著者

富谷 玲子 Tomiya Reiko

出版者

神奈川大学

雑誌

神奈川大学言語研究 (ISSN:09153136)

巻号頁・発行日

no.32, pp.59-78, 2009

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Foreign residents in Japan called "newcomers" have been increasing since the late 1970s. Japanese language support for newcomers was started by citizen volunteers around the mid 1980s, and these "community language classes" now exist nationwide. Nowadays Japanese language support for newcomers is called "Japanese language education in community" and has come to be focused on as one area of investigation in Japanese language teaching research. This paper aims to review Japanese language education in community from a critical point of view. First, the ignificance and limitations of citizen volunteers who have been contributing Japanese language education in community are discussed. Second, problems related to constituent member(Japanese and newcomers)in community classrooms from the viewpoint ofnewcomers are presented. Finally, the reasons why there has been little or no discussion incorporating newcomers themselvesas a concerned-party are analyzed. In order for newcomers to be able to fully participate in the society, it is indispensable to guarantee the community language, that is, to guarantee opportunities to learn the Japanese language. This paper points out the necessity to establish a system to provide opportunities to newcomers. It also points out the necessity for both Japanese people and newcomers themselves to question the significance of Japanese language learning.

出版者

北海道

巻号頁・発行日

vol.明治19年, 1892

出版者

公益社団法人 日本数学教育学会(旧 社団法人 日本数学教育会)

雑誌

日本数学教育会誌 (ISSN:0021471X)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.45, no.6, pp.43-48, 1963 (Released:2021-10-01)

著者

鈴木 信吾

出版者

イタリア学会

雑誌

イタリア学会誌 (ISSN:03872947)

巻号頁・発行日

no.36, pp.102-121, 1986-10-30

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Sull'ordine delle parole in italiano, diverse grammatiche fissano la "costruzione, diretta", secondo cui l'ordine normale, ossia non-marcato, sarebbe SV(O) (dove V sta a indicare sia il predicato verbale che quello nominale). Nel presente articolo esaminiamo se sia davvero valido l'ordine non-marcato costituito dalla "costru-zione diretta". Per esaminare cio bisogna tener presente il principio che la frase con ordine non-marcato (data l'intonazione normale) non richiede un contesto particolare, pertanto essa e usabile anche ex abrupto, senza contesto precedente. Stabilito tale criterio, risulta in dubbio la "costruzione diretta" nel caso che il verbo indichi un "accadimento" (p. es. cadere, morire ecc.). Questo tipo di verbi infatti ammette tutti e due gli ordini SV e VS nel contesto ex abrupto : Giovanni e caduto vs. E caduto Giovanni. Peggio ancora qualora si abbia "UN+nome" come soggetto : Un bambino e caduto vs. E caduto un bambino in cui generalmente la seconda frase (VS) e di gran lunga piu naturale della prima (SV), il che violerebbe la "costruzione diretta". Nel corso della trattazione presentiamo l'analisi di Antinucci-Cinque che fa uso della informazione DATA e NUOVA. Essi, per determinare l'ordine di base, spingono avanti la generalizzazione che l'elemento offerto come DATO precede quello NUOVO. Dobbiamo, del resto, ai due autori una soluzione riguardante i verbi di "accadimento" : Giovanni e caduto per terra vs. E caduto Giovanni per terra in cui ex abrupto e decisamente migliore la prima frase (SVX, dove X=com-plemento circostanziale). Vediamo alla fine come poter conciliare la naturalezza di SVX con quella della frase VS avente "UN+nome" come soggetto. A proposito della informazione DATA e NUOVA, constatiamo che "UN+nome" vale solo come NUOVO (salvo nell'uso generico) di pari passo con i pronomi clitici che, all'opposto, valgono sempre come DATI. Ora, se gli ordini ammessi a questo tipo di elementi sono strettamente limitati anche a danno dell'ordine di base, possiamo postulare che l'elemento esclusivamente o DATO o NUOVO non ci offre nessun criterio valido per stabilire l'ordine non-marcato delle parole. Escludendo dunque l'elemento "UN+nome" dalla considerazione, possiamo ottenere la conclusione che SV(X) e l'or-dine non-marcato. Il nostro risultato corrisponde praticamente a quello di Antinucci-Cinque, che include anche l'ordine naturale dato dalla "costruzione diretta".

