著者

御影 雅幸 遠藤 寛子

出版者

一般社団法人 日本東洋医学会

雑誌

日本東洋医学雑誌 (ISSN:02874857)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.59, no.1, pp.25-34, 2008 (Released:2008-07-23)

参考文献数

65

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日本薬局方では釣藤鉤としてUncaria rhynchophylla (Miq.) Miq., U. sinensis (Oliv.) Havil., U. macrophylla Wall.のとげが規定されているが,中国の局方ではこれら3種以外にU. hirsuta Havil.とU. sessilifructus Roxb.を加えた5種の鉤をつけた茎枝が規定されている。本草考証の結果,当初の原植物はUncaria rhynchophyllaであり,薬用部位は明代前半までは藤皮で,その後現在のような鉤つきの茎枝に変化したことを明らかにした。一方,日本では暖地に自生しているカギカズラの主として鉤が薬用に採集されてきた。このことは明代に李時珍が「鉤の薬効が鋭い」と記したことに影響を受けたものと考察した。釣藤散など明代前半以前に考案された処方には藤皮由来の釣藤鉤を使用するのが望ましい。

著者

西尾 恵里子 森田 士郎 豊川 徹 富田 純史

出版者

日本環境変異原学会

雑誌

環境変異原研究 (ISSN:09100865)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.26, no.2, pp.81-88, 2004 (Released:2005-12-21)

参考文献数

13

被引用文献数

5 5

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The Ames Salmonella/microsome assay (Ames test) is a convenient method for screening mutagens in our diet including those in drinking water. In this study, we assayed the mutagenicity levels of tap water in Kitakyushu-city and of humic acid solutions treated with chlorine. The amount of chlorine added was calculated to maintain the residual chlorine level constant at 20°C as in city office tap water. The samples were concentrated with adsorbent (CSP800) and the mutagenic activity was assayed with Salmonella typhimurium TA100 and TA98 strains with or without S9 mix. The tap water was analyzed for volatile organic compounds and some factors in conventional water quality monitoring every two months from March 1998 to January 2000. The tap water samples tested showed mutagenicity on strain TA100 without S9 mix. The mutagenicity of the samples tended to be higher from winter to spring than that from summer to fall.Chlorine-treated humic acid solutions were used as a model to examine the effect of the concentrations of humic acid and chlorine, and the temperature on the mutagenicity. The descending order of sensitivity to mutagenicity was TA100 without S9 mix, TA98 without S9 mix, and TA100 with S9 mix; no mutagenicity was observed for TA98 with S9 mix. Mutagenicity seemed to increase with increasing concentrations of humic acid and chlorine, and with lowering the water temperature. The observed seasonal variation of mutagenicity of the tap water may be partly explained by the rainfall and the water temperature during the rainy season, from summer to fall, because the organic substances of river water decreased and the water temperature increased over that season.

著者

Yohei Takano Yoshihiro Tachibana Katsushi Iwamoto

出版者

Meteorological Society of Japan

雑誌

SOLA (ISSN:13496476)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.4, pp.113-116, 2008 (Released:2008-10-08)

参考文献数

16

被引用文献数

20 24

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The characteristics of the anomalous winter climate around Japan in December 2005, including abnormally heavy snowfall, were analyzed from the viewpoint of interannual variation using reanalysis data for 50 years. The anomalous snowfall near the Sea of Japan in 2005 is attributed to an anomalous air-mass modification over the Sea of Japan, the large changes of thermodynamic characteristics due to the warmth of the Sea of Japan. Thermodynamic budget analyses showed that the air-mass modification in December 2005 over the Sea of Japan was the strongest in more than 40 years. Air-mass modification over the Sea of Japan was strongly related with a large-scale atmospheric north-south dipole pattern consisting of a northern high covering Siberia and a southern low covering a wide area of Japan in the 500 hPa height field in the positive phase (SJ pattern). In addition, the local SST variability during late autumn was significantly related to air-mass modification. However, the Arctic Oscillation was not significantly correlated with the air-mass modification over the Sea of Japan on an interannual timescale.

