著者

Allan ole Kwallah Shingo Inoue Anne Wangari Thairu-Muigai Nancy Kuttoh Kouichi Morita Matilu Mwau

出版者

国立感染症研究所 Japanese Journal of Infectious Diseases 編集委員会

雑誌

Japanese Journal of Infectious Diseases (ISSN:13446304)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.68, no.3, pp.230-234, 2015 (Released:2015-05-20)

参考文献数

22

被引用文献数

11

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Yellow fever (YF), which is caused by a mosquito-borne virus, is an important viral hemorrhagic fever endemic in equatorial Africa and South America. Yellow fever virus (YFV) is the prototype of the family Flaviviridae and genus Flavivirus. The aim of this study was to determine the seroprevalence of YFV in selected health facilities in Western Kenya during the period 2010–2012. A total of 469 serum samples from febrile patients were tested for YFV antibodies using in-house IgM-capture ELISA, in-house indirect IgG ELISA, and 50% focus reduction neutralization test (FRNT50). The present study did not identify any IgM ELISA-positive cases, indicating absence of recent YFV infection in the area. Twenty-eight samples (6%) tested positive for YFV IgG, because of either YFV vaccination or past exposure to various flaviviruses including YFV. Five cases were confirmed by FRNT50; of these, 4 were either vaccination or natural infection during the YF outbreak in 1992–1993 or another period and 1 case was confirmed as a West Nile virus infection. Domestication and routine performance of arboviral differential diagnosis will help to address the phenomenon of pyrexia of unknown origin, contribute to arboviral research in developing countries, and enhance regular surveillance.

著者

Tomoko Shigemori Atsushi Sakai Toru Takumi Yasuhiko Itoh Hidenori Suzuki

出版者

日本医科大学医学会

雑誌

Journal of Nippon Medical School (ISSN:13454676)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.82, no.2, pp.92-99, 2015-04-15 (Released:2015-05-08)

参考文献数

54

被引用文献数

1 14

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Background and Purpose: Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a neurodevelopmental disorder with a strong genetic basis. Although anxiety is a common major psychiatric condition in ASD, the underlying mechanisms of the anxiety are poorly understood. In individuals with ASD, evidence indicates a structural abnormality in the amygdala, a key component involved in anxiety and social behavior. Microglia, which are central nervous system-resident immune cells implicated in neurodevelopmental processes, are also reportedly altered in ASD. In the present study, we examined the involvement of microglia in the anxiety-related behaviors of ASD model mouse. Methods: Mice that have a 6.3-Mb paternal duplication (patDp/+) corresponding to human chromosome 15q11-q13 were used as an ASD model. Iba1, a microglial activation marker, was examined in the amygdala using immunofluorescence. Effects of perinatal treatment with minocycline, a microglial modulator, on anxiety-related behaviors were examined in neonatal and adolescent patDp/+ mice. Results: In patDp/+ mice, Iba1 was decreased in the basolateral amygdala at postnatal day 7, but not at postnatal days 37-40. Perinatal treatment with minocycline restored the Iba1 expression and reduced anxiety-related behaviors in patDp/+ adolescent mice. Conclusions: Perinatal microglia in the basolateral amygdala may play a pathogenic role in the anxiety observed in a mouse model of ASD with duplication of human chromosome 15q11-q13.

著者

木村 昌紀

出版者

公益社団法人 日本心理学会

雑誌

心理学研究 (ISSN:00215236)

巻号頁・発行日

pp.86.13003, (Released:2015-05-28)

参考文献数

46

被引用文献数

1

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How do people inferentially evaluate others’ levels of intimacy with friends? We examined the inferential evaluation of intimacy based on the observation of interpersonal communication. In Experiment 1, participants (N = 41) responded to questions after observing conversations between friends. Results indicated that participants inferentially evaluated not only goodness of communication, but also intimacy between friends, using an expressivity heuristic approach. In Experiment 2, we investigated how inferential evaluation of intimacy was affected by prior information about relationships and by individual differences in face-to-face interactional ability. Participants (N = 64) were divided into prior- and no-prior-information groups and all performed the same task as in Experiment 1. Additionally, their interactional ability was assessed. In the prior-information group, individual differences had no effect on inferential evaluation of intimacy. On the other hand, in the no-prior-information group, face-to-face interactional ability partially influenced evaluations of intimacy. Finally, we discuss the fact that to understand one’s social environment, it is important to observe others’ interpersonal communications.

