling, rapid and progressive destruction of humeral head with slight pain.So far in Japan, 36 cases out of 42 cases of neuropathic arthropathy of the shoulder joint was caused by syringomyelia. However, the results of these cases were not satisfactory, even after performing synovectomy, prosthesis or arthrodesis because almost all the syringomyelia cases are slow and progressive and leads to the destruction of the joint.
著者
立石 裕二
出版者
日本社会学会
雑誌
社会学評論 (ISSN:00215414)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.56, no.4, pp.931-949, 2006-03-31 (Released:2009-10-19)
参考文献数
26
被引用文献数
1 1

科学委託とは, 行政が科学者に研究を委託し, その結論をもとに政策を実施する仕組みである.これまでの環境社会学は, 科学者を被害者と加害者の対立構造の中で捉えがちで, 科学者がそこから自律して動く可能性が十分に捉えられていなかった.本論文は, イタイイタイ病, 熊本水俣病, 四日市喘息を事例に, 科学と社会が自律しながらも相互作用するという観点に立って科学委託を分析することで, 科学委託を批判的に検討するための枠組みを提供することを目的とする.科学委託は, 研究内容が研究者に委ねられる自主型, 行政が特定調査を研究者に委託する限定型, 既存知見のとりまとめを委託する審議型の3形態に分けられる.科学委託の持つ意味は, 科学的知見が蓄積される前後で異なる.当該問題で知見が蓄積される前の自主型委託では, 学術的業績を挙げられる見込みが高く, 学術動機から研究者が積極的に取り組みがちである.業績を挙げた研究者は, 被害者側に立って積極的に研究・発言するようになる.これに対し, 蓄積後の委託や, 蓄積前でも研究内容の限られる限定型・審議型の委託では, 業績を挙げられる見込みが低く, 研究者は消極的に振る舞いがちであり, 意見が途中で変化しにくいため, 最初の人選が重要となる.こうして進められた科学委託は, 行政の姿勢や研究者のとりまとめ志向, 世論などに影響されつつとりまとめられ, 世論と相互作用しながら政策実施につながる.
著者
永廣 格
出版者
特定非営利活動法人 日本呼吸器外科学会
雑誌
日本呼吸器外科学会雑誌 (ISSN:09190945)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.23, no.5, pp.726-730, 2009-07-15 (Released:2009-12-14)
参考文献数
16

症例は59歳女性.咳嗽・喀痰・呼吸困難で近医を受診後胸部異常影で当科紹介となった.臥位では咳漱を生じるため半座位で眠っていた.来院時の血液検査ではWBC 14600/μl,CRP 12.9mg/dlと炎症所見を認めた.胸部X線では左横隔膜の挙上と拡張した大腸ガス像が左下肺野に認められた.胸部CTでは巨大結腸と左横隔膜の頭側への著明な圧排が認められた.主訴は呼吸器症状であり腹部臓器の観察の必要はないと考え胸腔側から手術を行った.左第7肋間開胸で弛緩した横隔膜を部分切除後マーレックスメッシュで補強した.術後呼吸器症状は改善し臥位でも睡眠できるようになった.横隔膜弛緩症を修復し巨大結腸を腹腔側へ圧排することに伴う腹部症状の悪化を懸念していたが,もともと存在した便秘以外は認めなかった.
著者
今枝 奈保美 徳留 裕子 藤原 奈佳子 永谷 照男 構 実千代 恒川 鈴恵 佐藤 信子 時実 正美 小出 弥生 宮井 好美 牧 信三 徳留 信寛
出版者
特定非営利活動法人 日本栄養改善学会
雑誌
栄養学雑誌 (ISSN:00215147)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.58, no.2, pp.67-76, 2000-04-01 (Released:2010-02-09)
参考文献数
26
被引用文献数
2 11

本報では, 107人の栄養士を対象に, 四季, 各季連続7日間の秤量法食事調査において, 記録原票の内容確認面接, 入力過誤修正の方法, 食品成分表の取り扱い, 食品のコーディング, 重量換算, 主要料理の標準レシピなどを検討したので報告した。延べ2,925日の食事記録は, 149,187行の食品コード・重量データとしてコーディングされ, 総出現食品数は1,160食品であった。成分表未収載食品や調理済み食品などのコード化が困難な事例は414食品あり, 今後の食事調査で参照するために分類整理して処理した。入力過誤の修正は, 目視により原票を照合した後, 各食品コードごとに生じやすい過誤の例を,“入力過誤検索用食品一覧データベース”にして, 食品コード・重量データを検索し修正した。その結果, 春期・夏期のデータでは, 73,266行中1,112行の過誤データが見つかり, 特に食品コードの修正に効果があった。大量の入力データの過誤修正にはコンピュータ検索が不可欠であった。食品コーディングや重量換算の精度を保つためには, 記録を確認する面接や詳細なマニュアルが必要であった。フォローアップ成分表未収載食品の取り扱い方法によって, 脂肪酸, 食物繊維摂取量を過小評価, あるいは過大評価する可能性があった。秤量法食事記録調査における入力過誤の修正と調査方法の標準化が必要であることが示唆された。
著者
酒井 丈夫 加藤 賢 新木 五月 岩崎 聡
出版者
耳鼻咽喉科展望会
雑誌
耳鼻咽喉科展望 (ISSN:03869687)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.42, no.1, pp.39-45, 1999-02-15 (Released:2011-03-18)
参考文献数
10