著者

Naoki Hirose Ken-ichi Fukudome

出版者

Meteorological Society of Japan

雑誌

SOLA (ISSN:13496476)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.2, pp.61-63, 2006 (Released:2006-04-15)

参考文献数

8

被引用文献数

30 34

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Seasonal predictions of rain or snowfall are usually too uncertain at regional scales. We suggest utilizing subsurface ocean measurements to improve long-term weather forecasts. The example we give is that regional snowfall in Japan can be predicted by a simple regression from an acoustic Doppler current profiler attached to a regular ferryboat to observe the transport of the Tsushima Warm Current. The lag correlation is shown to exceed 0.75 attributed to the simple underling marine meteorology and regional oceanography. The relationship certainly improves seasonal precipitation estimates led by the winter monsoon absorbing the latent heat from the Japan Sea. We predict there will be less snowfall this winter of 2005/2006 than in 2004/2005 despite the heavy snowfall event in the last December.

著者

Shinichi MEGURO Tomohito MIZUNO Kouji ONIZAWA Keiko KAWASAKI Hideaki NAKAGIRI Yumiko KOMINE Junko SUZUKI Yuji MATSUI Tadashi HASE Ichiro TOKIMITSU Hiroyuki SHIMASAKI Hiroshige ITAKURA

出版者

Japan Oil Chemists' Society

雑誌

Journal of Oleo Science (ISSN:13458957)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.50, no.7, pp.593-598, 2001 (Released:2002-06-28)

参考文献数

29

被引用文献数

14 16 17

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Examination was made of the effects of tea catechins (TC) on diet-induced obesity. Exposure to high-fat-diet (30% fat) in C57BL/6J mice for 4 weeks induced significant increase in body weight, visceral fat (epididymal, mesenteric, retroperitoneal, perinephric) weight and plasma concentrations of glucose, triacylglycerol and leptin, compared to low-fat diet (5% fat). Treatment with 0.1%TC (high-fat diet +0.1%TC group) had little effect on diet-induced obesity. Relative to high-fat diet and 0.1%TC treatment, 0.5%TC treatment (high-fat diet +0.5%TC group) was noted to bring about significant decrease in body weight, visceral, fat weights and plasma leptin. Lipid absorption rate was the same with the high fat diet and 0.5%TC treatment. An oral soluble starch and sucrose (SS-S) tolerance test was conducted on C57BL/6J mice to evaluate the effects of TC to sugar absorption. When the ratio of TC to sum of SS-S was the same as that in the diet composition for the 0.5%TC treatment, the plasma glucose level showed no response. These results demonstrate for the first time TC to have antiobesity effects on diet-induced obesity in mice, and suggest these effects to be exerted through a mechanism that would not involve inhibition of intestinal absorption of sugar and lipid.

著者

Tomonori NAGAO Shinichi MEGURO Satoko SOGA Atsuko OTSUKA Kazuichi TOMONOBU Shinichi FUMOTO Akiro CHIKAMA Kenta MORI Masayuki YUZAWA Hiroyuki WATANABE Tadashi HASE Yukitaka TANAKA Ichiro TOKIMITSU Hiroyuki SHIMASAKI Hiroshige ITAKURA

出版者

Japan Oil Chemists' Society

雑誌

Journal of Oleo Science (ISSN:13458957)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.50, no.9, pp.717-728, 2001 (Released:2002-06-28)

参考文献数

34

被引用文献数

33 36

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The body fat reducing effect of tea catechins was previously confirmed in humans. The effects of tea catechins for reducing body fat were thus studied as basis for actual application. Three experiments on healthy male adults (n=82) were conducted to determine the effects of long-term tea catechins administration on body fat and biochemical blood parameters. First experiment: tea catechins were given as oolong tea-like beverage for 12 weeks. In 600 and 900 mg groups, visceral fat was significantly loss than in the control (600 mg group p=0.0317, 900 mg group p=0.0098). The effects were more pronounced at greater of tea catechins administration. No significant changes in biochemical blood parameters including fat-soluble vitamins were detected. Second experiment : oolong tea-like beverage containing tea catechins at nearly same amounts on in the 600 mg group was given for 20 weeks. Abdominal fat, including visceral fat, was significantly loss than in the control (total fat area p<0.0001, visceral fat area p=0.0004, subcutaneous fat area p=0.0001). Plasma PAI-1 was also significantly decreased (p=0.0080). Third experiment : green tea-like (GT group) and oolong tea-like (OT group) beverages containing approximately 540 mg tea catechins were given for 12 weeks. In the two groups, visceral fat was significantly loss than in the control (GT group p=0.0284, OT group p=0.0095) and the effects of two beverages were similar. Long-term tea catechins administration at 500 to 600 mg/day in humans would thus appear to reduce body fat without influencing fat-soluble vitamins, of which the absorption may be inhibited, and various serum and plasma indices regardless of the kind of beverages.

