著者

石山 恒貴

出版者

経営行動科学学会

雑誌

経営行動科学 (ISSN:09145206)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.26, no.2, pp.115-132, 2013 (Released:2014-08-01)

参考文献数

36

被引用文献数

2 1

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The increase in knowledge acquisition and co-configuration work has in the past prompted discussions about the impact of changes in learning beyond company borders. The purpose of this study is to analyze how brokers in external communities of practice can introduce external practices into internal communities of practice. A total of 15 brokers were interviewed in this study. The major findings are as follows: 1) Brokers acquire skills suited to co-configuration work. 2) Brokering generates conflicts in internal communities of practice. However, eventually, brokers can introduce external practices into such communities. Therefore it is suggested that companies should understand the importance of brokering and its role in internalizing new practices.

出版者

特定非営利活動法人 日本心臓血管外科学会

雑誌

日本心臓血管外科学会雑誌 (ISSN:02851474)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.37, no.Supplement, pp.S155-S192, 2008-01-31 (Released:2009-12-09)

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[発行日:2008/01/31][公開日:2009/12/09]

著者

瀬尾 憲正

出版者

日本臨床麻酔学会

雑誌

日本臨床麻酔学会誌 (ISSN:02854945)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.28, no.3, pp.498-512, 2008 (Released:2008-06-07)

参考文献数

23

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「エホバの証人」 信者の宗教的理由による輸血拒否への医療従事者の対応には, いわゆる 「絶対的無輸血」 と 「相対的無輸血」 の立場がある. これまで 「エホバの証人」 信者の輸血拒否に関する訴訟は散見されるが, いずれの立場をとるべきかについては, 法令による規制はない. 自治医科大学附属病院は2007年8月30日より 「絶対的無輸血」 から 「相対的無輸血」 の立場をとることに変更した. 対応においては, 宗教的理由による輸血拒否を人格権として認めるとともに, 病院全体としての立場を明示し, 十分に説明した後に, 病院の立場を認めるかどうかについて, 宗教的圧迫にも配慮して自由に意思決定ができるようにすることが重要である.

著者

佐々木 大 林 怜史

出版者

日本作物学会

雑誌

日本作物学会講演会要旨集 第236回日本作物学会講演会

巻号頁・発行日

pp.210, 2013 (Released:2013-09-08)

著者

Toshiyuki TAKAHASHI Akira MATSUI Kazutaka MUKAI Hajime OHMURA Atsushi HIRAGA Hiroko AIDA

出版者

日本ウマ科学会

雑誌

Journal of Equine Science (ISSN:13403516)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.25, no.4, pp.73-77, 2014 (Released:2014-12-15)

参考文献数

15

被引用文献数

4

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It is important to know the effects of the inclination of a slope on the activity of each muscle, because training by running on a sloped track is commonly used for Thoroughbred racehorses. The effects of incline (from −6 to +6%) on the forelimbs and hind limbs during walking and trotting on a treadmill were evaluated by an integrated electromyogram (iEMG). The muscle activities in the forelimbs (5 horses) and hind limbs (4 horses) were measured separately. Two stainless steel wires were inserted into each of the brachiocephalicus (Bc), biceps brachii (BB), splenius (Sp), and pectoralis descendens (PD) in the forelimb experiment and into the longissimus dorsi (LD), vastus lateralis (VL), gluteus medius (GM), and biceps femoris (BF) in the hind limb experiment. The EMG recordings were taken at a sampling rate of 1,000 Hz. At a walk, the iEMG values for the forelimb were not significantly different under any of the inclinations. In the hind limb, the iEMG values for the GM and BF significantly decreased as the inclination decreased. At a trot, the iEMG values for the Bc in the forelimb significantly decreased as the inclination of the treadmill decreased. In the hind limb, the iEMG values for the LD, GM, and BF significantly decreased as the inclination decreased. Uphill exercise increased the iEMG values for the Bc, LD, GM, and BF, while downhill exercise resulted in little increase in the iEMG values. It was concluded that the effects of inclination on the muscle activities were larger for the uphill exercises, and for the hind limb muscles compared with the forelimb muscles.

