著者
高橋 隆雄
出版者
熊本大学
雑誌
先端倫理研究 : 熊本大学倫理学研究室紀要 (ISSN:18807879)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.5, pp.1-17, 2010-03

1981年にイタリアの小説部門で最高のストレーガ賞を受賞した「薔薇の名前」は、イタリアの哲学者であるウンベルト・エーコの著作である。映画にもなったので観た人も多いだろう。中世末の北イタリアの修道院を舞台にして、皇帝とローマ教皇の世俗レベルでの争い、それを神学上の教義に移して繰り広げられる清貧論争、異端審問、複雑怪奇な構造と謎に満ちた文書館、そして連続殺人とその謎解きは、神学上のまた現実の迷宮へと読者を誘ってやまない。本稿では、「薔薇の名前」に登場する清貧論争を権利概念の誕生史の中で捉えなおしてみたい。In one scene of the bestselling novel Il Nome della Rosa written by famous Italian philosopher Umbert Eco, the characters in the novel engaged heatedly in Apostolic Poverty Controversy. The issue of the argument was whether Jesus and the Apostles had propriety over their belongings. When we read the novel within the background of the history of human rights theory, e.g., within the context of Natural Rights Theories: Their Origin and Development, written by R.Tuck, we can find that at the dawn of human rights theory such a controversy in the late Middle Ages played a crucial role.
著者
板倉 陽一郎
出版者
一般社団法人情報処理学会
雑誌
情報処理学会研究報告電子化知的財産・社会基盤(EIP) (ISSN:09196072)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.2006, no.128, pp.9-14, 2006-11-30

昨今,ブログやSNSが「炎上」したとの報道が後を断たない。「炎上」状態にあっては,民事・刑事的に名誉毀損にすら該当する批判的書き込みが溢れ返り,情報発信源は①閉鎖,②意見欄停止,③放置,などの対応を余儀なくされる。しかしながら,民事・刑事的な対応は稀である。本稿は,炎上状態の背景には「意図せぬ公人化」現象があると考える。「公人」概念を扱った裁判例の分析により,「公人」概念は幅を持ち,私人が「公人性」を備えることで名誉毀損からの保護が減弱するとの帰結が得られる。そして,「意図した公人化」と異なり,「意図せぬ公人化」においては保護減弱が不当であることを明らかにし,対応策として「公人」概念の不適用と名誉毀損罪の非親告罪化を提案する。These days, there is much news that blogs and SNS profiles are "burned". On "burned" blogs and SNS profiles, many libelous comments are posted, owners of them are forced 1)closing, 2)stopping space of comments, or 3)giving up. However, they scarcely institute civil action, or accuse them. In this paper, "Unintended being public figure" is supposed as a background of "burning". From Cases about "public figure", we can find that a concept of "public figure" has width, and to be "public figure", private figure lost protection from libels gradually. In the case of "Unintended being public figure", to lost protection is injustice, a concept of "public figure" must not be applied, and libel should not require accusation.
著者
上野 隆生
出版者
和光大学現代人間学部
雑誌
和光大学現代人間学部紀要 (ISSN:18827292)
巻号頁・発行日
no.3, pp.99-115, 2010-03

This article deals with the Italian School Textbooks, especially those of geography, published from 1920's to the first half of 1960's. My focus falls upon the Italian images of Japan──how they described Japan and things Japanese──and its transition. Naturally in the field of culture or belle arte important exchanges between Japan and Italy have been occurred since the end of Edo period. But the study of public images between the two nations has been less exhausted than we expect in the domain of modern Japanese history. This negligence seemed more queer in considering the intimate relations between the two countries as fascist powers in the late 1930's and in the first half of the 1940's. After the defeat of the fascist powers, democracy and economy appeared to have become the main interests of nations instead of the arrogant aggression and expanding the colonial-empire. So did it even in the ex-fascist nations. Then, what of the images of Japan in Italy? Even though my analysis is circumscribed by lack of comprehensive materials, for the purpose of gaining a better understanding of the Italian images of Japan for nearly fifty years in the midst of 20th century, the following might be a conclusion. First and foremost, we often read in the textbooks that Japan made such a successful takeout both in the economical and in the political dimensions. It was so surprising that almost every textbook, no matter when it was published, mentioned on that point. Not only in the pre-WWII period but also in the post-WWII period, it is clear that they are astonished at the speed of development of Japan. Secondly, they tried to grasp the reason of such rapid development. The reason of this rapidity always centered on the shrewd capability of Japanese people to imitate European civilization. At the same time, often mentioned is the fact that Japan lacked enough space, food and materials to nurture the Japanese people. There comes the striking difference between pre- and post-WWII. Before the WWII, they regarded this lack as a reason that Japan conquered Korea, China, and Southeast Asia. In other words, it was well "justified" for Japan to annex these area. After the WWII, on the other hand, they come to think that over-population and material shortage compelled Japanese industry to become more labor-intensive and effective, which has been the essential characteristic of Japanese industries. Therefore Japanese products can be competitive everywhere in the world. Thirdly, with a feeling of marvels, they introduced Japanese ways of life, beautiful sceneries such as Inland See, and Japanese culture. It has been more mentioned in detail than we had ex pected. A particular emphasis is laid on the contrast between the highly modernized industrial apparatus and the traditional way of life. In a nutshell, reviewing the Italian school textbooks of geography, an ambivalent image has existed about Japan, that is, wonder and menace. When it comes to the rapidity of Westernization, a feeling of wonder cast a long shadow of the images of Japan in Italy. But at once looking from the viewpoint of geopolitics or the rapidity of Japanese expansion into Asia and the Pacific, a feeling of menace emerged into the images of Japan. This ambivalence seems to have created the prototype of the images of Japan in Italy.
著者
森岡 次郎
出版者
The Japanese Society for the Philosophy of Education
雑誌
教育哲学研究 (ISSN:03873153)
巻号頁・発行日
no.93, pp.102-121, 2006
被引用文献数
1

