著者

井上 達夫

出版者

日本法哲学会

雑誌

法哲学年報 (ISSN:03872890)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.2005, pp.58-70,198, 2006-10-30 (Released:2010-02-15)

参考文献数

14

---

The present paper reconstructs the idea of rule of law as a response to the persistence of human conflicts and defends it against the criticism that it hides and speciously rationalizes the rule of men. It is pointed out that Hobbes, who correctly rejected Coke's perception of rule of law as a groundless defense of social tyranny of feudal powers including religious forces, provided a deep insight into the problem of human conflicts which even the Hobbesian social contract cannot overcome. This insight is developed by arguing that the establishment of the state as a collective decision making system and enforcement mechanism cannot prevent the persistent human con-flicts from degenerating into the violent clashes in the state of nature unless the state's power structure is subjected to the governance of the principles which enables the losers of the strife in political decision making process to accept its outcomes as something beyond the victor's justice and pay deference to the winners. The rule of law is reinterpreted and defended as constituting the governance of such principles. This implies that the rule of law constitutes the conditions of the legitimacy of law as distinguished form its rightness. A further elaboration of this point is given by showing that Jeremy Waldron's normative-positivist defense of the dignity of democratic legislation as a response to “the circumstances of politics” helps to clarify the distinction between the legitimacy and rightness of law although it fails to solve the question of what constitutes the conditions of legitimacy. It is concluded that an adequate answer to this question is provided by the “strong structural interpretation” of rule of law. The rule of law on this interpretation protects the proto-right to justice-review of the outcomes of constitutional as well as legislative strife and subjects them to the test of the universalizable and reversible justification which underlies competing conceptions of justice as their common conceptual core.

著者

齊藤 智樹 熊野 善介

出版者

一般社団法人 日本科学教育学会

雑誌

日本科学教育学会研究会研究報告 (ISSN:18824684)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.30, no.9, pp.51-56, 2015 (Released:2018-04-07)

参考文献数

19

---

著者らは,科学教育研究における科学的な研究方法論についての研究の手始めとして,NRC(National Research Council, 2002)が示した科学的原則や研究デザイン(計画)の原則を示し,それがいわゆる自然科学と何ら変わらないことを示した.同様に,混合研究法(Creswell・Plano Clark, 2007)にまつわる哲学から,量的な検討や質的な検討のどちらを採用しているかといった方法論が,研究を科学的なものにしている訳ではないことを指摘し,プラグマティズムの基礎となる可謬主義から,現代的教育課題とその実践的・実証的研究との関連性を述べた.また,アクション・リサーチ(Action Research)とデザイン研究(Design-based Research)の比較から,これらを理論的枠組みと捉え,議論可能な文法を持った方法を構築し,その方法論を議論していくという,これからの科学的な教育研究の方向性について考察した.

著者

芝田 進午

出版者

日本哲学会

雑誌

哲学 (ISSN:03873358)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.1979, no.29, pp.55-64, 1979-05-01 (Released:2009-07-23)

著者

鍋島 直樹

出版者

The Japanese Society for the History of Economic Thought

雑誌

経済学史学会年報 (ISSN:04534786)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.31, no.31, pp.67-79, 1993 (Released:2010-08-05)

参考文献数

26

---

This paper examines some problems in Keynes's social philosophy. Especially, we consider what economic system Keynes envisioned by focusing on themes of freedom, planning and socialism.In The Economic Consequence of the Peace (1919), Keynes recognized that the foundation of existing social order was fragile. From this perspective, he turned to reject laissez-faire capitalism. Nevertheless freedom continued to be the essential principle for his thought. In short, he thought that freedom was to be defended, although laissez-faire could not do this task. Therefore Keynes advocated introducing some elements of planning to defend freedom. Namely laissez-faire was not a sacred element of liberalism for him.Keynes was opposed to national socialism. It was not because he did not sympathize with socialistic intentions and purposes, but because he considered that Marxism was an old-fashioned doctrine and it could not overcome the distress of Britain in those days. Keynes called his own political belief ‘liberal socialism’ or ‘new liberalism’. It meant the system which was based on private ownership of the means of production and was characterised by active interventions of the state. The policy for this vision was a ‘socialization of the investment’. Keynes attached importance to the freedom of individuals and the diversity of life above all. Hence he finally prefered to defend the free enterprise system, and tried to reform it.

