著者

木下 昌規

出版者

国史学会

雑誌

国史学 = The journal of Japanese history (ISSN:03869156)

巻号頁・発行日

no.230, pp.97-130, 2020-02

著者

久保田 潤平 遠藤 眞美 久保田 有香 柿木 保明

出版者

一般社団法人 日本障害者歯科学会

雑誌

日本障害者歯科学会雑誌 (ISSN:09131663)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.36, no.1, pp.10-16, 2015 (Released:2015-06-30)

参考文献数

16

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食事は生活のなかの楽しみとなるため,味覚が障害されると食欲低下の原因となるだけでなく,精神的苦痛をこうむることにもつながる.しかし,味覚障害の原因は多岐にわたり治療に苦慮することも少なくない.また,明確な診断がつかないために特発性味覚障害と診断され,適切な治療が行われていないこともある.著者らは以前の研究で,382人の調査において水分代謝不良が味覚障害のリスクとなる可能性を明らかにした.そこで今回は,水分代謝不良と関連する味覚障害と考えられた者に対して水分代謝を改善する漢方薬である五苓散と八味地黄丸を応用した者への臨床的有用性を検討した.対象:平成23年7月~平成26年3月の間に味覚の異常感を訴えて九州歯科大学附属病院口腔環境科(以下,当科)を受診した患者で,当科受診前に他科・他院を受診し,特発性味覚障害とされた82人のうち,当科において水分代謝不良と関連する味覚障害と判断した45人を対象とした.方法:対象者の診療録から全身状態や主訴に関する項目を抽出するとともに,五苓散または八味地黄丸の服用による有効性の検討を行った.結果:服用開始6カ月以内における自覚症状の変化は“治癒”が21人(46.7%),“改善”が20人(44.4%),“不変”が4人(8.9%),“悪化”が0人(0.0%)であり,有意(p<0.01)に改善がみられた.本調査より,水分代謝不良と関連すると思われる味覚障害患者においては,水分代謝を改善する漢方薬の応用が有用であることがわかった.

著者

江川 亮

出版者

一般社団法人 日本教育心理学会

雑誌

教育心理学研究 (ISSN:00215015)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.6, no.1, pp.28-40,63, 1969-10-15 (Released:2013-02-19)

参考文献数

13

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1都市と農村の児童群 (各群とも小学校4年から中学校3年まで各学年25名) に鈴木治太郎氏の「実際的個別的知能測定法」を実施しその両群の比較を学年別に得点でみると, いずれの学年も都市群が優れ, 農村群が劣るのを明らかに認めることができる。この得点という全体的な表示での比較差異は, いわば量的な差異といえる。2項目の通過・非通過を検討することによつて両群各々の心的な機能を明らかにすることから, この検査での上の量的な差異の妥当性を吟味しようとするのが本研究の目的である。量に対する質の検討ということができよう。手続きは両群から39点から57点の間に分布する得点者を抽出し, 得点間隔3点で7段階に区分し, 群別段階別に標本を集めた. 検討の結果, 各段階ともいずれの項目, あるいはいずれの項目類型にも両群間に明らかな差異が認められず, また両群の項目通過の相関もきわめて高い値を示した。なお通過率の上昇, 相関傾向等によつてこの検査の両群における内的整合度の高いことを知ることができた。最終通過項目が同一の標本で集めた場合も結果は同様であつた。3上の結果より各群の特定の心的な機能の差異は, a項目群, b項目群と名付けた二類型にやや見出されるといえるにすぎなく, 明確な差異傾向を示すことができなかつた。4したがつてこめ検査では, 得点をいわゆる知能の全体的な表示とするとき, その同一水準は心的な機能のそれをも規定できるということを推論でき, 得点の低位は, 量とともに質のそれをも記述しうることを明らかにすることができる。5以上から, この検査は問題とその方法の見本が都市に偏することなく抽出されていて環境条件の相異する両児童群の共有の尺度としての信頼性をもつといえる。この見本性についての不安は標準化が都市中心であることに帰せられ, 多くの検査と同様にこの検査について注意を要する点として指摘されていた。6都市農村の分類は, 二つの環境類型化であつて, それら各々を構成する特殊的因子を捨象したいわば平均的な類型化である。著者はその特殊的因子, すなわちそれぞれの地域社会における階層類型 (29類型) を見出し, それらに帰属する児童がいかなる精神発達の段階秩序をもつか, あるいはまたそれらの段階秩序が都市から農村への移行的連続の過渡形態としていかなる類型をその間に挿入しうるかという検討を通じ, それら知能の差を生ぜしめる環境的要因の考察を試みようとした。そして「生活の差を, その生産手段の所有状態, 労働力の存在形態の差異」 (6) でとらえ, それにGoodenough (2) の分類を加味した階層類型と, この検査で測定される知能はきわめて密接に (F0=6.72) 関係するのを見出すことができた。以上における分析の詳細は省略するが, この類型化も公式的形式的類型であるというそしりをまぬかれえない。量を規定する質, その質を制約している枠組すなわち環境的要因を見出すという一連の研究がなされなければ, なんら教育の実践に貢献するものになりえないと思う。その直接的実質的な環境要因を明らかにすること, そこに心理学における階層化の目的が存すると思うが, 隣接諸科学の知見の組識的な協力をえて心理学的に抽象される環境類型が把握されなければならないと思う。