著者

織田 利彦 音喜多 亨 津久家 智光 橋場 加奈

出版者

一般社団法人 システム制御情報学会

雑誌

システム制御情報学会論文誌 (ISSN:13425668)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.11, no.8, pp.466-476, 1998-08-15 (Released:2011-10-13)

参考文献数

20

被引用文献数

1 2

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For the purpose of implementing the coordinated traffic signal control, urban road networks in Japan are divided into several sub-areas. Each sub-area consists of a series of signal intersections. The traffic signal timing is optimized within each sub-area and reflects the local traffic situation. Since there is no well-established method of decomposing a traffic network into sub-areas, the decomposition is determined by skillful engineers based on their experience. This paper proposes a new method of decomposition, which is based on an effectiveness index reflecting the traffic delay and the topological structure of the sub-area network. To evaluate the performance of our approach, simulation experiments are carried out for an actual road network. The results show that the decomposition obtained by our method outperforms the conventional decomposition in terms of the employed performance index.

著者

MICHAEL J. BERAN BONNIE M. PERDUE THEODORE A. EVANS

出版者

日本動物心理学会

雑誌

動物心理学研究 (ISSN:09168419)

巻号頁・発行日

pp.65.1.2, (Released:2015-04-22)

参考文献数

56

被引用文献数

2

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Prospective memory requires forming an intention that cannot be completed at the present time, remembering that intention, and then recognizing the appropriate time to execute it. We review recent work in our laboratory that has revealed prospective memory-like patterns of performance in nonhuman primates. Rhesus monkeys and capuchin monkeys were given computerized tasks in which the monkeys either had to remember a future response they could not make immediately, or they sometimes saw a particular stimulus during an ongoing task they had to remember to later indicate seeing or not seeing. Most monkeys succeeded on these tasks and even anticipated the necessary responses. Chimpanzees also showed evidence of prospective memory. They appeared to form intentions about less valuable food items that they did not want immediately but would want later, and they responded at a later time when it was possible to obtain those items. Even when the response option was embedded within an ongoing task, the chimpanzees still showed some success in remembering to carry out the prospective intention. This research indicates that nonhuman primates form intentions for future responses, maintain those intentions during a delay, and execute them at an appropriate time.

著者

阪本(後藤) 純子

出版者

JAPANESE ASSOCIATION OF INDIAN AND BUDDHIST STUDIES

雑誌

印度學佛教學研究 (ISSN:00194344)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.49, no.2, pp.958-953, 2001-03-20 (Released:2010-03-09)

著者

藤井 守男

出版者

一般社団法人 日本オリエント学会

雑誌

オリエント (ISSN:00305219)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.44, no.1, pp.161-164, 2001-09-30 (Released:2010-03-12)

著者

前原 和平

出版者

一般社団法人 日本農村医学会

雑誌

日本農村医学会雑誌 (ISSN:04682513)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.61, no.6, pp.802-806, 2013 (Released:2013-07-23)

出版者

公益社団法人 日本農芸化学会

雑誌

化学と生物 (ISSN:0453073X)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.40, no.10, pp.660-664, 2002-10-25 (Released:2009-05-25)

著者

白波瀬 佐和子

出版者

公益財団法人 日本学術協力財団

雑誌

学術の動向 (ISSN:13423363)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.20, no.1, pp.1_46-1_51, 2015-01-01 (Released:2015-05-01)

参考文献数

12

著者

北原 圭一

出版者

一般社団法人 日本オリエント学会

雑誌

オリエント (ISSN:00305219)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.42, no.2, pp.159-172, 1999 (Released:2010-03-12)

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The Qur'an's story of Yusuf (=Joseph; Surah 12), parallel to the Joseph story in the Bible (Genesis 37-50), is said to be the best (or the most beautiful) of all stories (Ahsan al-qasas), It was elaborated in the post-Qura'nic legend, that is, Hadith, “tafsir (exegesis)”, Qisas al-Anbiya' (tales of the Prophets), etc., and became one of the favorite subject matters particularly in Persian poetry. There are many works entitled Yusuf u Zulaykha (=Potiphar's wife) in it, of which the most estimated is a fifteenth century prominent mystical poet, 'Abd al-Rahman Jami (d. 1492)'s.In addition to these independent works of Yusuf u Zulaykha, many Persian poets made the most of this story as edifying anecdote in their poetical works, for instance, Farid al-Din 'Attar (d. ca. 1221)'s Mantiq al-Tayr, Sa'di Shirazi (d. 1292)'s Bustan (Sa'di-nameh), and so forth.From the folkloristic point of view, as Shalom Goldman states in The Wiles of Women/The Wiles of Men (1995), the Yusuf story consists of three motifs: “Potiphar's Wife motif”, “the motif of the Wise Man as Saviour”, and “the motif of the Young Man Triumphant”. When we examine the development of the Yusuf story in Persian literature, “Potiphar's Wife motif” is the most important of the three. Because a lot of Persian poets such as 'Attar, Jami, took up this motif in their works by preference as stated above.In this paper is examined the development of the “Potiphar's Wife motif” as a significant part of the Yusuf story and her image in Persian literature. As to the image of Potiphar's Wife, she is usually described as a wicked woman in many narratives that deal with this motif. But for most of the Persian poets she isn't the like of it. Her passionate love for Yusuf is rewarded on account of its strength, and through the power of repentance she becomes “a blessed woman” in the end.

