著者
小野 正文 西原 利治
出版者
一般社団法人 日本内科学会
雑誌
日本内科学会雑誌 (ISSN:00215384)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.105, no.1, pp.47-55, 2016-01-10 (Released:2017-01-10)
参考文献数
19

患者数のさらなる増加が予想される非アルコール性脂肪性肝疾患(non-alcoholic fatty liver disease:NAFLD)患者の中から治療が必要な非アルコール性脂肪肝炎(non-alcoholic steatohepatitis:NASH)や肝線維化進展症例を見つけ出すのは容易ではない.肝臓の組織診断がNASHと非アルコール性脂肪肝(non-alcoholic fatty liver:NAFL)を鑑別できる唯一の方法であるものの,NASHや肝線維化進展の可能性が高い症例を画像検査,スコアリングシステムならびにバイオマーカーなどを用いて診断し,適切な時期に肝臓専門医に紹介することが重要である.今後,有用な血液バイオマーカーの登場も期待されており,肝不全や肝細胞癌の高発症リスク症例の早期診断が内科医には求められる.
著者
栗原 久
出版者
東京福祉大学・大学院
雑誌
東京福祉大学・大学院紀要 = Bulletin of Tokyo University and Graduate School of Social Welfare (ISSN:18837565)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.7, no.1, pp.5-17, 2016-10

コーヒー/カフェイン摂取と精神運動機能について、これまでの知見を総括した。カフェインの摂取は覚醒度や注意・集中力の維持や有酸素運動の向上に有益で、その有効性は50 mg (コーヒー換算で1杯)以上で現れる。カフェイン200 mg以上を常習的に摂取している人の一部では、カフェイン摂取の急激な中断後、カフェイン効果の逆の症状で特徴づけられる頭痛、眠気、倦怠感、意欲低下といった離脱症状が出現するが、いずれの症状もマイルドで、短時間で消失する。また、カフェイン摂取量を緩徐に減らしていけば、離脱症状の出現を回避できる。もちろん、カフェインの依存性は、覚せい剤、コカイン、ヘロインなどの依存・乱用性薬物より軽微で、カフェイン乱用とするほどの問題は生じない。カフェインの精神運動刺激作用は睡眠に悪影響を及ぼすことは確かである。この知見は、カフェイン摂取量の減少で睡眠の改善(睡眠潜時の短縮、深睡眠の増加)が図られ、交代勤務や夜間の長距離運転、時差ぼけ時のような集中力の維持が求められる状況では、コーヒー/カフェイン摂取は有益性を発揮することを示唆している。睡眠に及ぼすカフェインの影響についての個人差には、遺伝的背景があることが報告されている。
著者
松永 和剛 松崎 昭夫 荒牧 保弘
出版者
West-Japanese Society of Orthopedics & Traumatology
雑誌
整形外科と災害外科 (ISSN:00371033)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.46, no.3, pp.838-840, 1997-09-25 (Released:2010-02-25)
参考文献数
6

The authors studied the course of the infrapatellar branch of the saphenous nerve in 36 cadaver legs, with particular reference to its relationship to the sartorius muscle. In 19 (52.8%) the infrapatellar nerve passed through the sartorius, in 15 (41.7%) it passed over the sartorius before distributing to the antero-medial aspect of the knee. In two the nerve branched: in one both branches penetrated the sartorius and in the other, one branch penetrated and the other passed over the sartorius. The authors could not find any case in which the nerve passed through the tendon of the sartorius or passed under the sartorius. These findings explain why few cases of entrapment neuropathy of the infrapatellar branch clinically need surgical treatment.
著者
田中 邦煕 新谷 洋二 山田 清臣
出版者
Japan Society of Civil Engineers
雑誌
土木学会論文集 (ISSN:02897806)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.1999, no.631, pp.383-396, 1999-09-21 (Released:2010-08-24)
参考文献数
16
被引用文献数
1

近世城郭石垣には反りなどの三次元的な独特の形態が認められ, 視覚的に安定感を与えかつ工学的観点からも合理的な形態と考えられる. しかしこの形態の発生起源などは不明な点が多い. 筆者らは現存石垣の観察計測結果から, 石垣普請時に基礎や背面地盤等でかなり大きな沈下や変位が生じこれが石垣面に現れて, 石垣師たちがこの自然発生的な形態に対してより安定化し美的にも高度化する努力を続けるうちに, 高度な三次元形態へと進歩したと考えた. そして石垣断面解析にFEMなどを適用する手法を検討した後これを応用して, 石垣構築時に反りなどの形態と類似した形態が得られることなどを示し, 「石垣の三次元形態の起源は石垣普請時の変位変形であろう」とする一つの考え方を説明した.
著者
中垣 正幸 嶋林 三郎 早川 栄治 小槻 節
出版者
公益社団法人 日本薬学会
雑誌
YAKUGAKU ZASSHI (ISSN:00316903)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.99, no.6, pp.618-627, 1979-06-25 (Released:2008-05-30)
参考文献数
11
被引用文献数
5 3