著者

辻村 清也

出版者

炭素材料学会

雑誌

炭素 (ISSN:03715345)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.2014, no.265, pp.195-203, 2014-11-15 (Released:2014-12-15)

参考文献数

88

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In this review, recent developments in enzymatic biofuel cell (EBFC) technology are reviewed. A general introduction to EBFCs, including their operating principles and applications, is provided. The electron transfer mechanism, mediator and enzyme materials (anode and cathode) are discussed. EBFCs are promising for sustainable green energy applications; however, they are still at an early stage of development, with many yet-to-be-resolved fundamental scientific and engineering problems. Two critical problems are short lifetime and poor power density, both of which are related to enzyme stability, electron transfer rate, and enzyme loading. To achieve the practical application of EBFCs, a promising approach is to use porous carbon materials as enzyme supports. Strategies for the design of hierarchically structured supports with both mesopores and macropores are considered. The large surface area of these mesoporous materials can increase the enzyme loading and electron transfer efficiency. The macropores enable efficient biocatalyst and fuel transport. The essential properties of the resulting materials with respect to the EBFC application are also discussed. A combination of electron transfer technology and porous carbon material would be helpful in achieving a much higher and stable current output, thus contributing to a practical advance in the sustainable energy field.

著者

Takashi Kohno

出版者

日本循環器学会

雑誌

Circulation Journal (ISSN:13469843)

巻号頁・発行日

pp.CJ-14-1329, (Released:2014-12-15)

参考文献数

17

被引用文献数

12 16

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The American Heart Association (AHA) Scientific Sessions were held in Chicago on November 15–19, 2014. The meeting attracted more than 17,000 participants, including physicians, research scientists, students, and paramedical personnel, from more than 100 countries. Sessions over the 5 days included comprehensive and unparalleled education delivered via more than 5,000 presentations, with 1,000 invited faculty members and 4,000 abstract presentations from world leaders in cardiovascular (CV) disease. There were 16 trials scheduled in 4 late-breaking clinical trial sessions. The Dual Antiplatelet Therapy study revealed that aspirin plus a thienopyridine beyond 1 year subsequent to placement of a drug-eluting stent, as compared with aspirin therapy alone, significantly reduced stent thrombosis and major CV and cerebrovascular events but was associated with increased risk of bleeding. The IMPROVE-IT research showed that, relative to simvastatin with placebo, simvastatin with 10 mg of ezetimibe daily led to a significantly lower primary combined endpoint in moderate- to high-risk patients, who stabilized following acute coronary syndrome. This was the first trial to demonstrate incremental clinical benefit by adding a nonstatin agent to statin therapy and reaffirmed the low-density lipoprotein (LDL) hypothesis stating that reducing LDL-cholesterol prevents CV events. Summaries and overviews of both the late-breaking trials and the sessions to which members of the Japanese Circulation Society contributed are presented.

著者

栗山 規矩

出版者

一般社団法人 経営情報学会

雑誌

経営情報学会 全国研究発表大会要旨集 2008年秋季全国研究発表大会

巻号頁・発行日

pp.53, 2008 (Released:2009-01-07)

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石巻経済は経済のグローバル化、情報化、少子化のもとで、停滞している。情報化のもとで、デジタル格差が拡大している。人口の減少が予測される。石巻地域の持続的発展と活性化のための1つの方法は外部からの交流人口を増やすことである。しかし、石巻市の観光関連業者の主たる通信手段は電話とfaxである。交流人口を増やすためには、石巻観光協会のホームページを充実する必要がある。このために、観光情報を発掘、収集、創出、編集を地域SNSによって行い、観光協会のHPを常時更新するシステムとして、石巻ユビキタス観光情報センターシステムを作ることを試みている。本報告では、現状と課題を説明し、解決のための指針を見出したい。