著者

栄 輝己 水岡 二郎 野村 一俊 田嶋 光

出版者

West-Japanese Society of Orthopedics & Traumatology

雑誌

整形外科と災害外科 (ISSN:00371033)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.34, no.3, pp.837-840, 1986 (Released:2010-03-16)

参考文献数

3

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In the vertebral anomalies, congenital synostosis of the cervical vertebrae is not uncommon. In 1912, Klippel and Feil examined a patient with the unusual clinical findings of marked shortening of the neck, low posterior hairline and severely restricted neck motion. Since that time, it has been well known as Klippel and Feil syndrome.During past 3 years, we treated 4 cases surgically which showed cervical disc herniation and cervical spondylotic radiculopathy in the adjacent vertebrae.All cases are male with age range from 45 to 72 years old (average 52). Congenital synostosis of C3-4 vertebrae was seen in 2 cases, C4-5 in 1 case, and synostosis of occipit to CI, C2 in 1 case. Except one case, cevical disc herniation and cervical spondylotic radiculopathy was found in the disc space below the synostosis of cervical vertebrae.

著者

浅川 満彦

出版者

酪農学園大学

雑誌

酪農学園大学紀要. 自然科学編

巻号頁・発行日

vol.44, no.1, pp.77-90, 2019-10

著者

清水 邦彦 Shimizu Kunihiko

出版者

筑波大学倫理学原論研究会

雑誌

倫理学 (ISSN:02890666)

巻号頁・発行日

no.27, pp.45-57, 2011-03-20

著者

大竹 文雄 黒川 博文 森 知晴

出版者

行動経済学会

雑誌

行動経済学

巻号頁・発行日

vol.8, pp.81-85, 2015

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本研究では所得税と消費税の等価性を検証する実験を行った.ある所得分布と所得に応じた消費パターンを前提として,所得税(20%)と消費税(25%, 24%, 22%, 20%)のそれぞれどちらが好みかを被験者に選択させた.消費税(25%)は所得税(20%)と税負担が同等である.消費税(24%, 22%)は所得税(20%)よりも見た目の税率は高いが税負担は低い.消費税(20%)は所得税(20%)と見た目税率は同じだが,税負担は低い.被験者は見た目の税率が消費税の方が高いときは所得税を好み,見た目の税率が同じときは消費税を好んだ.消費税の方が税負担は低いにもかかわらず,被験者が所得税を好んだという結果は,消費税誤計算バイアスの存在を示唆する.消費税誤計算バイアスとは,外税表記の消費税を所得税と同様に内税かのように考えて消費税額を計算してしまうバイアスである.等価な消費税と所得税では所得税の方が被験者に好まれることから,消費税誤計算バイアスにより,等価性が成り立たないことが明らかとなった.