著者

板橋 悦子

雑誌

常民文化

巻号頁・発行日

no.26, pp.41-62, 2003-03

出版者

明昇堂

巻号頁・発行日

1888

著者

立石 直子

出版者

岐阜大学

雑誌

若手研究(B)

巻号頁・発行日

2010

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諸外国の立法においては、DV事案での離婚手続や子どもの処遇について、さまざまな配慮がなされている。それは、一方配偶者のDV加害が、他方配偶者に与える影響は大きく、また子どもへの被害・影響も少なくないとの認識からである。日本では、離婚後の共同親権制の導入や面接交渉が評価される傾向にあるが、諸外国にならい、とりわけDV事案における離婚後の共同親権やDV加害者との面接交渉については、子どもの福祉の視点から、検討すべき課題が残されている。

著者

榎園 淳一

出版者

公益社団法人 日本薬理学会

雑誌

日本薬理学雑誌 (ISSN:00155691)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.134, no.2, pp.78-81, 2009 (Released:2009-08-12)

参考文献数

14

被引用文献数

1

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薬物の多くは,血漿中でアルブミンやα1-酸性糖タンパクなどのタンパク質へ結合している.アルブミンは脂溶性の高い酸性化合物,α1-酸性糖タンパクは塩基性化合物に対し高い親和性を示す.タンパクへ結合した薬物は細胞膜を透過することができないため,血漿中の遊離型薬物のみが組織に分布して薬効や毒性を発現し,代謝や排泄を受けて体内から除去される.したがって,血漿中タンパク結合は薬物の体内動態や薬効,毒性に多大な影響を及ぼす.血漿中タンパク結合には種差があり,体内動態や薬効,毒性の種差の原因となる.また,血漿中タンパク結合は病態や薬物間相互作用によっても変動し,薬効の減弱や副作用の増強など臨床上好ましくない現象を引き起こす場合がある.したがって,薬物の血漿中タンパク結合は医薬品の探索・開発を通じて評価しなければならない重要な項目の一つである.

著者

奈良 由美子

出版者

日本リスクマネジメント学会

雑誌

危険と管理 (ISSN:09110992)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.52, pp.81-95, 2021 (Released:2021-05-17)

著者

松山米太郎 編

出版者

秋豊園

巻号頁・発行日

vol.三斉公傅書全, 1933

著者

大塚 和朗

出版者

医学書院

巻号頁・発行日

pp.694-695, 2021-05-24

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内視鏡の深部小腸への挿入は,通常内視鏡では困難である.Akermanら1)により,2008年に発表されたスパイラル内視鏡(spiral enteroscopy ; SE)は,内視鏡本体にらせん状のフィンのある外筒を装着し,これを助手が回転させて腸管を手繰り寄せることにより,深部挿入を可能とする.単純な操作で,高い挿入性と安定性を持っている.

著者

Kenji Suetsugu Chie Tsutsumi

出版者

The Japanese Society for Plant Systematics

雑誌

Acta Phytotaxonomica et Geobotanica (ISSN:13467565)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.72, no.2, pp.153-160, 2021-06-30 (Released:2021-06-30)

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Liparis koreojaponica Tsutsumi, T. Yukawa, N. S. Lee, C. S. Lee & M. Kato var. kiiensis Suetsugu & Tsutsumi (Orchidaceae) from Nara Prefecture, Japan is described as a new variety. It is similar to L. koreojaponica var. koreojaponica, but differs in spacing of the flowers (ca. 1.5 cm apart in the former vs. ca. 2 cm apart in L. koreojaponica var. koreojaponica), length ratio of rachis/inflorescence (1/3–1/2 vs. 1/4–1/3 in L. koreojaponica var. koreojaponica) and length of the labellum (13–15 mm long vs. 9–12 mm long in L. koreojaponica var. koreojaponica).