著者

福間 聡

出版者

国士舘大学哲学会

雑誌

国士舘哲学 (ISSN:13432389)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.17, 2013-03

著者

山田 利明

出版者

東洋大学国際哲学研究センター(「エコ・フィロソフィ」学際研究イニシアティブ)事務局

雑誌

「エコ・フィロソフィ」研究 = Eco-Philosophy (ISSN:18846904)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.12, pp.15-23, 2018-03

---

Zhao Wenlin and Xie Shujun coauthored History of Chinese Population (People's Publishing House, 1988) was the first book scientifically calculating changes in population seen in Chinese history. Reforms and open-door policies following the Great Cultural Revolution first enabled this book to be published, which gives an exhaustive good picture of the bright and dark sides of Chinese history from the standpoint of changes in population. Contrasting this book with Taketoshi Sato’s Chronology of Chinese Disaster History (Kokushokankokai Inc., 1993) reveals that a principal cause of population decline was starvation.In this article, I reveal from descriptions of history books the circumstances at the time population halved and discuss the true state thereof.

著者

笹澤 豊

出版者

筑波大学出版会

巻号頁・発行日

pp.1-284, 2009-01

著者

大西 琢朗

出版者

京都大学哲学論叢刊行会

雑誌

哲学論叢 (ISSN:0914143X)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.33, pp.43-54, 2006

---

"In Grundlagen, Frege claims that (cardinal) numbers are objects existing on their own. But his realistic view about numbers faces an epistemological problem. For Frege, while numbers are objective entities, they can’t be given to us in standard ways (perception, intuition or representation). Numbers are abstract objects. It is natural then to ask: why would Frege adopt such a problematic ontology of numbers? And, how can we say for certain that there are indeed such abstract objects? This paper tackles these two questions. For the former, I give a characterization of his conception of numbers in terms of his logicist project and the insights underlying it, and show that for Frege numbers must be ‘logical objects’. To establish existence of numbers as logical objects, Frege in Grundlagen attempts to define them contextually by using so-called Hume’s Principle. I examine his argument, thereby attempting to provide an answer to the second question. Though a conclusive justification for his attempt can’t be given in this paper, a concept in Frege’s philosophy is proposed in order to better understand his argument. If developed, I am of the opinion that it might be possible for his ontology of numbers to be come less unproblematic and more substantial. Frege’s discussion on numbers contains compelling insights and arguments. It is my hope that some of these are revealed through this exposition."

著者

河本 英夫[評者] カワモト ヒデオ Hideo Kawamoto

雑誌

境界を越えて : 比較文明学の現在

巻号頁・発行日

vol.22, pp.183-189, 2022-02

著者

木村 洋

出版者

日本近代文学会

雑誌

日本近代文学 (ISSN:05493749)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.105, pp.32-47, 2021-11-15 (Released:2022-11-23)

---

とくに一九〇〇年代において文学と哲学は、社会道徳や国家に反抗する個人主義者たちの精神活動の土台になった。こうした動向が、小栗風葉の小説「さめたる女」(一九〇一年)のように、哲学的な知見に支えられた新しい女性像を生み出した。そして一九〇六年には哲学者風の女学生の過激な主張が話題を呼ぶ。一九〇〇年代に統治権力や保守派論客が哲学を有害と見るようになるのもそのためだった。平塚らいてうもこうした女哲学者の系譜の一員なのである。森田草平『煤煙』(一九〇九年)では、哲学的な思索を通じて社会道徳に反抗する平塚らいてうの姿が詳しく書き留められている。明治時代の思想界はこのように女哲学者の育成を通じて、自己を更新するきっかけを手に入れた。

著者

河野 哲也 コウノ テツヤ Tetsuya Kono

雑誌

立教大学教育学科研究年報

巻号頁・発行日

vol.64, pp.251-267, 2021-03-31

著者

古荘 匡義

出版者

宗教哲学会

雑誌

宗教哲学研究 (ISSN:02897105)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.38, pp.48-60, 2021-03-31 (Released:2021-11-02)