著者

杉之原 真子

出版者

一般財団法人 日本国際政治学会

雑誌

国際政治 (ISSN:04542215)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.2013, no.171, pp.171_144-171_155, 2013-01-30 (Released:2014-12-13)

参考文献数

21

著者

小幡 哲史 中村 敏枝 河瀬 諭 片平 建史 安田 晶子 谷口 智子 正田 悠

出版者

日本認知心理学会

雑誌

日本認知心理学会発表論文集 日本認知心理学会第5回大会

巻号頁・発行日

pp.27, 2007 (Released:2007-10-01)

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演奏者は複数人で演奏を行う際,演奏音やそれ以外の感性情報を用いて,演奏を合わせていると考えられる。本研究では特に演奏者が使用する呼吸情報に注目した。演奏者はお互いのタイミングを合わせることや,楽曲の構造上,演奏者が息継ぎをするためなどに,呼吸情報を使用していると考えられるが,このような点について定量的に分析した研究例は数少ない。そこで本研究では2人のバイオリン奏者による演奏実験を,対面条件と非対面条件で実施し,演奏音と演奏者の呼吸情報の使用について定量的に分析した。その結果,対面条件においてのみ2人の演奏者が呼吸情報を使用する箇所や,対面,非対面に関わらず2人の演奏者が呼吸情報を使用する箇所が見られた。このことから,演奏者は演奏を行う際に呼吸情報を使用してお互いのタイミングを合わせていることや,楽曲の構造上,演奏者自身のために呼吸情報を使用していることが示唆された。

著者

前中 一介

出版者

一般社団法人 電気学会

雑誌

電気学会論文誌E(センサ・マイクロマシン部門誌) (ISSN:13418939)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.134, no.12, pp.372-377, 2014 (Released:2014-12-01)

被引用文献数

1 3

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This paper describes a human activity monitoring system including various MEMS sensors. Currently, health care devices are in the limelight because aging of society has been progressing and it is required that we should take care our health by ourselves without the help of younger people. For health care, a continuous monitoring system for human activity is effective. The patch type devices, which are installed directly on the body, are one of the candidates for suitable human monitoring system that watches over the daily activity and physical and mental conditions. In this paper, background of the work, current status, requests to the devices and example devices will be shown as well as the example data for activity monitoring. Finally, future demands for the monitoring system are discussed.

著者

Junjiro SHINTAKU Koichi NAKAGAWA Koichi OGAWA Tetsuo YOSHIMOTO

出版者

グローバルビジネスリサーチセンター・東京大学MERC

雑誌

Annals of Business Administrative Science (ISSN:13474464)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.13, no.6, pp.353-367, 2014-12-15 (Released:2014-12-15)

参考文献数

16

被引用文献数

1 3

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Historically, Japanese firms have been leading the optical disk industry in technological development and market development; however, Taiwanese and Korean firms are quickly catching up and have surpassed Japanese firms in terms of production volume. This paper focuses on the optical disk industry in Taiwan and analyzes the factors that have enabled Taiwanese firms to quickly catch up to Japanese firms. Our analysis show that cooperation with Japanese firms and international specialization have been the prerequisites of business activities in Taiwanese firms. This suggests that symbiotic relationships as well as competitive rivalries exist between firms in developed countries and those in developing countries that are quickly catching up.