著者

片岡 泰彦

出版者

大東文化大学

雑誌

経営論集 (ISSN:13462059)

巻号頁・発行日

no.15, pp.43-62, 2008-02

著者

Kakui Keiichi Nomaki Hidetaka Komatsu Hironori Fujiwara Yoshihiro

出版者

Oxford University Press

雑誌

Biological Journal of the Linnean Society (ISSN:00244066)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.131, no.3, pp.566-574, 2020

被引用文献数

5

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Information on the extent, diversity and connectivity of populations is lacking for most deep-sea invertebrates. Species of the order Tanaidacea (Crustacea), one of the most diverse and abundant macrofaunal groups in the deep sea, are benthic, lack a planktonic larval stage, and thus would be expected to have narrow distributional ranges. However, with molecular evidence from the COI gene, we show here that the deep-sea tanaidacean Carpoapseudes spinigena has a distributional range spanning at least 3700 km, from off northern Japan to the south-eastern Bering Sea. Living individuals found in a sediment core indicated that the species is a sedentary burrower. COI analyses revealed a low level of genetic diversity overall, and low differentiation (p-distance, 0.2–0.8%) between the Japan and Bering Sea populations. One hypothesis to explain the low genetic diversity over a broad region is that the Japan population was founded by individuals transported by ocean currents from the Bering Sea. However, due to limited data, other explanations cannot be ruled out. Our results indicate that continued sampling is of fundamental importance to understanding how genetic and taxonomic diversity originate and are maintained in the deep sea.

著者

宮縁 育夫 飯塚 義之 遠入 楓大 大倉 敬宏

出版者

特定非営利活動法人 日本火山学会

雑誌

火山 (ISSN:04534360)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.66, no.3, pp.157-169, 2021-09-30 (Released:2021-10-29)

参考文献数

19

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Prior to the onset of magmatic activity at the Nakadake first crater, Aso Volcano (SW Japan) from July 2019 to June 2020, multiple small eruptions occurred between April and May 2019. The May 3-5 eruption was one of the largest events during the pre-magmatic activity period. An ash-fall deposit from the early stage of that eruption (15 : 00-18 : 00 in JST on May 3) was distributed to the south of the source crater, whereas the ash erupted after 20 : 00 on May 3 was dispersed southwestwards. The May 3 15 : 00-18 : 00 ash was composed mainly of fine particles (<0.25 mm in diameter) and fell as accretionary lapilli (<0.8 mm). In contrast, ash after 20 : 00 on May 3 consisted mainly of 0.5 mm grains but lacked silt and clay content. Based on an isomass map, the total discharged mass of the May 3-5, 2019 eruption was about 700 tons. Although lithic (50 %) and altered glass (30-40 %) grains were dominant in both ash-fall deposits, they also included small amounts of black to pale-brown fresh glass shards (2-4 %) inferred to be juvenile material originating from newly ascending magma. After the May 3-5 event, small ash emissions occurred intermittently until July 2019. The proportions of fresh glass shards included in the May-July 2019 ash-fall deposits gradually increased; ash erupted in early July contained 7 % fresh glass grains. Small-scale magmatic activity began on July 26, 2019, and continued to mid-June 2020. The April to early July 2019 ash emissions at Nakadake first crater are inferred to be precursor phenomenon of the late July 2019 to mid-June 2020 magmatic eruptions. It is very important to clarify temporal variations in the mass and component characteristics of erupted materials for understanding the sequence of events and predicting future eruptive activity.