The amounts of both Ca2+ and Na+, x and y, respectively, bound to C-type chondroitin sulfate (Chs) from an aqueous solution of CaCl2 mixed with NaCl were obtained by the membrane equilibrium method. To estimate x and y under the effect of the Donnan equilibrium, [Ca2+] and [Cl-] for both sides of the dialysing tube and [Chs] for the inner side were analysed. The binding isotherm for Ca2+ was of the Langmuir type, and both x and kCa2+, the binding constant for Ca2+, decreased with ionic strength, J. On the other hand, the binding isotherm for Na+ was not of the Langmuir type but its shape was explained as the competitive adsorption of the two components, Na+ and Ca2+, because Ca2+ binds more strongly to Chs than Na+ and, therefore, the effect of coexistence of Ca2+ with Na+ cannot be neglected when the Na+ binding is examined. It was also suggested that y and kNa+ decreases with J when the amount of the occupied site by the Ca2+ is kept constant at x. The degree of the ionization, z, of Chs was found to be 0.40-0.41 for Na2Chs and 0.20-0.21 for CaChs by this membrane equilibrium method assuming x+y+z=1. These values coincide with those obtained from the vapour pressure osmometry by the authors and with the literature values calculated with considering the Manning theory.
著者
神田 孝治
出版者
学術雑誌目次速報データベース由来
雑誌
人文地理 (ISSN:00187216)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.53, no.5, pp.430-451, 2001
被引用文献数
3 4

This paper examines the development process of Nanki-Shirahama Spa Resort, located in southern Wakayama Prefecture in the modern period, in terms of its association with images of other places. In this paper, an attempt is made to examine the triple relationships of "tourism", "otherness", and the "spatiality of capitalism", current concepts stemming from the "cultural turn".<br>To understand the images of other places in tourism space, such images are characterized into two dimensions and their mutual relationship is analyzed. In the first dimension, the image of the tourism space as an "other" place contrasts with images of ordinary and familiar places. In the second dimension, images of geographically remote "other" places are evoked in the imagination. Thus, tourism space becomes the site of "other" encounters. Since the modern period is an age of globalism and nationalism, images which imply a connection to distant "other" places tend to evoke desires and idyllic thoughts and contribute to national identity, and are thus more suitable as the core image of tourism space than one which merely contrasts with ordinary images. In addition, liminal place-myths are more easily formed by this core ima ge through combining a set of images in tourism space.<br>This study aims to further understand the relationship between images of other places and the material creation of tourism space. H. Lefebvre's work (1991) on the outline of space recognition in "The production of space" was therefore consulted. In short, the production of tourism space is treated as a triple dialectic of spatial practice, representation of space and space of representation. Using R. W. Butler's hypothesis (1980) of a tourist area cycle of evolution, three evolutionary stages of the modern tourism space are distinguished: exploration, involvement, and development. The relationship between the images of other places and the process of producing tourism space is considered for each stage.<br>In the Nara Period, the beginning of the exploration stage in this tourism space, Emperors visited Muro-no-onyu, which was called the Yusaki or Shirahama spa, and was counted among the three oldest Japanese hot springs after the modern term. Later, it became popular with spa and sightseeing guests from the Kishu clan in the Edo era. In the early modern period, because it could be reached by ship, explorer-type tourists came from the city. At that time, the spa, renowned for its therapeutic qualities, was called the Yusaki hot spring.<br>The involvement stage began in 1919, when the Shirahama Land Development Company built a resort. Created by Honda Seiroku, the father of the Japanese national park system, this development project was modeled after the German-created beach resort of Qingdao. The Shirahama Land Development Company utilised modern development techniques, such as digging hot springs, creating a road, cottage and park area, and constructing recreational facilities. The core "other" image of this tourism space was the whiteness of "Shira-ra-hama", a clean, white, sandy beach in Shirahama, because it contrasted with the dark images of cities caused by smoke and labor. This whiteness image evoked liminal place-myths, such as making love, curing the body and healing the mind by connecting with other whiteness images of a modern woman's skin and modern infrastructure. Because of these modern white images, many tourists experienced European and American geographical images, which evoked ideal modern culture or free love place-myths. However, these modern and occidental images also evoked images of the modernized city, the "ordinary" place, which is destructive to nature and the whiteness of the beach. Therefore, white and occidental images gradually became poor symbols of "other",

2 0 0 0 OA 3.運動療法

著者
能勢 博
出版者
日本循環制御医学会
雑誌
循環制御 (ISSN:03891844)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.35, no.2, pp.121-139, 2014 (Released:2015-03-26)