著者

村井 不二男

出版者

公益社団法人 日本化学会

雑誌

日本化學雜誌 (ISSN:03695387)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.81, no.8, pp.1324-1326, 1960-08-10 (Released:2011-05-30)

参考文献数

8

被引用文献数

4

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著者らによって単離されたマタタビの有効成分の一つであるマタタビラクトン,C10H16O2(I)の化学構造についてのべる。Iの過マンガン酸カリウム酸化によって2種のネペタリン酸がえられた。またIの加水分解により,一部は相当するオキシ酸(VI)を結晶としてあたえ,このものの閉環によってイソイリドミルメシン(IVb)がえられた。これらの結果からマタタビラクトンはイリドミルメシン(IVa)とイソイリドミルメシン(IVb)の混合物であると推定される。

著者

清水 謙

出版者

一般財団法人 日本国際政治学会

雑誌

国際政治 (ISSN:04542215)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.2013, no.172, pp.172_87-172_99, 2013-02-25 (Released:2015-03-05)

参考文献数

55

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The impact of 9/11 was strong enough to change the Swedish security doctrine of neutrality that had existed since the Cold War. The Swedish Prime Minister Göran Persson and Foreign Minister Anna Lindh stated that the security policy of 1992, that is “Military non-alliance making it possible to remain neutral in the event of conflicts in the vicinity”, had served well. This means that Sweden has practically abandoned its neutrality, confronting international terrorism. Swedish society, generally known as ‘an open society’, has many internal “security holes” and the terrorist incident in central Stockholm on December 11th 2010 exposed such kind of vulnerability. That incident was “home-grown” and the generous migration policy was challenged again. This article investigates ‘the securitization of migration’ in Sweden using the analytical framework of ‘securitization’ the Copenhagen School provided. The Copenhagen School insists that ‘speech act’ by securitizing actor(s) and ‘acceptance of the audience’ are required in the process of securitization and that ‘extraordinary measures’ beyond the state’s standard political procedure will be legitimated. The first two steps mentioned above are well discussed in Sweden in earlier research (e.g. by Abiri), while the third one is still controversial. Therefore, my aim in this article is to present a crucial example of an extraordinary measure. Indeed, the securitization of migration started to occur already in the 1990s or earlier, but a conclusive extraordinary measure was not implemented until December 2001, namely the case of repatriation of two Egyptians (Egyptenavvisningarna). In 2005 the Parliamentary Ombudsmen (Justitieombudsmännen) and the Committee on the Constitution (Konstitutionsutskottet) investigated this deviant case and declared that the governmental action was too optimistic and that the method of the repatriation was inappropriate. The repatriation itself has been treated as an accomplished fact in the Parliament even though the decision was adopted in irregular procedure. Therefore, this result leads us to the conclusion that the process of the securitization of migration has been fulfilled. The Securitization of migration in Sweden is still idling and there are no signs of ‘desecuritization’ after the terrorist incident in Stockholm. Furthermore, the sequential terrorist attacks in Norway in July 2011 are thought-provoking and indicate that the Nordic societies have to cope with migrational issues.

著者

中山 順 西村 睦夫 森本 一成

出版者

日本デザイン学会

雑誌

デザイン学研究作品集 (ISSN:13418475)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.12, no.1, pp.46-49, 2007

参考文献数

3

被引用文献数

1

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本研究はユニバーサルデザインの視点で、高齢者に配慮してできるだけ多くの人が使いやすい麻雀用具の開発を目的とする。そのために筆者らの提案する要素マトリックス手法を用いてデザイン開発を行った。この要素マトリックスは、身体的カテゴリーと高齢者配慮要素の2軸を配置している。これを用いると問題分析から設計に至るまでに一貫性を持って設計できる。身体面の高齢者配慮要素には「軽負担性」「単純・明瞭性」「連続性」「融通性」「安全性」の5要素、心理面では「親和」「達成性(ステータス性)」の2要素がある。この要素マトリックスを用いて麻雀ゲームに係わる行為について、問題抽出と分析を行い、個別の開発コンセプトを検討し、具体化し、評価を行った。その結果、要素マトリックス手法を用いたことにより、高齢者に配慮した新しいモノづくりにつながり、本手法の有用性を確認できた。

著者

石井 拓斗 成見 哲

雑誌

エンタテインメントコンピューティングシンポジウム2018論文集

巻号頁・発行日

no.2018, pp.28-30, 2018-09-06

著者

森井 裕一

出版者

JAPAN ASSOCIATION OF INTERNATIONAL RELATIONS

雑誌

国際政治 (ISSN:04542215)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.2012, no.167, pp.167_88-101, 2012-01-30 (Released:2013-09-21)