著者

穴井 千里 宮縁 育夫 宇津木 充 吉川 慎 望月 伸竜 渋谷 秀敏 大倉 敬宏

出版者

特定非営利活動法人 日本火山学会

雑誌

火山 (ISSN:04534360)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.66, no.3, pp.171-186, 2021-09-30 (Released:2021-10-29)

参考文献数

29

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Nakadake volcano, the current active center of the Aso central cones (Kyushu), is one of the most active volcanoes in Japan. It has been active since ca. 22-21 cal ka, and has formed the old edifice (22-21 cal ka), the young edifice (around 5 cal ka) and the youngest pyroclastic cone (until present). The lava flows from the young edifice spread on the flank of the volcano several times around 5 cal ka. These lavas are supposed to give stratigraphic markers for constructing the eruptive history of Nakadake volcano, but the similarity in chemical composition and lithology hampers distinguishing and correlating them. We have conducted a paleomagnetic study to distinguish and correlate the lavas since the paleomagnetic secular variation (PSV) provides a high-resolution age information. If lava units have a temporal difference of more than 50 years, they could be distinguished by their paleomagnetic directions. The samples were collected from 9 lava flows and 8 agglutinate layers (welded scoria-fall deposits) and were subjected to the paleomagnetic and rock-magnetic measurements. These samples, from visual inspection, appear to be influenced by chemical alteration in the surface of the outcrop by sulfides of volcanic gases. To check a rock-magnetic effect of the chemical alteration of the lavas and agglutinates, thermomagnetic analyses were made on chip samples from the top (surface of rock) and bottom (inside of rock) of the collected paleomagnetic cores. The thermomagnetic analyses indicate that the core top and bottom samples show the same behaviors, in spite of the difference in color, and the carriers of magnetization of each core are titanium rich (titanium content, x, is about 0.6) and poor (x is about 0.1-0.2) titanomagnetites. The natural remanent magnetization of each sample shows a simple, single vector component in alternating field demagnetization experiments, which well defines the primary component. Site mean directions can be categorized into three different direction groups. These data suggest that the eruption producing lava flows and/or agglutinates occurred at three different ages. Furthermore, the paleomagnetic directions of one group is not consistent with the directions of the eruptive ages of Nakadake young edifice assigned from the previous stratigraphic studies. Comparing these directions with the paleomagnetic secular variation curve which has been drawn from basaltic volcanoes in the northwestern part of Aso central cones, the ages of the direction groups can be assigned to around 6.0-4.3 cal ka and 3.5 cal ka, respectively. This result demonstrates that paleomagnetic studies can greatly contribute for establishing the eruptive histories of volcanos.

著者

横尾 亮彦 石井 杏佳

出版者

特定非営利活動法人 日本火山学会

雑誌

火山 (ISSN:04534360)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.66, no.3, pp.229-240, 2021-09-30 (Released:2021-10-29)

参考文献数

40

著者

南 裕介 中川 光弘 佐藤 鋭一 和田 恵治 石塚 吉浩

出版者

特定非営利活動法人 日本火山学会

雑誌

火山 (ISSN:04534360)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.66, no.3, pp.211-227, 2021-09-30 (Released:2021-10-29)

