著者

島田 征夫

出版者

早稲田大学法学会

雑誌

早稲田法学 (ISSN:03890546)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.89, no.4, pp.67-112, 2014

著者

藤通 有希 小佐古 敏荘 吉田 和生 浜田 信行

出版者

日本保健物理学会

雑誌

保健物理 (ISSN:03676110)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.48, no.2, pp.97-103, 2013 (Released:2014-03-06)

参考文献数

25

被引用文献数

2 1 1

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Radiation cataract has been classified as tissue reactions (formerly known as deterministic effects or non-stochastic effects) with a threshold dose. In 1984, the International Commission on Radiological Protection (ICRP) suggested the threshold dose of >8 Sv for vision-impairing cataracts in highly fractionated or protracted exposures. Such a threshold was used to recommend an occupational dose limit for the lens of 150 mSv/year in 1990 and 2007, but was reduced to 0.5 Sv in 2011 for all exposure scenarios irrespective of the rate of dose delivery. New threshold was determined on the basis of the limited human evidence, with various hypotheses not supported by the present knowledge of biological mechanisms. Examples of untested hypotheses include: (a) radiation cataract is a tissue reaction; (b) radiation damage to the large number of cells acts as a triggering event for radiation cataract; (c) detectable minor opacities progress into vision-impairing cataracts with time; and (d) the lower the dose, the longer the latency. This paper discusses the issues behind the scientific basis for the new threshold, and provides directions for future epidemiological and biological studies to establish the reasonably modeled dose-response relationship for radiation cataract.

出版者

紅英堂

巻号頁・発行日

1872

著者

和田 竜二 小林 法子 藤居 俊之 尾中 晋 加藤 雅治

出版者

The Japan Institute of Metals

雑誌

日本金屬學會誌 (ISSN:00214876)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.71, no.8, pp.587-591, 2007

被引用文献数

2

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Elastic interaction energy between two super-circular inclusions with purely dilatational misfit strains is evaluated. For the calculation, a two dimensional model is used together with linear elasticity for the cubic anisotropy of copper. When two inclusions lie parallel to <100> of the copper crystal, attractive interaction is observed between the inclusions. The maximum of the attractive interaction is realized when the two inclusions exist close to each other. As the inclusion shape becomes circular to square-like, the maximum interaction energy decreases and the distance between the two inclusions to give the maximum increases. Furthermore, the two inclusions are found to be most stable when they have the same size. In addition to the elastic interaction energy, interface energy of the matrix/inclusion interface is also considered. The results show that the two inclusions tend to become the same size even for a situation when the interface energy is much more dominant compared with the elastic interaction energy.<br>

著者

坂本 治也 秦 正樹 梶原 晶

出版者

日本政治学会

雑誌

年報政治学 (ISSN:05494192)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.71, no.2, pp.2_303-2_327, 2020

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<p>1990年代末以降、日本では特定非営利活動法人 (NPO法人) や一般社団法人などの新たに創設された法人格を有する (広義の) NPOが多数誕生した。組織レベルでみた場合、NPOの活動は明らかに活性化している。にもかかわらず、一般の人々のNPOへの参加は依然としてまったく広まっていない。</p><p> なぜ多くの日本人はNPOへの参加を今なお忌避しているのであろうか。どのような要因が参加忌避を引き起こす原因となっているのであろうか。どうすればNPOへの参加をより増やしていくことができるのだろうか。</p><p> これらの点を探索的に解明するために、本稿では筆者らが独自に実施したオンライン・サーベイのデータを用いて、コンジョイント実験 (conjoint experiment) を通じてNPOへの参加の規定要因の解明を試みた。</p><p> 分析の結果、デモなどの政府への抗議活動を行うこと、多額の寄付を集めること、自民党寄りないし立憲民主党寄りの組織であることは、参加忌避に大きな影響を与える要因であることが明らかとなった。つまり、NPOの 「政治性」 やNPOの 「金銭重視」 姿勢が参加忌避をもたらす主要な原因になっていることが本稿の分析から示唆される。</p>