---

To place Tsunashima Ryosen’s thought in the context of the philosophy of religion in Japan, the study clarifies the development of his philosophy of religion with the deepening of his religious experience. Until 1903, his philosophy of religion intendedto elucidate the reasons behind the objective reality and authority of religious symbols created by subjectivity. However, as he began to feel the existential God in 1903, he considered such thought unnecessary. Instead, he aimed to verbalize the human conditions of the Son of God by means of Christian and Pure Land Buddhist ideas. Furthermore, he began to practice Christian and Pure Land Buddhist prayer. In this manner, he developed his philosophy of religion as a post-religious philosophy that utilized the philosophy of religion and religious traditions. To the best of my knowledge, such thought is worthy of being placed at the origin of the philosophy of religion in Japan.

著者

朝倉 友海

出版者

西田哲学会

雑誌

西田哲学会年報 (ISSN:21881995)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.12, pp.151-165, 2015 (Released:2020-03-21)

---

This paper attempts to show the characteristics of Tiantai’s perfect teaching(yuanjiao)in Nishida’s philosophy of basho. This is an alternative to a certain type of Nishida interpretation that emphasizes influences from Huayan Buddhism and the Awakening of Faith in Nishida’s metaphysics, especially in his later notion of absolutely contradictory identity. These Buddhist doctrines as well as Yogācāra Buddhism are classified by Tiantai Buddhism as distinctive teaching(biejiao), not perfect teaching. This paper clarifies that the characteristics of the theory of basho cannot be found in distinctive teaching although Nishida’s theory of cognitive act indeed shows similarities to Yogācāra Buddhism. Following Mou Zongsan’s(1909―95)and Andō Toshio’s(1909―73)interpretation, I argue that Tiantai Buddhism, in its elucidation of the ontological stratum as the envelopment of cognitive act, has the same metaphysical structure as that found in Nishida’s logic of basho, which further crystallizes into the principle of contradictory identity.

著者

大峰 光博

出版者

日本体育・スポーツ哲学会

雑誌

体育・スポーツ哲学研究 (ISSN:09155104)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.41, no.1, pp.47-54, 2019 (Released:2019-09-20)

参考文献数

40

---

In this article, I explore, through the prism of Yoshimichi Nakajima’s discrimination theory, the structural aspects of sport that generate discrimination. According to Nakajima, discriminati on does not only occur when people find someone unpleasant and start feeling hatred or contem pt toward that person; it also occurs when people find someone threatening and then take pride in themselves, or in the group with whom they affiliate and become filled with a sense of superi ority. In this study, I demonstrated that sport matches and training sessions incessantly produce feelings of unpleasantness, hatred, contempt, fear, pride, and superiority.On the matter of how to deal with discrimination, Nakajima argued that people need to thor oughly criticize the discrimination feelings of others. He also asserted that people should feel th emselves indebted to those born with inferior capacities, or those who are less fortunate. When engaging the discrimination that arises in sports, the winners in a match should feel indebted to the losers or to the less able competitors. However, athletes who wish to pursue excellence must not be bound by such a sentiment toward losers and instead must ceaselessly strive to improve their own performance. Moreover, what impresses people in sport are overwhelming performa nces by athletes who are never satisfied with being on the same level as other athletes. Thus, I demonstrated that sport has unique structural aspects that generate discrimination that excepti onal athlete should not feel indebted to the losers.

著者

舟越 耿一

出版者

日本法哲学会

雑誌

法哲学年報 (ISSN:03872890)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.1988, pp.62-78, 1989-10-30 (Released:2008-11-17)

参考文献数

25

著者

栗田 英彦

出版者

日本宗教学会

雑誌

宗教研究 (ISSN:03873293)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.89, no.3, pp.471-494, 2015-12-30 (Released:2017-07-14)

