著者

吾郷 万里子 佐藤 一石 遠藤 貴士 岡島 邦彦

出版者

公益社団法人 高分子学会

雑誌

高分子論文集 (ISSN:03862186)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.65, no.7, pp.483-492, 2008 (Released:2008-07-25)

参考文献数

30

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結晶性セルロースを水,エチレングリコールあるいはトルエン存在下ボールミル処理し,溶媒との相互作用によって生ずるセルロースの形態変化およびセルロースの分子運動の変化について,NMR 緩和時間,熱刺激脱分極電流(TSDC)法を用いて解析を行った.ボールミル処理後のセルロース粒子の形態は溶媒種によってそれぞれ異なり,水,エチレングリコールを用いた場合は微細繊維状(ミクロフィブリル),トルエンを用いた場合はフレーク状の粒子であり,いずれも結晶性であった.溶媒無添加(ドライ状態)でのボールミル処理では微細繊維状組織が破壊され球状の非晶性粒子が得られた.   溶媒存在下でのセルロース鎖の分子運動性を 1H NMR 緩和時間(T2)により解析した結果,水あるいはエチレングリコールを添加した場合,セルロース鎖の分子運動性は向上し,トルエンを添加した場合には低下した.さらに熱刺激脱分極電流(TSDC)法によりセルロースの局所的なドメイン構造変化について調査した.ボールミル処理による結晶性の低下に伴って,セルロース主鎖のミクロブラウン運動に対応する α 分散付近の温度は大きく低下し,TSDC 値は増加した.また−60℃ 付近の β 分散のピーク温度と TSDC 値も結晶性の低下とともに変動し,β 分散は分子鎖間水素結合性に関連した局所的な緩和モードであることが推測された.またセルロース中に水が存在する場合には TSDC 値が増大したことから,セルロース主鎖の分子運動性が活発化することが示された.一方,トルエンはセルロースの主分散にはほとんど影響を及ぼさず,水素結合性の低い局所的なドメインの分子運動性に対して特異的に作用することが明らかとなった.

著者

片岡 章勝

出版者

公益社団法人 日本放射線技術学会

雑誌

日本放射線技術学会雑誌 (ISSN:03694305)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.64, no.1, pp.84-95, 2008-01-20 (Released:2008-03-01)

参考文献数

4

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抄録はありません.

著者

浅原 重夫 松岡 政治

出版者

一般社団法人 映像情報メディア学会

雑誌

映像情報メディア学会誌 (ISSN:13426907)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.60, no.7, pp.1007-1011, 2006-07-01 (Released:2008-07-01)

参考文献数

2

著者

岡林 隆敏 中 忠資 奥松 俊博 Hao JIEXIN

出版者

公益社団法人 土木学会

雑誌

土木学会論文集A (ISSN:18806023)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.64, no.2, pp.474-487, 2008 (Released:2008-06-20)

参考文献数

33

被引用文献数

3 2 2

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本論文では,常時微動自動計測システムの核となる算法を確立するために,常時微動多点観測により得られたデータに基づき多次元ARモデルから構造物の振動特性(振動数,モード減衰定数,振動モード)を高精度に自動推定する算法を提案した.橋梁の状態方程式で表した運動方程式を多次元ARMAモデルへ変換する構成法を明確にし,ここから誘導される多次元ARモデルから振動特性を自動推定する手法を示した.さらに,多点観測による多次元ARモデルと1点観測の1次元ARモデルの関係を示した.ランガー桁橋常時微動シミュレーション,5自由度系模型の常時微動実験,ランガートラス橋の常時微動実測に本手法を適用し,振動特性の自動推定の有効性を確認し,推定精度の検討を行った.