著者

布施 賢治

出版者

山形県立米沢女子短期大学

雑誌

若手研究(スタートアップ)

巻号頁・発行日

2007

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近代に士族が設立した士族会・旧藩奨学金団体が、地域の教育・尚武意識・士族意識の形成に果たした役割について研究した。現地の図書館・文書館に赴き諸会が発行した雑誌の分析等の実地調査を行った。その結果、諸会の基本的な存在形態、明治・大正・昭和期の各段階における組織の変化、資金の調達方法の変化、人材観の変化、育英事業に対する会員・地域の人々の認識の変化等を明らかにした。そして、地域社会の教育の発展・人材育成に重要な役割を果たした点を確認した。

著者

今井 宏

雑誌

史論

巻号頁・発行日

vol.35, pp.23-39, 1982

著者

斉藤 成也

出版者

日本文化人類学会

雑誌

日本文化人類学会研究大会発表要旨集 日本文化人類学会第53回研究大会 (ISSN:21897964)

巻号頁・発行日

pp.G5, 2019 (Released:2019-10-01)

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本講演では、中央アジアにおける東西の人間の移動をDNAデータから考察する。まず、モンゴル帝国の始祖チンギス・ハンのY染色体の系統についての研究を紹介する。つぎに全ゲノムデータにもとづくウイグル人集団の起源に関する研究を紹介する。最後に東アジア人が東南アジアから北上した人々を主体としつつ、西から移動した人々とも一部混血して形成したという仮説を紹介する。東ユーラシアにおける稲作の起源についても時間があれば言及する。

著者

浅井 亨

出版者

Japan Association for Quaternary Research

雑誌

第四紀研究 (ISSN:04182642)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.12, no.4, pp.271-277, 1974-02-28 (Released:2009-08-21)

参考文献数

19

被引用文献数

1

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The study of the language or foklore of the tribe may suggest what kind of the climate their ancestors experienced in the past. The author has tried to discover this from a study of the Ainu language and its oral tradition.The Ainu language, like English or Japanese, does not have many different morphemes for snow or ice when compared with Eskimo or Manchu. In some of “Yukar” legends of the Ainu, the serpent is thought to be a kind of taboo among the ancient Ainus. The snake was an alien creature, inhabiting no single category of the Ainu configuration of nature (sky, mountains, land, and water), but forever acrossing the boundaries between them.It is thus inferred that the ancient Ainus had some contact with snakes, animals that can hardly survive in the absence of a warm summer. From this we may venture to guess that the ancient Ainu people may have lived in a mild climate, or that the original Ainu culture might have dedeveloped in a land with a snowy winter and a warm summer. Ice and icebergs were not a feature of their world. The regions which the Ainus inhabited were sub-frigid at their coldest and there is no evidence that the Ainus had come from a very cold land such as the arctic regions.

著者

阿知羅 隆雄

出版者

滋賀大学経済学会

雑誌

彦根論叢 (ISSN:03875989)

巻号頁・発行日

no.353, pp.1-4, 2005-03

著者

Koichi Hoshino Kunpei Kosaka Kota Sawada Masashi Kiyota

出版者

The Japanese Society of Systematic Zoology

雑誌

Species Diversity (ISSN:13421670)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.27, no.1, pp.1-13, 2022-01-01 (Released:2022-01-01)