質問紙法によるアンケート調査によって難聴者の心理的な障害受容について検討した。質問項目は大別すると難聴者の聴力, 日常生活におけるコミュニケーション障害の程度を調査する項目群と, 障害受容についての項目群の2群に分けられる。便宜上, 50dB未満を軽度難聴, 50dB以上70dB未満を中等度難聴, 70dB以上を高度難聴とした。90人の難聴者のうち45人は高度難聴者であった。22.2%の難聴者は自らの障害の心理的受容が不十分であった。難聴が高度であればあるほど障害受容が困難になるということはなかった。自らの障害を否認する, 健常であった頃の自己を思慕するといった, 障害を心理的に受容してない障害者は抑うつなどの心理的な問題を抱えやすくなるといわれている。障害受容のために心理的治療を必要とする難聴者が少なからず存在することが示唆された。
著者
S. Levitus
出版者
CODATA
雑誌
Data Science Journal (ISSN:16831470)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.11, pp.46-71, 2012 (Released:2012-08-11)
参考文献数
71
被引用文献数
15 1

We document the history and progress of two international ocean data management projects. The "Global Oceanographic Data Archaeology and Rescue" project was initiated in 1993 under the auspices of the UNESCO Intergovernmental Oceanographic Commission (IOC). The project has the goal of locating (archaeology) and digitizing or copying to modern electronic media (rescuing) historical (pre-1992) oceanographic data that exist in manuscript or electronic media form that are at risk of loss due to media decay. The IOC "World Ocean Database" project initiated in 2001 focuses on encouraging international data exchange for the post-1991 period and the development of regional atlases.
著者
山田 忠史 繁田 健 今井 康治 谷口 栄一
出版者
公益社団法人 土木学会
雑誌
土木学会論文集D (ISSN:18806058)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.66, no.3, pp.359-368, 2010 (Released:2010-08-20)
参考文献数
26

本研究は,行政側の物資流動発生メカニズムや物流施策効果の適切な把握,および,企業側の施策理解に資するための,在庫費用を考慮したサプライチェーンネットワーク均衡モデルを提案する.製造業者,卸売業者,小売業者,消費市場,物流業者の分権的な意思決定や行動の相互作用を考慮した既存モデルに,消費市場での商品需要の不確実性に伴い発生する在庫費用を組み込み,各主体の意思決定の定式化,サプライチェーンネットワーク全体の均衡条件,および,その解法を示す.このモデルを用いて簡単な数値計算を行い,消費需要のばらつきや需要情報の共有が,物資流動量(商品取引量,生産量,輸送量)やサプライチェーンネットワークの効率性に及ぼす影響について,基礎的な考察を行う.
著者
Yoshimichi Fukuta Kunihiko Konisho Sachiko Senoo-Namai Seiji Yanagihara Hiroshi Tsunematsu Ayumi Fukuo Takashi Kumashiro
出版者
Japanese Society of Breeding
雑誌
Breeding Science (ISSN:13447610)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.62, no.1, pp.27-37, 2012 (Released:2012-03-20)
参考文献数
28
被引用文献数
9 20

A total of 18 rainfed upland New Rice for Africa (NERICA) varieties were categorized as the heavy panicle and low tillering types and early heading, in compared with 32 different varieties. These chromosome components were clarified using 243 SSR markers which showed polymorphism among NERICA varieties and their parents, CG 14 (O. glaberrima Steud.) and one of the recurrent parents, WAB-56-104 (O. sativa L.). NERICA varieties were classified into three groups, which corresponded with these parents’ continuation including two exceptions, NERICAs 14 and 17, by a cluster analysis using polymorphism data of SSR markers and 14 differential markers among them were selected to classify NERICA varieties. However, three groups: NERICAs, 3 and 4, NERICAs, 8, 9 and 11 and NERICAs, 15 and 16 were not distinguishable. Association analysis was carried out for characterization of NERICA varieties by using SSR markers genotype and phenotype of agronomic traits. A total of 131 quantitative trait loci between SSR markers and 11 agronomic traits were detected. The characteristics of early maturity and heavy panicle of upland NERICA varieties were succeeded from Asian rice varieties and the characteristics of high dry matter production and late heading were introduced from CG 14 and the other varieties.
著者
森 俊勇 井上 公夫 水山 高久 植野 利康
出版者
公益社団法人 砂防学会
雑誌
砂防学会誌 (ISSN:02868385)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.60, no.3, pp.44-49, 2007-09-15 (Released:2010-04-30)
参考文献数
21

As many as 19 landslide dams have been formed in the northern region of Nagano prefecture, central Japan, in last 500 years except one case. Of this number, seven were formed when the Zenkoji Earthquake occurred in 1847. This abundance is likely because of the geotectonic background of this area which is located at the western end of the “Fossa Magna, ” or Japan's central graben belt.The Tobata landslide occurred in the early morning of June 24, 1757 due to heavy rain. Blocking the Azusa River, which is upstream of the Shinano River, a landslide dam with a height of 130 m and a storage capacity of 85 million m3 was formed. Around 10 a.m. on the third day (54 hours later), this landslide dam burst and its water flooded the area up to the confluence with the Narai River. According to calculation using the Manning's formula, it is estimated that the flood water ran down the river in a concentrated path with a velocity of 12 m/s and a peak flow of 27, 000 m3/s.When the dam burst, local people were quickly ordered to evacuate and no casualties were caused during this flood.