著者

嶋田 襄平

出版者

一般社団法人 日本オリエント学会

雑誌

オリエント (ISSN:00305219)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.13, no.3-4, pp.143-151,A200, 1970 (Released:2010-03-12)

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Circumstantial evidence is, as Dr. Soheil M. Afnan points out, in favour of Ibn al-Nadim's statement that Khalid b. Yazid b. Mu'awiya was the first to order the translation of Greek and Coptic books on medicine, astronomy and alchemy into Arabic; yet these precursory translators could not find their immediate successors. The intellectual awakening, which began with the establishment of the Abbasid dynasty and resulted in the brilliant age of translation, was a natural outcome of secretarial translations from Pahlevi under the late Umayyads. The present writer attempts to collect sporadic informations on earlier Arabic translators and on Pahlevi translation of Aristotelian logics by way of Syriac in the Sasanid period.

著者

小林 寧子

出版者

東南アジア学会/山川出版社

雑誌

東南アジア -歴史と文化- (ISSN:03869040)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.1993, no.22, pp.95-121, 1993-06-01 (Released:2010-02-25)

参考文献数

29

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It has long been accepted in academic circles that after the first wave of Islamization in Java, Muslim society became rather stagnant until the rise of the Modern Islamic Movements at the beginning of this century. Such a view overlooks the dynamism of Islam, and has contributed to creating the image of a “superficially Islamized Java”. However, if we look into this problem from another aspect, namely language, we can find a new dimension and it will show how deeply Javanese society has in fact been Islamized.The Arabic Language forms the basis for Islamic concepts. In the development of Islam Arabic words were borrowed by many Asian and African languages. Javanese also contains a plenty of Arabic words with certain phonetical changes. These Arabic loan words carry Islamic messages and influence the way Javanese think. Nowadays in daily conversation the fact of using Arabic loan words is almost unnoticed since such words are so deeply rooted in modern Javanese and so commonly used.Historically speaking by the beginning of 19th century Javanese had already contained many Arabic words. For examble, in Yasadipura I's Serat Cabolek which reflects the Javanese intellectual standard of the time, we find more than 150 Arabic loan words, which are used not only as religious and ethical terms but also scientific and legal ones.Furthermore, from the Arabic loan words that appear in Raffle's lexicon of the Javanese language, based on his stay in Java during the years 1811-1816, we recognize a great change taking place in Javanese religious life. First, time concepts are expressed by Arabic words, meaning that their daily life was organized around Muslim pious duties and festivals. Secondly, it became more important to record, and also more socially respectable to have “knowledge” or to become a learned man. Thirdly, Islamic law was applied and disputes were judged based on it. Moreover, Javanese values were manifested in Arabic loan words. It can safely be said that by this time Javanese life was deeply influenced by Islam.In the late years of the last century, a Dutch Orientalist, Juynboll, collected Arabic loan words in Javanese. From his list we can add more terms to those found in the work of Yasadipra I concerning religion, ethics, psychology, science, law, and society.How these words came into the Javanese language is somewhat of an enigma, since Java had never been colonized by the Arabs and the number of Arab inhabitants in Java was so very limited. We should give notice to the fact that most of those Arabic words carry rather abstract meanings and do not express concrete things. This means that these words were learned as scholastic activities and spread from there throughout the rest of society.In this respect it is noteworthy that the traditional religious schools, like the langgar and pesantren were the source of Javanese knowledge until the end of the 19th century. In these schools kitab (religious books written in Arabic) were used, and the main subject was Islamic Law, followed by Islamic Theology. Islamic Law is designed to regulate the relationships between God and human beings, as well as also relationships among “the faithful”. Islamic Jurisprudence as taught in the kitab discusses interpretations and applications of the law. Islamic Theology concentrates on the problem of how human behaviour is recognized rationally, arguing human beings are responsible for their own conduct, so it requires normative terms. It is strongly suggested that Arabic words were first learned by santri (pupils of Islamic schools) and then carried to the rest of society.In the modern age Arabic loan words still form the core of the Javanese language, and without them the Javanese would be unable to express their thoughts. This is even more true with the Indonesian language and the Indonesians. A lot of new foreign words from Dutch and Eng

著者

Mariko OISHI Koichi OHNO Toru SATO Takashi TAMAMOTO Hideyuki KANEMOTO Kenjiro FUKUSHIMA Hajime TSUJIMOTO

出版者

公益社団法人 日本獣医学会

雑誌

Journal of Veterinary Medical Science (ISSN:09167250)

巻号頁・発行日

pp.15-0149, (Released:2015-06-05)