参考文献数

57

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An oreosomatid of the genus Allocyttus McCulloch, 1914 is fished commercially on the Emperor Seamounts. However, the species’ identity is uncertain, as is the taxonomy of the oreosomatid species of the seas around Japan, where the names Allocyttus verrucosus Gilchrist, 1906 (type locality: off South Africa) and A. folletti Myers, 1960 (type locality: off California) have both been used. From its anticipated susceptibility to over-exploitation, it is urgent to establish the correct taxonomic identity to facilitate effective management measures. Meristics, morphometrics and scale characters of the specimens from the Emperor Seamounts and Japan agreed well with data of the holotype of A. folletti and differed from those of A. verrucosus, confirming that those specimens represent A. folletti. Oreosomatids reported from the western North Pacific in the literature were identified as A. folletti. From the data of the present study and historical references, A. folletti is thought to be distinguished from A. verrucosus by the following characters: more dorsal- and anal- spines+rays (36–42 vs. 33–38 and 31–35 vs. 27–33 respectively), more total vertebrae (37–41 vs. 34–38), greater numbers of enlarged scales of dorsal- (S-DFB) and anal-fin base (S-AFB) (31–42 vs. 26–31, and 29–37 vs. 25–28 respectively), more spines on the margin of S-DFB and S-AFB (up to 7–12 vs. 3–6), a shorter preanal-fin length (53.8–63.6% vs. 64.8–83.7% of SL), a longer caudal peduncle (10.4–15.6% vs. 6.1–10.2% of SL), a shorter head (32.9–40.4% vs. 38.5–48.4% of SL), and cycloid scales on the mid-side of body (vs. ctenoid). Available data indicate that A. folletti reaches up to 537 mm SL, larger than A. verrucosus (up to ca. 325 mm SL). From the anticipated slow growth and longevity, concern is raised regarding the susceptibility of A. folletti to over-exploitation.

著者

Hiroshi Kajihara

出版者

The Japanese Society of Systematic Zoology

雑誌

Species Diversity (ISSN:13421670)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.27, no.1, pp.25-35, 2022-01-01 (Released:2022-01-01)

参考文献数

63

被引用文献数

1

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The three heteronemertean nominal species Ascaris longissima Gunnerus, 1770, Borlasia angliae Oken, 1815, and Nemertes borlasii Cuvier, 1816 have been considered as synonymous, denoting the same species to which the valid name Lineus longissimus (Gunnerus, 1770) has been applied. These three nominal species are the type species of the genus-group names Lineus Sowerby, 1806, Borlasia Oken, 1815, and Nemertes Cuver, 1816, respectively, which are in turn the type genera of the family-group names Lineidae McIntosh, 1874, Borlasiidae Diesing, 1862, and Nemertidae Ehrenberg, 1831. Therefore, Lineus Sowerby, 1806 (currently in use) is a senior subjective synonym of Borlasia Oken, 1815 and Nemertes Cuvier, 1816 (both currently not in use), while Lineidae McIntosh, 1874 (currently in use) is a junior subjective synonym of Borlasiidae Diesing, 1862 and Nemertidae Ehrenberg, 1831 (both currently not in use); in addition, Micruridae Ehrenberg, 1831 (not in use) is also a senior synonym of Lineidae McIntosh, 1874. Borlasiidae Diesing, 1862 and Nemertidae Ehrenberg, 1831 have not been used as valid after 1899, while Lineidae McIntosh, 1874 has been used in at least 216 works published by 437 authors since 1971 until 2021, thus satisfying the conditions stipulated in Article 23.9.1 of the International Code of Zoological Nomenclature. Borlasiidae Diesing, 1862 and Nemertidae Ehrenberg, 1831 are herein declared nomina oblita with respect to Lineidae McIntosh, 1874, the latter being regarded as a nomen protectum under Article 23.9.2 of the International Code of Zoological Nomenclature. However, reversed precedence of Lineidae McIntosh, 1874 over its senior synonym Micruridae Ehrenberg, 1831 requires a ruling by the International Commission on Zoological Nomenclature, as the latter name was used as valid between 1998 and 2009

著者

伊庭 功

出版者

国立歴史民俗博物館

雑誌

国立歴史民俗博物館研究報告 = Bulletin of the National Museum of Japanese History (ISSN:02867400)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.81, pp.351-362, 1999-03-31