著者

Nobuo TAKAHASHI Hirofumi OHKAWA Nobuyuki INAMIZU

出版者

グローバルビジネスリサーチセンター・東京大学MERC

雑誌

Annals of Business Administrative Science (ISSN:13474464)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.13, no.6, pp.343-352, 2014-12-15 (Released:2014-12-15)

参考文献数

16

被引用文献数

4 8

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Japanese companies often criticize themselves on their own “nurumayu [lukewarm] nature”; however, in reality, according to Takahashi (1989), the lukewarm feeling felt by organization members can be explained through the effective temperature hypothesis. An organization's propensity to change as a system is measured as system temperature, while a member's propensity to change as an organization person is measured as body temperature. The lukewarm feeling felt by members can then be explained using effective temperature, which is defined as the system temperature minus the body temperature. This paper validates the effective temperature hypothesis using data from Survey X, an exhaustive survey of all employees of Japanese Company X, which is successful in organizational reform. The survey was carried out once a fiscal year, during the fiscal years 2004–2013. Like the results of the JPC Survey of Takahashi (2013), those of Survey X show the coefficient of determination of 0.9840 with a surprisingly neat straight line, demonstrating a direct relationship wherein the lukewarm feeling ratio drops as the effective temperature rises.

著者

Yuichiro MUKAI

出版者

グローバルビジネスリサーチセンター・東京大学MERC

雑誌

Annals of Business Administrative Science (ISSN:13474464)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.13, no.6, pp.329-342, 2014-12-15 (Released:2014-12-15)

参考文献数

18

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Brusoni, Prencipe, and Pavitt (2001) posited that the digitization of aircraft engine control systems in the early 1980s caused loose organizational coupling. During this period, the number of control parameters indeed increased significantly with the introduction of full authority digital engine control (FADEC). However, during the period categorized by Brusoni et al. (2001) as the hydromechanical (analog) generation, digital technologies such as analog electronic and supervisory controls were gradually introduced. Moreover, with regard to technological changes in aircraft turbofan engines and control systems, technological improvements in engine power systems were evident in the 1960s and 1970s in terms of the bypass ratio, overall pressure ratio, and turbine inlet temperature. Although engine power systems witnessed negligible technological innovation in the 1980s, control systems improved as the number of control parameters increased due to the advent of FADEC. Subsequently, in the 1990s, great technological strides were made in engine power systems. Hence, technological changes in engine power systems and control systems always occurred alternately. Brusoni et al.'s claim that the decline in organizational coupling was due to the even rate of technological change in engines and control systems or the predictability in their interdependence miss the mark in light of the transition history of engine and control systems.

著者

Yukihiko OKADA Nobuyuki INAMIZU

出版者

グローバルビジネスリサーチセンター・東京大学MERC

雑誌

Annals of Business Administrative Science (ISSN:13474464)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.13, no.6, pp.315-328, 2014-12-15 (Released:2014-12-15)

参考文献数

9

被引用文献数

4 8

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In this study, all employees (including part-time employees) of a shinkin bank were surveyed using the organizational activation diagnostic tool “oractika,” developed by Takahashi (1997). Similar to Takahashi (2014), the results of the survey confirmed a mostly linear, positive relationship between the perspective index and job satisfaction and a mostly linear, negative relationship between the perspective index and the desire to quit one's job. In other words, as the perspective index increases, job satisfaction also increases, decreasing the desire to quit one's job. A further analysis by job type showed that, among part-time employees, overall job satisfaction tended to be high. At the same time, they tended to show an equally strong or somewhat stronger desire to quit one's job in comparison with other types of employees. These findings suggest that part-time employees dissatisfied with their work often quit their jobs, whereas those who continue have higher job satisfaction.

著者

Nobuo TAKAHASHI

出版者

グローバルビジネスリサーチセンター・東京大学MERC

雑誌

Annals of Business Administrative Science (ISSN:13474464)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.13, no.6, pp.299-313, 2014-12-15 (Released:2014-12-15)

参考文献数

27

被引用文献数

2 3

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The price of patents is limited by four sides of business management: (1) avoiding costs of the patent in question; (2) founder's profit of inventors, such as researchers and engineers, to bear risks involved in business establishment; (3) factors supporting competitive advantage identified in the resource-based view of strategic management; and (4) negative impact of big money for the researcher's invention. This tetragon of limitations bounds the price range of patents. This is illustrated by exemplifying the blue LED lawsuit case in Japan. This study presents the four side views on the differences between what companies pursue and what employee inventors pursue. However, these various differences make it possible to coexist and co-prosper between companies and inventors, otherwise they continue the tug-of-war forever on the one-dimensional monetary scale.