著者

高野 敦子 池奥 渉太 北村 泰彦

出版者

一般社団法人 人工知能学会

雑誌

人工知能学会論文誌 (ISSN:13460714)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.24, no.3, pp.322-332, 2009 (Released:2009-04-16)

参考文献数

11

被引用文献数

2

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Recently, the role of reputation information in on-line discussion groups and review sites has received much attention, and that has spurred a great deal of research on sentiment analysis of web documents. It is well known that collecting sentiment expressions, which tend to be domain-dependent, is useful for sentiment analysis. However, it can be prohibitively costly to manually collect expressions for each domain. The purpose of this paper is to propose an automatic method to acquire sentiment expressions on a specific subject from web documents. Our approach is based on a characteristic of sentiment expressions that often appear with their sentiment causes and both of them have cause-and-effect relationships. We develop a technique for recognizing cause-and-effect relationships between sentiment expressions and their sentiment causes using the results of dependency structure analysis. The proposed method uses this technique to extract sentiment causes starting from a small set of seed sentiment expressions, and extracts sentiment expressions from a set of sentiment causes. To evaluate this work, we conducted experiments using discussion board messages about hotels and sweets. The results demonstrate that the proposed method effectively extract diversified sentiment expressions relevant to each domain and possesses adequate precision. Precision is also found to be better for compound sentiment expressions.

著者

Masaaki Miyazawa Yuichi Ito Nanae Kosaka Yuko Nukada Hitoshi Sakaguchi Hiroyuki Suzuki Naohiro Nishiyama

出版者

The Japanese Society of Toxicology

雑誌

The Journal of Toxicological Sciences (ISSN:03881350)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.33, no.1, pp.71-83, 2008 (Released:2008-02-26)

参考文献数

37

被引用文献数

19 24 18

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Dendritic cells (DCs), including Langerhans cells (LCs), play a critical role in the induction phase of allergic contact hypersensitivity. Following exposure to chemical allergens in the skin, LCs undergo a maturation process leading to the up-regulation of expression of co-stimulatory molecules, such as CD86, CD54 and CD40. Our previous study revealed that chemical allergens induce phenotype alterations (e.g., CD86, CD54 and CD40) and cytokine production (TNF-α and IL-8) in THP-1 cells that possibly reflect the maturation of dendritic cells during skin sensitization. However, the physiological signals for phenotypic alterations by chemical allergens are still not fully understood. Therefore, in this study, we investigated the effect of TNF-α and extracellular ATP on THP-1 cell activation induced by chemical allergens. Kinetic studies revealed that TNF-α and IL-8 release occurred in a time-dependent manner with release of two cytokines beginning at 3 hr post-exposure to well-known haptens, DNCB and NiSO4. While recombinant human TNF-α augmented CD54 and CD40 expression in a dose-dependent manner, rhTNF-α did not increase CD86 expression. Furthermore, neutralization of TNF-α activity strongly inhibited CD54 and CD40 expression induced by allergens. On the contrary, extracellular ATP induced the up-regulation of both CD86 and CD54 expression. In the presence of the P2 receptor antagonist suramin, the up-regulation of CD86 and CD54 expression by allergens was in part suppressed. Therefore, we postulate that not only TNF-α but also extracellular ATP may contribute to cell activation following allergen stimulation, which might reflect the mechanism by which DCs respond to allergens.

著者

De-Fu Ma Ryohei Katoh Hong Zhou Pei-Yu Wang

出版者

JAPAN SOCIETY OF HISTOCHEMISTRY AND CYTOCHEMISTRY

雑誌

ACTA HISTOCHEMICA ET CYTOCHEMICA (ISSN:00445991)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.40, no.2, pp.61-67, 2007 (Released:2007-05-12)

参考文献数

31

被引用文献数

6 8

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To assess the effect of milk on the development of 7,12-dimethylbenz(a)anthracene (DMBA)-induced mammary tumors, 48 female Sprague-Dawley rats treated with DMBA were divided into 3 groups and given 1 of 3 test solutions for 20 weeks as their drinking liquid: milk, estrone sulfate solution or tap water. The milk group showed a significantly great incidence (75%) in tumor development compared with the water group (38%) and was comparable to the estrone sulfate group (69%). Mean tumor number per rat in the milk group was significantly higher than that in the water group (p=0.009). We classified the mammary tumors into three histological types: intraductal papilloma, fibroadenoma, and adenocarcinoma. Although the percent of intraductal papilloma and fibroadenoma was almost same among the three groups, malignant tumor was found only in the milk and estrone sulfate groups. In conclusion, our results indicate that milk as well as estrone sulfate promotes the development of DMBA-induced mammary tumors in rat and could be associated with the occurrence of adenocarcinoma.