参考文献数

46

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Germany ceased conscription for its military, the Bundeswehr, in July 2011. Ever since the establishment of the Bundeswehr, the system of conscription had played a key role in connecting the Bundeswehr and German society. The concept of “Staatsbürger in Uniform” (citizen in uniform) was a guarantee to keep the Bundeswehr as a military for peace. This paper discusses why Germany stopped conscription, even though it had long been regarded as a vital component of Germany's postwar security culture.In the first section of this paper, historical developments in the German security culture and the role of the Bundeswehr are discussed. During the process of German rearmament in the 1950s, a new military was established in a way that would prevent it from being able to become an independent and undemocratic institution outside society—as it did in the days leading up to World War II. The Bundeswehr gained respect from society and became one of the most successful institutions in postwar Germany.In the second section, the changing role and the military transformation of the Bundeswehr after the end of the Cold War are examined. The changing international security environment forced Germany to reconsider the role of its military. During the period up until the end of the Cold War, the use of Germany's military was restricted to the defense of its own and its allies' territories. However, this previously respected self-imposed restriction became an obstacle in the new international environment. The 1994 decision by the Federal Constitutional Court (FCC) made the deployment of the Bundeswehr outside NATO areas legally possible, although the FCC at the same time gave more power to the Bundestag, the German parliament, to control the deployment of the Bundeswehr. In the 1990s, the new military role for international crisis management demanded the military transformation of the Bundeswehr. Since the mid-1990s, many proposals were made to reform and reorganize the Bundeswehr, but they were not totally successful, because the domestic political discourse did not change as rapidly as the technical needs had changed. In addition, constraints upon the state budget made the reform even more difficult. After more than ten years of discussion, conscription was finally suspended under the strong leadership of the politically popular defense minister, Karl-Theodor zu Guttenberg. According to zu Guttenberg's reform, the Bundeswehr would be an effective, efficient and flexible military for international crisis management.The final section analyzes the implications of the reform of the Bundeswehr on Germany's security culture and foreign policy. Germany's security policy defined in multilateralism, i.e. within NATO and the EU, would stay unchanged. However, the new security environment might change the domestic understanding of Germany's military, and thus Germany's security culture in the future.

著者

Naoto Ito Ayana Ogasawara Mika Kawasumi Koji Mori Tomohisa Nagata Yoshihisa Fujino

出版者

Japan Society for Occupational Health

雑誌

Journal of Occupational Health (ISSN:13419145)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.62, no.1, pp.e12147, 2020 (Released:2020-11-25)

参考文献数

25

被引用文献数

1

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Objectives: To elucidate the factors that influence occupational physicians’ decision to issue an employer warning.Methods: The interview was conducted with 10 Japan Society for Occupational Health certified occupational physicians (COPs) and certified senior occupational physicians (CSOPs) to create nine fictive scenarios in which an occupational physician may need to consider issuing a warning. Sixteen CSOPs assessed the seriousness of the problem in each of nine scenarios where they may need to consider issuing an employer warning. Next, using a survey questionnaire, 597 COPs and CSOPs were asked to rate how likely they were to issue a warning in each of the nine scenarios, and answer items on their characteristics and number of previously issued warnings. A multilevel logistic regression analysis nested for various scenarios was used to assess the odds ratio (OR) of being likely to issue a warning.Results: Valid questionnaires were obtained from 117 participants (19.6%). The ORs and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were as follows: mean score of seriousness of the problem, 5.90 (4.50-7.75); years of experience as occupational physician, 1.04 (1.02-1.06); women, 1.75 (1.20-2.54); being a part-time occupational physician without in-house experience, 2.08 (1.31-3.29); and having previously issued two or more times warnings, 1.99 (1.29-3.06), compared with those who had never issued a warning.Conclusions: Occupational physicians’ likelihood to issue a warning was associated with the seriousness of the problem as assessed in various scenarios, years of experience as occupational physician, gender, employment type, experience as in-house occupational physician, and number of past warnings.