著者

名和 小太郎

出版者

国立研究開発法人 科学技術振興機構

雑誌

情報管理 (ISSN:00217298)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.52, no.11, pp.673-674, 2010 (Released:2010-02-01)

著者

武内 八重子

出版者

国立研究開発法人 科学技術振興機構

雑誌

情報管理 (ISSN:00217298)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.52, no.11, pp.664-666, 2010 (Released:2010-02-01)

参考文献数

1

著者

丸川 雄三 高野 明彦

出版者

一般社団法人 映像情報メディア学会

雑誌

映像情報メディア学会誌 (ISSN:13426907)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.61, no.11, pp.1573-1577, 2007-11-01 (Released:2010-01-15)

参考文献数

5

著者

淺井 康行

出版者

公益社団法人 日本薬理学会

雑誌

日本薬理学雑誌 (ISSN:00155691)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.134, no.6, pp.320-324, 2009 (Released:2009-12-14)

参考文献数

5

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創薬研究においてcell–based assayと呼ばれる細胞機能性試験は,簡便・迅速なアッセイ方法として頻用されている.これまでの細胞機能性試験で使われる細胞は,旺盛な増殖能を有するCHO細胞やHeLa細胞といったがん化した動物由来あるいはヒト由来の細胞株に目的とするターゲット分子の遺伝子を導入したものであった.しかし,このような細胞を用いたアッセイ系の一部はヒトへの外挿性はあまり高くはないことが経験的にわかってきた.一方,外挿性の低さを克服するためのフェノタイプ(形質)利用アッセイで主として用いられる初代培養細胞は,実験に用いるまでの工程が煩雑である上に,得られた細胞が脆弱であったり,ロット間のバラツキが大きかったりHTSに必要な細胞量を確保することが難しい細胞が多いことが欠点であった.このような状況から,これまで使用されている細胞株のように大規模な実験に使用できるほどの細胞量を容易に確保することができ,かつ,初代培養細胞のようにnativeに近い細胞として幹細胞由来細胞が期待され実用化され始めている.ES/iPS細胞由来心筋細胞を用いたQT延長アッセイ系(QTempo:QT prolongation Examination with Myocardia derived from Pluripotent cell)は,化合物を創薬早期に検索し創薬後期以降での“ドロップアウト”を少なくすることを主眼に置いて研究開発されてきた.QT延長関連試験は用いる細胞材料や検出法によりいくつかの方法があるが,本法はAPD(action potential duration)検出手法とヒトへの創薬に適していると考えられているサルES細胞やヒトiPS細胞を組み合わせたものである.われわれが構築したアッセイ系において化合物を評価することでよりヒトへの外挿性の高い心毒性の予測が可能となる.

著者

高野 雅典 加藤 正浩 有田 隆也

出版者

日本認知科学会

雑誌

認知科学 (ISSN:13417924)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.12, no.3, pp.221-233, 2005 (Released:2009-10-16)

参考文献数

26

被引用文献数

2

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An individual having a Theory of Mind (ToM) can read the minds of others. If we assume further that the individual considers each of them also to have a ToM, then there should be recursive structure here. We believe that emergence and evolution of this structure are deeply linked to the evolution of intelligence. We construct two computational models: an abstract model describing fitness landscapes interacting with each other and a concrete model describing physically-situated agents moving around avoiding collisions. We conduct evolutionary simulations using the concrete model in order to investigate the dynamics inherent in the mechanism of recursion. Several unexpected properties of recursion were found, including a significant difference in fitness between odd levels and even levels of recursion. This is due to the asymmetry between level 0 and 1 (without and with ToM). We also discuss an evolution scenario in which human beings have evolved the ToM.