著者

分山 達也 江原 幸雄

出版者

一般社団法人 日本エネルギー学会

雑誌

日本エネルギー学会誌 (ISSN:09168753)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.88, no.1, pp.58-69, 2009 (Released:2009-02-01)

参考文献数

25

被引用文献数

7 6

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The purpose of this study is to improve accuracy of the renewable energy assessment in order to promote renewable energy utilization. We have a local renewable energy assessment in the local new energy vision by NEDO. But NEDO assessed potential of local renewable energy with different methods for different energies. Some of these assessments are not accurate enough to decide policy for promoting renewable energy. Therefore, the authors developed a new method of renewable energy assessment and improved the assessment more systematic and accurate by using GIS. The new method evaluates amount of renewable energy as frequency distribution and shows spatial distribution of renewable energy. The authors applied the new method to Unzen City in Nagasaki Prefecture as an example and showed availability of the new method. The result showed that Unzen City has practical potential of 45MWe for geothermal energy, 7.6 MWe for wind energy, 1.1MWe for solar energy and 1.7MWe for small-scale hydropower as a most probable value and that wind and geothermal energy are concentrated to the specific areas and hydropower and solar energy are distributed in whole Unzen City.

著者

Hidero Ohki Mitsuhiko Matsumoto Mitsuharu Hasegawa Osamu Shimizu Shotaro Mukae Yusuke Amano Kazuo Komiyama

出版者

Nihon University School of Dentistry

雑誌

Journal of Oral Science (ISSN:13434934)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.47, no.4, pp.219-222, 2005 (Released:2006-01-17)

参考文献数

8

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A 54-year-old male presented with the complaint of a painful sore on the left side of his tongue. Our examination found an ulcer 15 × 20 mm in size on the left edge of the tongue, with peripheral indurations. The lesion was diagnosed histopathologically as squamous cell carcinoma (T2N0M0). Consequently, the lesion was surgical removed and radical neck dissection was performed. Four months after the operation, two unusual cyst-like lesions were identified in the parapharyngeal space by CT and MRI. A biopsy specimen revealed recurrent carcinoma with a cyst-like structure. The route of the tumor metastasis into the parapharyngeal space was obscured, but it was speculated that the excessive lymph accumulation was due to a lymphatic occlusion caused by the surgical procedure, proliferation of the metastatic carcinoma, or stagnation and accumulation of tissue fluid caused by parapharyngeal invasion by the recurrent lesion. (J. Oral Sci. 47, 219-222, 2005)

著者

和田 浩二

出版者

公益社団法人 日本薬学会

雑誌

YAKUGAKU ZASSHI (ISSN:00316903)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.122, no.11, pp.929-956, 2002 (Released:2003-02-18)

参考文献数

116

被引用文献数

5 13

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The chemical constituents of Aconitum yesoense var. macroyesoense and Aconitum japonicum were examined using high-resolution spectral analysis. Twelve novel alkaloids were isolated from A. yesoense var. macroyesoense together with 20 known alkaloids. Eight novel alkaloids were isolated from A. japonicum together with 15 known alkaloids. An HPLC-atmospheric pressure chemical ionization-mass spectrometry (HPLC-APCI-MS) method was useful for the simultaneous determination of 21 Aconitum alkaloids found in A. yesoense var. macroyesoense and A. japonicum. These compounds were fairly stable under the conditions used, and the protonated molecules or fragment ions characteristic of the molecule appeared as base peaks in the mass spectra and were used for selected ion monitoring. HPLC-APCI-MS is a very promising approach for structural investigations of positional isomers and stereoisomers. This method was applied successfully to stereoisomeric Aconitum alkaloids differing in configuration at C-1, -6, or -12. Comparison of the APCI spectra showed that the abundance of fragment ions was significantly higher for the C-1, -6, or -12 β-form alkaloid than for C-1, -6, or -12 α-form alkaloid. The main alkaloid constituents in the root of A. yesoense var. macroyesoense, Aconitum alkaloids of the C20-diterpenoid type, kobusine and pseudokobusine, and their acyl derivatives were examined for their peripheral vasoactivities by measuring laser-flowmetrically the cutaneous blood flow in the hind foot of mice after intravenous administration. It is thought that the hydroxyl groups of alkaloids, especially a free OH group of pseudokobusine at C-6, were important for action on the peripheral vasculature leading to dilatation, and the results indicated that esterification of the hydroxyl group at C-15 with either anisoate, veratroate, or p-nitrobenzoate may contribute to enhancement of the activity of the parent alkaloids.