参考文献数

30

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Meakandake Volcano is a post-caldera active stratovolcano located on the south-eastern rim of Akan Caldera, eastern Hokkaido, Japan. Recent eruptive activity has occurred in 1955-1960, 1988, 1996, 1998, 2006, and 2008 at Ponmachineshiri, which is one of several volcanic bodies that form the stratovolcano. These events indicate that Ponmachineshiri has a high potential for future eruptions. In order to better understand the hazards posed by Meakandake Volcano, this study focused on the modern eruptive activity of Ponmachineshiri during the last 1,000 years. The authors conducted field observations at outcrops in the summit area, excavation surveys on the volcanic flanks, component analysis for pyroclastic deposits, and radiocarbon dating for intercalated soil layers. As a result, at least four layers of pyroclastic fall deposits derived from Ponmachineshiri during the last 1,000 years were recognized, ranging from Volcanic Explosivity Index (VEI) levels of 1 to 2. In chronological order, the major pyroclastic fall deposits consist of Pon-1 (10th to 12th century; VEI 2), Pon-2 (13th to 14th century; VEI 2), Pon-3 (15th to 17th century; VEI 1), and Pon-4 (after AD 1739; VEI 1), with small-scale (VEI<1) phreatic and phreatomagmatic eruption deposits intercalated within Pon-1, Pon-2, and Pon-3 pyroclastic fall deposits. The presence of scoria and minor pumice in the Pon-1, Pon-2, and Pon-3 pyroclastic fall deposits suggests that these eruptions were phreatomagmatic events. On the other hand, the absence of juvenile materials in the Pon-4 pyroclastic fall deposits suggests that the activity was a phreatic eruption. The decreasing proportion of juvenile materials in eruptive deposits over the last 1,000 years is consistent with a reduced magma contribution and indicates that the development of the hydrothermal system is likely to play an important role in future eruption scenarios for Meakandake Volcano.

著者

Charley-Lea POLLARD Zamira GIBB Azelle HAWDON Aleona SWEGEN Christopher G. GRUPEN

出版者

The Society for Reproduction and Development

雑誌

Journal of Reproduction and Development (ISSN:09168818)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.67, no.5, pp.319-326, 2021 (Released:2021-10-29)

参考文献数

54

被引用文献数

6

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In vitro maturation (IVM) is an important reproductive technology used to produce embryos in vitro. However, the developmental potential of oocytes sourced for IVM is markedly lower than those matured in vivo. Previously, NAD+-elevating treatments have improved oocyte quality and embryo development in cattle and mice, suggesting that NAD+ is important during oocyte maturation. The aim of this study was to examine the effects of nicotinic acid (NA), nicotinamide (NAM) and nicotinamide mononucleotide (NMN) on oocyte maturation and subsequent embryo development. Porcine oocytes from small antral follicles were matured for 44 h in a defined maturation medium supplemented with NA, NAM and resveratrol or NMN. Mature oocytes were artificially activated and presumptive zygotes cultured for 7 days. Additionally, oocytes were matured without treatment then cultured for 7 days with NMN. Supplementing the IVM medium with NA improved maturation and blastocyst formation while NAM supplementation improved cleavage rates compared with untreated controls. Supplementing the IVM or embryo culture media with NMN had no effect on maturation or embryo development. The results show that supplementing the maturation medium with NA and NAM improved maturation and developmental potential of porcine oocytes.

著者

藤野 武彦 村田 晃 宇都宮 弘子 森田 ケイ 武谷 溶

出版者

九州大学

雑誌

健康科学 (ISSN:03877175)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.5, pp.59-64, 1983-03-30

被引用文献数

1

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Effects of ascorbic acid on common cold and influenza were studied in 352 young students from 1978 to 1980. Ascorbic acid was administered by the following manner ; 6g per day (1g every hour) on 1st day, 4g per day (1 g at each meal and before sleep) on 2nd to 4th day, 2g per day (1g in the morning and the evening) on 5th to 7th day, Ascorbic acid values in plasma were measured in the part of subjects during and after cold, and in the healthy students. A question, whether the ascorbic acid was effective or not, was asked to the subjects after the treatment. The answers of "effective", "fairly effective" and "not effective" were 59.6%, 31.6% and 8.8%, respectively in 1978 to 1979, 47.1%, 42.6%, and 10.3% in 1979 to 1980. Plasma level of ascorbic acid was lower in the subjects during the cold than in the healthy students who did not have a cold for 4 years. The seven of subjects showed the lower level of ascorbic acid during cold than after recovery. These results are suggestive of effectiveness of ascorbic acid on common cold.