著者

東 正毅

出版者

公益社団法人 精密工学会

雑誌

精密工学会誌 (ISSN:09120289)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.73, no.12, pp.1287-1290, 2007 (Released:2009-12-11)

参考文献数

32

著者

竹島 浩

出版者

公益社団法人 日本薬理学会

雑誌

日本薬理学雑誌 (ISSN:00155691)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.121, no.4, pp.203-210, 2003 (Released:2003-04-11)

参考文献数

40

被引用文献数

3 3

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筋収縮や伝達物質放出などの興奮性細胞での生理反応に先立ち,膜興奮による電気的信号は細胞質Ca2+上昇へシグナル変換される.細胞内ストア膜上のCa2+放出チャネルであるリアノジン受容体は一般的機能として細胞表層膜のCa2+チャネルと共役し,そのシグナル変換反応に寄与する.興奮性細胞系に広く分布する3種のリアノジン受容体サブタイプに関して,構造-機能相関や生理機能上の重要性が明らかにされている.一方,リアノジン受容体が生理機能を発揮するためには細胞表層膜とストア膜の近接構造が必要であると考えられる.最近,結合膜構造の形成に関与する膜タンパク質としてジャンクトフィリンが分子同定され,そのサブタイプ群の生理的重要性が変異マウスを用いて証明されている.さらに,リアノジン受容体とジャンクトフィリンサブタイプの遺伝子の変異は,ヒト遺伝性疾患の原因となることも明らかにされた.

著者

小町 守 工藤 拓 新保 仁 松本 裕治

出版者

一般社団法人 人工知能学会

雑誌

人工知能学会論文誌 (ISSN:13460714)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.25, no.2, pp.233-242, 2010 (Released:2010-01-26)

参考文献数

27

被引用文献数

5 6

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Bootstrapping has a tendency, called semantic drift, to select instances unrelated to the seed instances as the iteration proceeds. We demonstrate the semantic drift of Espresso-style bootstrapping has the same root as the topic drift of Kleinberg's HITS, using a simplified graph-based reformulation of bootstrapping. We confirm that two graph-based algorithms, the von Neumann kernels and the regularized Laplacian, can reduce the effect of semantic drift in the task of word sense disambiguation (WSD) on Senseval-3 English Lexical Sample Task. Proposed algorithms achieve superior performance to Espresso and previous graph-based WSD methods, even though the proposed algorithms have less parameters and are easy to calibrate.

著者

山本 大介 増田 智樹 大平 茂輝 長尾 確

出版者

一般社団法人 人工知能学会

雑誌

人工知能学会論文誌 (ISSN:13460714)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.25, no.2, pp.243-251, 2010 (Released:2010-01-26)

参考文献数

19

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In this paper, we propose a video scene annotation method based on tag clouds. First, user comments associated with a video are collected from existing video sharing services. Next, a tag cloud is generated from these user comments. The tag cloud is displayed on the video window of the Web browser. When users click on a tag included in the tag cloud while watching the video, the tag gets associated with the time point of the video. Users can share the information on the tags that have already been clicked. We confirmed that the coverage of annotations generated by this method is higher than that of the existing methods, and users are motivated to add tags by sharing tag clouds. This method will contribute to advanced video applications.

著者

廣瀬 謙造

出版者

公益社団法人 日本薬理学会

雑誌

日本薬理学雑誌 (ISSN:00155691)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.127, no.5, pp.362-367, 2006 (Released:2006-07-01)