---

本論文では、哲学者・井上哲次郎によって構想された将来の宗教-「倫理的宗教」-と、それに対する改革派宗教者らの批判から、「修養」と呼ばれる宗教性を帯びたカテゴリーが生まれてきたことを論じる。明治三〇年代における教育からの宗教の排除と倫理教育への宗教の必要性という矛盾した要求のなかで、井上も宗教者らも新しい宗教のあり方を模索していた。それゆえ、宗教者たちは倫理的宗教論の抽象性を批判しつつ、その諸聖賢などの理想の人格や内観や坐禅といった具体的な実践をそこに結びつけることで、より実践的な倫理的宗教、すなわち「修養」を生み出した。さまざまな論者によって「修養」概念は用いられ、倫理と宗教、宗教と宗教の境界を超えて展開する超宗教的なカテゴリーとして、戦前日本で幅広い影響を与えることになったのである。

著者

上野 修

出版者

山口大学

雑誌

山口大学哲学研究 (ISSN:0919357X)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.8, pp.1-20, 1999

---

The author by applying the Lacanian notion of "the Other"(l'Ature) to Davidson's Radical Interpretation Theory proposes a primal T-sentence hypothesis ― 'φ' is true iff φ― to make account for child's language learning, and draws the conclusion that truth such as defined in Tarskian fashion would entail "Urverdrӓngung" on the part of learning child, who so learning is supposed to identify itself with the truth condition of the primal token addressed by the Other viz. mother who bears the obscure authority of truth witness.

著者

片山 善博

出版者

日本福祉大学社会福祉学部

雑誌

日本福祉大学社会福祉論集 = Journal social Welfare, Nihon Fukushi University (ISSN:1345174X)

巻号頁・発行日

no.140, pp.21-38, 2019-03-31

---

岡村は,自身の地域福祉の思想の根底に和辻の哲学(倫理学)があることを示唆している.そして和辻の哲学は,岡村理論の大枠を規定している.筆者は,岡村理論が和辻の哲学からどのように影響を受け,またそれをどのように批判的に継承しているのかを,和辻の哲学にさかのぼって,検討した.その上で,岡村が人間理解や共同体理解にとって重要とみなした「主体性」「生活者」「多元主義的社会」などの概念が,現代の社会福祉の人間理解や共同体理解にとっていかに重要な視点を持つのかを明らかにすると同時に,こうした概念に対する批判についても検討した.また岡村は,人間理解の方法として,和辻の書物を通して理解した「解釈学」の方法を採用するが,昨今,「現象学」の方法が見直される中,改めて「解釈学」の方法の意義を説明した.ただし,岡村の「主体性」や「共同体」論には,<他者性>の契機が弱い.承認論の視点を組み入れることで,岡村理論が現代的有効性を持ちうることを示した.

著者

垂谷 茂弘

出版者

宗教哲学会

雑誌

宗教哲学研究 (ISSN:02897105)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.5, pp.78-95, 1988 (Released:2018-03-15)

---

The “individuation” is the process of breaking away from “participation mystique.” The participation mystique is based on “identity,” an a priori oneness of subject and object, which can be thought of as the ‘unconscious’ itself. The process of individuation is, finally, the separation of subject from object. Then the problem is whether the identity between subject and object disappears when one realizes his whole personality (the self). Jung himself thinks we cannot become conscious of the entire unconsious. So, the identity must remain even in self-realization. We can sublate (aufheben) the inner and outer worlds only through symbolism. Even then we must preserve the distinction between them. However, there ought to be something fundamental that underlies the two worlds. Then the suspicion will arise that symbolism, especially that pertaining to synchronicity, is a movement back to the participation mystique. I try to prove the individuation is not the work of a single individual, but the dialectical cooperative work of the consciousnesses and the unconscious of “I and thou.” The foundation of this work is the identity, which in clinical psychology is treated as the problem of transference. In chapter 2, I investigate the union of the self and the “unus mundus,” following Jung’s final line of thought with regard to the question of the identity. I demonstrate, however, that Jung wouldn’t go beyond the psychological framework. Thus, I find the foundation of Jung’s thought in the concept of “numinous” experience and the “world-creating significance of the consciousness”.

著者

竹之内 裕文

出版者

東北哲学会

雑誌

東北哲学会年報 (ISSN:09139354)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.37, pp.95-117, 2021 (Released:2022-03-04)