被引用文献数

1 2

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Pancreatic lipase immunoreactivity (Spec fPL) is currently considered to be the most accurate blood test for the diagnosis of feline pancreatitis. In this study, we measured lipase activity in cats using a newer catalytic lipase assay of dry-chemistry system (FDC-v-LIP) to determine the reference range and compared the results with those for Spec fPL. Based on the results of healthy cats, the reference range of FDC-v-LIP was determined to be less than 30 U/l. FDC-v-lip did not show a strong correlation with Spec fPL in cats with various diseases, which resulted in the low sensitivity and positive predictive value. However, the relatively high (>90%) specificity and negative predictive value indicated that FDC-v-LIP could be a useful patient-side screening test for the exclusion of feline pancreatitis.

著者

Daiki KATO Mariko OISHI Koichi OHNO Ko NAKASHIMA Atsuhito WADA Tatsushi MORITA Soichi IMAI Masaya TSUBOI James Kenn CHAMBERS Kazuyuki UCHIDA Hajime TSUJIMOTO

出版者

公益社団法人 日本獣医学会

雑誌

Journal of Veterinary Medical Science (ISSN:09167250)

巻号頁・発行日

pp.15-0158, (Released:2015-06-05)

被引用文献数

1 6

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Ollulanus tricuspis is a small nematode parasite of the stomach, and its infection has been reported worldwide in cats but only one report in dogs as post-mortem diagnosis. Two dogs, kept in the Tokyo area, were presented for chronic vomiting. Chronic gastritis was diagnosed histologically, and many nematodes were detected in endoscopically-biopsied gastric samples and in the mucus of vomitus in both dogs. The parasites were small (<1 mm), and their morphological characteristics were consistent with those previously reported for O. tricuspis. The symptoms in one dog completely disappeared after anthelmintic therapy. To our knowledge, this is the first report describing ante-mortem diagnosis of spontaneous gastric O. tricuspis infection in dogs in which infectivity and pathogenicity of the nematode are suggested.

著者

島 純 田中 晃一 中村 敏英

出版者

公益社団法人 日本農芸化学会

雑誌

化学と生物 (ISSN:0453073X)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.52, no.6, pp.351-353, 2014-06-01 (Released:2015-06-01)

参考文献数

7

著者

長谷部 史彦

出版者

一般社団法人 日本オリエント学会

雑誌

オリエント (ISSN:00305219)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.44, no.1, pp.165-168, 2001-09-30 (Released:2010-03-12)

著者

佐藤 英洋 内海 真紀 宮川 英子 山﨑 宏人 安江 静香 高見 昭良

出版者

一般社団法人 日本臨床衛生検査技師会

雑誌

医学検査 (ISSN:09158669)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.64, no.1, pp.22-26, 2015-01-25 (Released:2015-03-10)

参考文献数

12

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急性白血病など血液がん患者の一部に血液型A・B抗原の発現低下が認められる。血液型亜型・キメラなどのA・B抗原の発現低下と鑑別するために,フローサイトメトリー(FCM)法でABH抗原に転換するオリゴ糖末端付近にあるI抗原発現動態を解析した。A・B抗原減弱を伴う血液疾患と非血液疾患の発現率と蛍光強度を統計学的に比較したところ,I抗原の発現率が血液疾患のみ有意に低下していた。よって,FCM法によるI抗原解析で,血液疾患によるA・B抗原発現低下と先天性の特殊血液型を鑑別できる可能性が高い。

出版者

一般社団法人 日本輸血・細胞治療学会

雑誌

日本輸血学会雑誌 (ISSN:05461448)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.10, no.3-5, pp.71-88, 1964 (Released:2010-03-12)

著者

錦織 淳美

出版者

公益社団法人 日本薬学会

雑誌

YAKUGAKU ZASSHI (ISSN:00316903)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.134, no.3, pp.363-366, 2014 (Released:2014-03-01)

参考文献数

4

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In 2012, a new medical fee system was introduced for the clinical activities of hospital pharmacists responsible for in-patient pharmacotherapy monitoring in medical institutions in Japan. The new medical system demands greater efforts to provide the most suitable and safest medicine for each patient. By applying the concept of academic detailing to clinical pharmacists' roles in hospitals, I present drug use evaluation in three disease states (peptic ulcer, insomnia, and osteoporosis). To analyze these from multiple aspects, we not only need knowledge of drug monographs (clinical and adverse drug effects), but also the ability to evaluate a patient's adherence and cost-effectiveness. If we combine the idea of academic detailing with a clinical pharmacist's role, it is necessary to strengthen drug information skills, such as guideline or literature search skills and journal evaluation. Simultaneously, it is important to introduce new pharmaceutical education curriculums regarding evidence-based medicine (EBM), pharmacoeconomics, and professional communication in order to explore pharmacists' roles in the future.