著者

今井 宏平

出版者

JAPAN ASSOCIATION OF INTERNATIONAL RELATIONS

雑誌

国際政治 (ISSN:04542215)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.2007, no.150, pp.186-202,L18, 2007-11-28 (Released:2010-09-01)

参考文献数

52

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The aim of this paper is to explore how Turkey contributes to American foreign policy during the Post-Cold War era, especially Middle Eastern dimension.The discussion has three parts. Firstly, this deals with American foreign policy toward the Middle East during Post-Cold War era and demonstrates American failure. Since the collapse of the Soviet Union, international order started to change and the United States intensified its hegemonic power. But America failed to manage Iraq War, and Middle East region is becoming disorder and nest of terrorism. Furthermore, Anti-Americanism is spreading rapidly in this region. The United States is coming to reach a deadlock.Secondly, Turkey will be situated “Transmission Middle Power” after Iraq War. Since the word of “Middle Power” is ambiguous, it has to be conceptualized at first. In this paper, “Middle Power” is classified as “Classical Middle Power”, “Functional Middle Power” and “Transmission Middle Power”. Historically, Turkey has been described as “Middle Power”. However, its role and quality of power have been changed by relationship of Great Power and international structure. Now, Turkey pioneers “Transmission Middle Power” by using historical and cultural factors.Thirdly, this focuses on American-Turkish relations. Since both states faced the Soviet threat during the Cold War period, Turkey contributed American containment policy. The end of bipolar system, however, changed their relationships. During the Gulf War, Turkey assisted the United States through economic sanction against Iraq and offered the multinational force to military bases. Turkey acted as “Classical Middle power” in the Cold War era. But after the Gulf War, both countries disagreed with OPC (Operation Provide Comfort) and OPCII in Northern Iraq. In Iraq War, Turkey did not offer to military bases. This was watershed of American-Turkish relations. After this decision, Turkey seeks to contribute to Middle Eastern stability as “Transmission Middle Power”. In particular, the Broader Middle East and North Africa (BMENA) is a good deliberative place among Middle Eastern countries to prevail democracy. Turkey is one of chair countries in Democracy Assistance Dialogue (DAD), which is a component of BMENA..In conclusion, Turkey is “Middle Power” so it has to keep good relationships with the United States to spread its influence toward International politics in the Post-Cold War era. However, the forms of cooperation have changed all the time by international affairs and structure. Now, “Transmission Middle Power” is the best form both America and Turkey.

著者

山田 浩一郎 清水 富弘

出版者

一般社団法人 日本温泉気候物理医学会

雑誌

日本温泉気候物理医学会雑誌 (ISSN:00290343)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.71, no.3, pp.167-172, 2008 (Released:2010-04-30)

参考文献数

14

被引用文献数

1

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PurposeIn recent years, relatively high humidity (100%) and low temperature (40°C) sauna systems called mist saunas have become popular for homes. It is reported that the impact of differing bathing conditions-namely tub bathing and mist sauna bathing-on the circulation of blood in the scalp have been verified in order to clarify the effects of mist sauna on scalp hair: a characteristic of concern to many men.MethodThe testing was performed on 8 healthy men in their twenties (average age: 23.6, average weight: 61.8kg, average height: 166cm). Bathing conditions were mist sauna at 40°C for 10 minutes and full body bathing at 40°C for 10 minutes. Blood circulation in the scalp was observed at the top of their heads using a laser Doppler blood flow meter attached to head gear. At the same time, the skin temperature and local perspiration on their foreheads were measured.Results and conclusionsImmediately after beginning bathing, the blood flow rose significantly higher during full body bathing than during the mist sauna. No change was observed as full body bathing continued, but during the mist sauna, the blood flow gradually increased until ultimately the blood flow was much higher during the mist sauna than during full body bathing. Based on this result, it is assumed that the increase of scalp blood flow during full body bathing was caused by hydrostatic pressure, and the increase caused by the mist sauna was the result of the heat effects.

著者

山中 克郎

出版者

一般社団法人 日本内科学会

雑誌

日本内科学会雑誌 (ISSN:00215384)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.108, no.12, pp.2454-2459, 2019-12-10 (Released:2020-12-10)

参考文献数

8

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救急患者の診察では,症状やバイタルサインから致死的疾患を想起し,red flag signがないか確認することが大切である.患者本人からの症状聴取が困難なときは,同伴者から情報を得るとよい.鑑別診断のヒントとなる重要なキーワードを病歴や所見から見つけることも,鑑別診断の効果的な絞り込みに役立つ.よくある疾患に対しては,典型的な症状があるかどうかを確認する.