著者

Tatsuhiko Abe

出版者

Japanese Association for Oral Biology

雑誌

Journal of Oral Biosciences (ISSN:13490079)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.46, no.2, pp.125-151, 2004 (Released:2005-08-19)

参考文献数

122

被引用文献数

4

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ワニは, 歯の植立様式に関して魚類や両生類から哺乳類への移行段階にあるとして, 系統解剖学的に重要な位置付けがなされている。 したがって, ヒトの歯周組織の機能を形態学的に究明する研究の一端として, ワニCaiman crocodilusのセメント質の構造を光学顕微鏡ならびに透過電子顕微鏡で観察を行った。ワニのセメント質は, セメント質内層と外層の少なくとも二層に層区分される。 また, 石灰化度はセメント質外層に比して内層のほうが高い。 両層とも下地をなす線維は, 基本的には非固有性線維を下地としている。 さらに, セメント質には多くの細胞が含有され, それらは間葉系のセメント細胞のほかに上皮性のマラッセの残存上皮である。 ワニのセメント質は, 全般的に未分化な特徴もみられるが, 歯の支持機構としての基本的な構造をすでに獲得している。

著者

前野 義晴 大澤 幸生

出版者

一般社団法人 人工知能学会

雑誌

人工知能学会論文誌 (ISSN:13460714)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.24, no.5, pp.376-385, 2009 (Released:2009-06-11)

参考文献数

34

被引用文献数

1

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Can we discover a node which is not observable directly but mediates the stochastic diffusion process in a network? We address such a node discovery and mathematically formulate the basic concept which is promising to solving the problem in general. The proposed method is tested with a node discovery in a Barabási-Albert model which the conventional method raised and partially succeeded in. Its performance is measured with the receiver operating characteristic curves and van Rijsbergen's F-measure (the harmonic mean of precision and recall). The proposed method succeeds in discovering an unobservable peripheral node, and an unobservable hub node in a less clustered network where the conventional method failed.

著者

堀内 美穂 佐藤 恵子 吉田 敏也 頼母木 浩一

出版者

国立研究開発法人 科学技術振興機構

雑誌

情報管理 (ISSN:00217298)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.52, no.2, pp.95-101, 2009 (Released:2009-05-01)

参考文献数

8

被引用文献数

4 3 4

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科学技術振興機構(JST)が継続的に収集している国内の科学技術関連資料(9,098誌)について電子化の現状を明らかにするため,出版者サイトおよび国内のアグリゲータ機関からの全文情報の提供状況を調べた。調査の結果,3,558誌(39%)の全文が電子的な状態で提供されていることがわかった。電子化されている3,558誌について,出版団体,資料の種類,分野別に分析を行った。科学技術関連資料のうち,学術誌・学会誌の電子化率は47%であった。

著者

笹木 圭子 本郷 大 恒川 昌美

出版者

一般社団法人 資源・素材学会

雑誌

資源と素材 (ISSN:09161740)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.114, no.10, pp.709-713, 1998-08-25 (Released:1999-10-01)

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Aragonite-type calcium carbonate was synthesized from calcined scallop shell using carbonates of orthorohombic structure (such as SrCO3) as seeds, by bubbling CO2 at ambient temperature. The products were examined by FTIR, SEM, EPMA, and XRD. The addition of SrCO3 increased aragonite content in the products, but BaCO3 and PbCO3 did not play the role of seed crystals due to the difference of their lattice parameters to those of aragonite, whereas lattice parameters of SrCO3 are the most similar to them. With increasing SrCO3 -addition, formation of aragonite was accelerated to a limit in the amount. Light calcium carbonate rich in aragonite was formed in agglegates consisting of needle-like crystals with large specific surface areas.