参考文献数

18

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細胞内カルシウムは,筋収縮,神経伝達物質放出,シナプス可塑性,発生分化,免疫といった様々な生理機能の制御において重要な役割を果たす.その細胞内動態は,蛍光プローブを用いたイメージングにより解析されており,時間,空間的に特徴的なパターンを持つことが示されている.特徴的な時間的パターンとしてカルシウム振動が挙げられる.これはカルシウム濃度上昇が間欠的かつ律動的に起こる現象である.また,空間的パターンとして,カルシウム濃度上昇が細胞内あるいは細胞間を波状に広がるカルシウム波と呼ばれる現象が知られるようになった.ここで,2つの問題が存在する.ひとつは,どのような機構でこのような複雑な時間空間パターンが形成されるのかという問題であり,もう一つは,そのようなパターンが下流のシグナル分子によってどのように解釈されるのかという問題である.我々は,カルシウムの上流・下流にある分子の動態をイメージングすることがこの問題を解くうえで有効であると考えた.これまでに上流分子についてはカルシウムストアからのカルシウム放出を制御するIP3のイメージング法を開発した.その結果,IP3もカルシウム同様複雑な細胞内動態を示すこと,さらに,カルシウムとIP3には相互フィードバック的な制御が存在することを見出した.また,小脳プルキンエ細胞内のIP3動態を解析し,AMPA型受容体の下流においてIP3が産生される新しい経路が発見された.カルシウムの下流にある分子としては,転写因子であるNFATの細胞内動態を可視化し,カルシウム濃度上昇によってNFATが核内に移行する時間経過を詳細に解析することに成功している.この解析によって,カルシウム振動が効率的にNFATの移行を起こすことを明らかにした.以上のように,イメージングはカルシウムシグナルの時間空間的側面を解析することに有用である.

著者

朝倉 文夫 滝 和郎

出版者

一般社団法人 日本人工臓器学会

雑誌

人工臓器 (ISSN:03000818)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.38, no.1, pp.54-57, 2009-06-15 (Released:2009-10-15)

参考文献数

33

被引用文献数

2

著者

森田 愛子

出版者

日本認知科学会

雑誌

認知科学 (ISSN:13417924)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.13, no.3, pp.417-427, 2006 (Released:2008-11-13)

参考文献数

27

被引用文献数

1

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The purpose of the present study was to examine pseudo-homophone effect in a sentence verification task in which sentences included a two-kanji compound nonword in the case that the target was identified by an underline. In a sentence verification task, participants asked to judge whether the presented sentence was acceptable or not. Previous studies showed that participants responded more quickly when sentences included a pseudo-homophone than when they included a non-homophonic nonword. However, participants responded more slowly to pseudo-homophones than to non-homophonic nonwords when a context of the sentence (a sentence without a target) was presented first, and a target followed which required judgment. The current experiment showed that participants responded more quickly when sentences included a pseudo-homophone, even if an underline was added at the target. Thus, the pseudo-homophone facilitation effect was observed even when the participant did not need to search where a target was. The result suggested that the main factor of the pseudo-homophone facilitation effect would be simultaneous processing of the target stimuli and sentence meaning.

著者

Hannu ANTTONEN Anneli PEKKARINEN Juhani NISKANEN

出版者

National Institute of Occupational Safety and Health

雑誌

Industrial Health (ISSN:00198366)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.47, no.3, pp.254-261, 2009 (Released:2009-06-16)

参考文献数

39

被引用文献数

28 51

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The questions related to safety at work in cold environments and prevention of cold stress in working life are described in this article. Working in the cold environment is more dangerous than the same type of work in a warmer climate. All researchers have concluded that the frequency of accidents/versus temperature curves follow the U-shape with the minimum near 20℃. The effects of low temperature can be divided into direct, typically frostbites, and indirect, of which the indirect effects, typically slipping accidents, are more common. In improving risk management in cold conditions the risk evaluation based on existing standards is the starting point. Prevention of risks in cold environments can be done by planning of work, technical measures like heating or reduction of cooling by protective clothing, training and other measures. Local heaters, shelters against bad weather, reduction of draught are good examples of means of improving working conditions and reducing accident risks. The local IR-heaters can increase skin temperature of fingers about 7℃ in normal cold work. The improvement of 3℃ can be reached by using insulating material in the handle of tools. By using these technical improvements we can reduce the health risks but also improve work performance and even energy savings at work places.

著者

林 浩孝 大野 智 新井 隆成 鈴木 信孝

出版者

日本補完代替医療学会

雑誌

日本補完代替医療学会誌 (ISSN:13487922)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.5, no.3, pp.183-196, 2008 (Released:2008-11-14)

参考文献数

27

被引用文献数

1 3

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「特定保健用食品」のうち,生活習慣病の原因の 1 つである動脈硬化に関連して「コレステロールが高めの方に適する」表示をした食品については,現在のところ,再許可等特定保健用食品を含め 100 種類以上の商品がある.そのうちのいくつかについて,安全性・有効性について解説する.