著者

小林 静香 黒澤 友美

出版者

一般社団法人 日本農村医学会

雑誌

日本農村医学会雑誌 (ISSN:04682513)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.63, no.1, pp.61-69, 2014 (Released:2014-07-24)

参考文献数

2

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2011年3月11日の東日本大震災時, A病院の手術室は4件の手術中で, 一時中断はしたがその後予定通り終了することができた。今回, 地震を体験した手術室看護師が実際どのような行動をしたのか, またその時の心情の実態を明らかにし, 今後の災害時の行動指針作成の参考にする。 〔方法〕手術室看護師に対し, 地震発生時・発生後の行動や心情, 手術室防災マニュアルの理解度と行動, 今後の対策について質問紙法で調査した。 〔結果・考察〕地震発生時は, 多くの看護師が不安や恐怖を感じていたが, その状況下でも患者の安全確保, 不安の軽減を図る行動を優先して行っていた。一方, 術野の清潔保持に対する注意などマニュアル記載事項の実施が不充分な事も明らかになった。災害時は速やかに, 患者の安全確保・不安を軽減させる対応が重要である。今後, フローチャートの掲示, 定期的な訓練の実施など災害対策を検討する必要がある。

著者

山田 満

出版者

JAPAN ASSOCIATION OF INTERNATIONAL RELATIONS

雑誌

国際政治 (ISSN:04542215)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.1997, no.116, pp.46-63,L8, 1997-10-18 (Released:2010-09-01)

参考文献数

50

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ASEAN will be composed of ten countries in the near future. The forms of government in the ASEAN countries is conceptualized as authoritarian regime for development. Authoritarian regimes in ASEAN take many forms such as military regime, single-party dictatorships, the ruling coalition, personalist autocracies, and absolute monarchies. They refuse the concept of Western democracy claiming that it does not bring stability and development for developing countries. The authoritarian characteristics of the Indonesian government and the Malaysian goverment are analyzed in this paper.The Suharto government is called the “New Order”. Suharto controlled the army, the bureaucracy, and the business community. He is supported by Golkar, which is a corporatist group that includes the entire bureaucracy, the armed forces, and the business sector. Golkar has won six elections overwhelmingly since the advent of the New Order. He promotes the economy for development in Indonesia based on the authoritarian system which is supported by the army, technocrats, and Golkar.The Mahathir government is supported by an UMNO-led coalition of parties representing the three ethic groups. The Malaysian government has promoted the New Economic Policy which eradicates poverty and channels more of the nation's wealth to the Malays during 1971-1990. Mahathir attempts to complete his developmental policies through some visions such as “Look East policy, ” “Malaysia Incorporated, ” and “Vision 2020.” The purpose of his authoritarian regime for development regime is to realize the ethic balance after the disturbance of 1969. His popularity becomes higher and higher because of his leaderships. This was seen in the overwhelming victory of the 1995 election.Finally, the middle class is growing in ASEAN. Do they contribute to democratization in their own countries? In the case of both countries, they are conservative generally because their consumptive lives depend on the developmental government. However, I conclude that the degree of democratization between the two becomes greater and greater because of the size of population, the characteristics of leaderships, the rise of the middle class, and the distribution of economic development.

出版者

国立国会図書館

巻号頁・発行日

no.(217), 2018-04

著者

内田 あや 大橋 美佳 中村 美保 松田 秀人

出版者

名古屋文理大学

雑誌

名古屋文理大学紀要 (ISSN:13461982)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.8, pp.33-39, 2008-03

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米飯食は伝統的な日本型食生活の中心であり,日本食は肥満や糖尿病食として推奨されている.米飯食が血糖コントロールの面から良い食品であるかをパン食と比較検討した.被験者は19〜20歳の健常な女性35名で,被験食品(約350kcal)を10分間で摂取させた.空腹時,食後30分,60分,90分,120分の計5回指先より採血し血糖測定器で測定した.その結果,空腹時血糖値は全員110mg/dL未満で耐糖能異常者はいなかった.食後60分,90分,120分の来飯食の血糖値がパン食より有意に高かった.また,体脂肪率30%以上の被験者ではパン食と米飯食間での有意差はなく,30%未満では食後60分,90分,120分の米飯食の血糖値がパン食より有意に高かった.米飯食で比較すると体脂肪30%未満が30%以上に比べて食後30分値が有意に高かったが,パン食では有意差はなかった.体脂肪率30%以上の人には内臓脂肪によるインスリン抵抗性が惹起しているのではないかと考えられる.