The purpose of this paper is to examine new eugenics and education.<BR>For the last several years, such ideas as "Designers Baby" and "Perfect Baby" have been discussed in terms of "New Eugenics". This idea means the artificial production of babies by genetic technology according to the desire of parents. If educational values can be realized to some extent by genetic technology, new eugenics will necessitate our views on education to change. From this perspective, this paper examines the implications of new eugenics for education.<BR>First of all, the history of eugenics is surveyed and new eugenics is positioned historically. Here, new eugenics can be positioned in an eugenical trend after the 1970s. Next, the theoretical features of new eugenics are clarified in its contrast to old eugenics. This makes it clear that new eugenics is based on the principle of selfdetermination and on the principle of scientific validity. (2) <BR>Then, the criticisms of new eugenics are reviewed. Here, by considering Glen McGee's and others' arguments, it becomes clear that any fatal criticism of new eugenics does not exist yet. However, in the argument by Jürgen Habermas, education and new eugenics are distinguished in view of the existence of "others." It enables us to find out a positive value to the conditions of "others" in education that cannot be fully satisfied. (3) <BR>Finally, it is clarified from the standpoint of the system theory of Niklas Luhmann that children as "others" are indispensable as the media in an educational system. Based on Emmanuel Levinas' concept of "désir", I present the point of view of "the desire for others", one that gives a positive value to the "existence of others". (4) <BR>"New eugenics" and education have affinity in terms of operational intervention in children. However, from the point of view of "the desire for others", it becomes clear that both are fundamentally in conflict.
著者
門田 誠一
出版者
佛教大学歴史学部
雑誌
歴史学部論集 (ISSN:21854203)
巻号頁・発行日
no.1, pp.15-32, 2011-03

朝鮮三国時代の新羅の金石文と日本古代の文献には牛を殺して盟誓や祭儀を行うといわゆる殺牛祭祀が記されている。とくに新羅の殺牛祭祀は近年になって発見された金石文にみえるので、日本古代の殺牛との比較研究は少なく、また、中国の供犠や祭祀に伴う殺牛との比較も十分とはいえなかった。本論では新羅と古代日本の殺牛祭祀を相互に比較するとともに、中国の文献や考古資料にみえる牛を用いた犠牲や祭祀をも参照しつつ、それらとの対比から東アジアにおける新羅と古代日本で行われた殺牛祭祀の各々の特質を示し、あわせて両者には系譜性があることを論じた。東アジア古代金石文殺牛祭祀
著者
目崎 登 佐々木 純一 庄司 誠 岩崎 寛和 江田 昌佑
出版者
社団法人日本産科婦人科学会
雑誌
日本産科婦人科學會雜誌 (ISSN:03009165)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.36, no.2, pp.247-254, 1984-02-01
被引用文献数
10

スポーツトレーニングが生殖生理機能,特に月経現象に及ぼす影響について,筑波大学女子運動部員174名を対象として,アンケート調査した.各スポーツの運動量から,激しいスポーツをA群100名,比較的軽いスポーツをB群74名とした.なお,特別な運動歴のない本学一般学生137名を対照群とした.1)身体的特徴:体格の指標として体内水分量/体重比を用いた.対照群は数値の高い方への分布が多く,運動選手は低値への分布が多い.平均値は,夫々52.6±2.4%(Mean±SD),51.7±1.9%(p>0.001)である.すなわち,運動選手の方が体内水分量が少なく,脂肪量が多く,体格が立派である.2)月経:持続日数の平均は対照群5.8±0.9日,A群5.6±1.0日,B群5.8±1.1日である.過長月経の頻度は対照群0.0%,運動選手3.O%(p<0.05).月経血量こついて,少量とする者は対照群2.9%,A群10.0%(p<0.05),B群14.9%(p<0.001).すなわち,運動選手は少量の月経が長期間持続する傾向にある.3)月経困難症:各群とも主症状は下腹痛と腰痛である.日常生活に著しい支障をきたし服薬する者は,対照群17.5%,運動選手9.8%(p<0.05)である.4)月経周期:稀発月経,頻発月経の頻度に差は危い.不整周期症は対照群10.9%,A群25.0%(p<0.01),B群18.9%である.すなわち,激しいスポーツトレーニングにより,月経周期の異常が発生しやすい.5)月経周期とコンディション:良い時期は月経後1週間と月経と月経の中間期.悪い時期は月経期間中と月経前1週間.6)月経周期の調節:実行中1.2%,以前は実行した5.2%,実行したいが心配15.0%,考えたことたし78.0%.運動選手ではその月経現象に異常の頻度が高いので,将来の妊娠・分娩などを含めた生殖生理機能についても考慮した,婦人科的た保健管理が必要である.