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滋賀県大津市域の琵琶湖底に所在する粟津湖底遺跡は,縄文時代早期初頭から中期前葉を中心とする時期に営まれ,琵琶湖においては数少ない大規模な貝塚を伴う遺跡である。1990~1991年に航路浚渫工事に伴って実施された湖底の発掘調査では,中期前葉の第3貝塚が新たに発見された。ここには貝殻や魚類・哺乳類の骨片とともに,イチイガシ・トチノキ・ヒシの殻が良好な状態で保存されていて,当時の動物質食料・植物質食料の両方を同時に明らかにした。これらをもとに,種類ごとの出土量を栄養価に換算して食料として比較を試みたところ,堅果類,特にトチノキが大きな比率を占めていることがわかり,従来から行われてきた推定を具体的に証明することができた。また,同じ調査区で早期初頭の地層からクリの殻の集積層も検出され,中期前葉とは異なる種類の堅果類が利用されていたことがわかった。この相違は早期初頭と中期前葉の気候および植生の相違によるものと推定される。また,第3貝塚から,日本列島において約50万年前に絶滅したと考えられてきたコイ科魚類の咽頭歯が発見され,この魚類が絶滅したのが約4,500年前以降であったことを示し,その絶滅には人の活動が大きく関わっていたことが推測された。このように,粟津湖底遺跡の調査は人の生業について具体的な事実を明らかにしたばかりでなく,それと環境変化との関わりをうかがわせる資料も提供した。

著者

上村 敦彦

出版者

愛媛大学

巻号頁・発行日

1996

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博士論文

著者

今井 宏

雑誌

東京女子大學附屬比較文化研究所紀要

巻号頁・発行日

vol.35, pp.1-19, 1974-01

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This is a sequel to my two previous articles, "Japanese Views on the English Revolution in the Meiji Era", (Publications of the Institute for Comparative Studies of Culture, Vol. 26, 1968) and "Japanese Views on Puritanism in the Meiji Era" (Ibid., Vol. 32, 1972). In the former articles, I made surveys on books which contributed to develop Japanese understanding of the Revolution in the 17 th century England and then I laid stress on the point that the knowledge of the English Revolution in Meiji Japan was an adaptation of the Whig interpretation of British history to the Japanese political situation of the time. From this point of view, to know how this interpretation of British history was introduced into Meiji Japan would be one of the essential problems, but it is strange enough that we cannot find out in the Meiji era any translation of the most important historical book of the school, T. B. Macaulay's History of England. In his autobiography, Sohd Tokutomi, the leader of the Minyu-sha group and later days ultra-nationalist, remembered his enthusiastic reading of Macaulay's Essays and History in his youth. We can easily perceive that his early writings were deeply influenced by Macaulay's interpretation of history, because Tokutomi not only shared the optimistic progressivism with him but also used such clear-cut two-polars conceptions as good and evil, liberty and tyranny and so on. In 1890 the first Japanese biography of Macaulay was written by Yosaburo Takekoshi, one of Tokutomi's partners, but though being a good introduction to Macaulay's personality and achivements, this biography clearly depicts him as a historian who wrote history with an excellent literary talent but undeservedly neglects to consider the significance of his logics. This one-sidedness of the introduction of Whig interpretation has cast its shadow over the Japanese understanding of British historiography.

著者

原部 哲治

出版者

名城大学

巻号頁・発行日

2007

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博士論文

著者

睦見 友信

出版者

岐阜薬科大学

巻号頁・発行日

2011

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博士論文

著者

竹越与三郎 (三叉) 著

出版者

民友社

巻号頁・発行日

1893

著者

山口 えり

出版者

国立歴史民俗博物館

雑誌

国立歴史民俗博物館研究報告 = Bulletin of the National Museum of Japanese History (ISSN:02867400)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.218, pp.329-352, 2019-12-27

著者

大森金五郎 述

出版者

日本歴史地理学会

巻号頁・発行日

1910