著者

Kazumi Hirano Shoko Nishihara

出版者

FCCA(Forum: Carbohydrates Coming of Age)

雑誌

Trends in Glycoscience and Glycotechnology (ISSN:09157352)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.26, no.152, pp.149-157, 2014-11-25 (Released:2014-11-25)

参考文献数

53

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ヘパラン硫酸はグリコサミノグライカンの一つであり、GlcA–GlcNAcの二糖繰り返しユニットから構成され、複数の硫酸転移酵素により硫酸化される。ヘパラン硫酸の硫酸化構造にはさまざまなパターンがあり、骨形成タンパク質(BMP)、Wnt、線維芽細胞成長因子(FGF)、上皮成長因子(EGF)などのモルフォゲンや成長因子と結合してシグナル経路を調節している。以前、われわれや他の研究グループは、ヘパラン硫酸とその硫酸化がFGF4、BMP4、Wntシグナルを介してマウス胚性幹細胞(ES細胞)の維持と分化を制御していることを明らかにした。しかし、ヘパラン硫酸の硫酸化パターンが持つ機能の多くはいまだに不明である。本稿では、多能性幹細胞におけるヘパラン硫酸とその硫酸化パターンの機能を紹介する。

著者

武田 陽一

出版者

FCCA(Forum: Carbohydrates Coming of Age)

雑誌

Trends in Glycoscience and Glycotechnology (ISSN:09157352)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.26, no.152, pp.171-173, 2014-11-25 (Released:2014-11-25)

著者

木塚 康彦

出版者

FCCA(Forum: Carbohydrates Coming of Age)

雑誌

Trends in Glycoscience and Glycotechnology (ISSN:09157352)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.26, no.152, pp.167-169, 2014-11-25 (Released:2014-11-25)

著者

Yoshihiro Hasegawa

出版者

FCCA(Forum: Carbohydrates Coming of Age)

雑誌

Trends in Glycoscience and Glycotechnology (ISSN:09157352)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.26, no.152, pp.159-165, 2014-11-25 (Released:2014-11-25)

参考文献数

22

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肺サーファクタントタンパク質D(SP-D)はC型レクチンのコレクチン・サブグループに属し、自然免疫において重要な役割を担っている。本研究ではSP-Dが上皮増殖因子(EGF)シグナルを制御することで肺がん細胞の進展を抑制する可能性について着目した。SP-Dはヒト肺腺がん細胞株(A549細胞、H441細胞)において、EGFによる上皮増殖因子受容体(EGFR)、Erk、Aktのリン酸化を抑制した。またSP-DはA549細胞の増殖・遊走・浸潤を抑制した。リガンド結合の解析では、SP-DはA549細胞のEGFRとEGFとの結合を阻害した。リガンドブロッティングでは、SP-DはA549細胞由来のEGFRに直接結合した。また表面プラズモン共鳴センサーを用いて、SP-DとリコンビナントヒトEGFRの細胞外ドメイン(soluble EGFR; sEGFR)との相互作用を検討したところ、SP-Dはカルシウム依存性にsEGFRと結合した。その結合はEDTAやマンノースによって阻害され、N型糖鎖を切断したsEGFRにはSP-Dは結合しなかった。sEGFRのN型糖鎖を質量分析で解析したところ、ドメインIIIに高マンノース型のN型糖鎖が存在した。以上より、SP-Dは糖鎖認識領域を介してEGFRの高マンノース型糖鎖に結合し、EGFRへのリガンド結合を阻害することで、EGFシグナルを抑制すると考えられた。