著者

作田 庸一 嶋影 和宜

出版者

一般社団法人 資源・素材学会

雑誌

資源と素材 (ISSN:09161740)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.120, no.2, pp.71-77, 2004 (Released:2006-04-13)

参考文献数

32

被引用文献数

2

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A large amount of marine organic residue is generated and wasted from scallop shell processing manufacture. Because the waste product of scallop, especially the mid-gut gland contains a large quantity of heavy metals such as cadmium and copper, it cannot be effectively used. Now, a large part of these wastes are treated in landfills. However, in recent, the landfill treatment runs into trouble because of an environmental pollution and a decrease in proposed landfill ground. Consequently, the development of a new treatment method of the scallop waste is really required. In order to recycle the organic residue of scallop mid-gut gland, a new technology has been developed for removing the harmful cadmium and using as fish meal and fertilizer.This treatment consists of a cadmium leaching process from the mid-gut gland in a sulfuric acid solution and a cadmium electro-deposition process. This new treatment technology corresponding to hydrometallurgical process can remove more than 95% of cadmium from the mid-gut gland. At first, influences of various factors on cadmium removal efficiency such as acid concentration, electrolytic voltage, anode materials and so on, were examined to decide the most suitable conditions of an electrochemical treatment method by using a small scale plant test.And secondarily, a demonstration plant to enable one batch treatment of about 100kg/day was designed on the basis of the results of a fundamental experiment, and a prototype plant was built. Finally, a demonstration test was conducted.The dried and crushed wastes products of scallop after the removal of cadmium were reused as a feed and fertilizer materials, and in the year 2000, two recycle plants of the scallop waste on the basis of this development research were constructed at Oshamanbe-cho and Sawara-cho in Hokkaido, and now under operating.

著者

江口 真透

出版者

公益社団法人 日本化学会・情報化学部会

雑誌

日本化学会情報化学部会誌 (ISSN:09133747)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.25, no.3, pp.68, 2007 (Released:2007-10-26)

参考文献数

22

被引用文献数

1

著者

宮下 和夫 細川 雅史

出版者

公益社団法人 日本水産学会

雑誌

日本水産学会誌 (ISSN:00215392)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.74, no.2, pp.261-262, 2008 (Released:2008-03-23)

参考文献数

10

著者

最上 善広 石井 淳子 馬場 昭次

出版者

日本宇宙生物科学会

雑誌

Biological Sciences in Space (ISSN:09149201)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.9, no.1, pp.17-35, 1995 (Released:2006-02-01)

参考文献数

28

被引用文献数

4 3

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In order to get an insight into the cellular mechanisms for the integration of the effects of gravity,we investigated the gravitactic behaviour in Paramecium. There are two main categories for the model of the mechanism of gravitaxis; one is derived on the basis of the mechanistic properties of the cell (physical model) and the other of the physiological properties including cellular gravireception (physiological model). In this review article, we criticized the physical models and introduced a new physiological model. Physical models postulated so far can be divided into two; one explaining the negative gravitactic orientation of the cell in terms of the static torque generated by the structural properties of the cell (gravity-buoyancy model by Verworn, 1889 and drag-gravity model by Roberts, 1970), and the other explaining it in terms of the dynamic torque generated by the helical swimming of the cell (propulsion-gravity model by Winet and Jahn, 1974 and lifting-force model by Nowakowska and Grebecki, 1977). Among those we excluded the possibility of dynamic-torque models because of their incorrect the oretical assumptions. According to the passive orientation of Ni2+-immobilized cells, the physical effect of the static torque should be inevitable for the gravitactic orientation. Downward orientation of the immobilized cells in the course of floating up in the hyper-density medium demonstrated the gravitactic orientation is not resulted by the nonuniform distribution of cellular mass (gravity-buoyancy model) but by the for-aft asymmetry of the cell (drag-gravity model). A new model explaining the gravitactic behaviour is derived on the basis of the cellular gravity sensation through mechanoreceptor channels of the cell membrane. Paramecium is known to have depolarizing receptor channels in the anterior and hyperpolarizing receptors in the posterior of the cell. The uneven distribution of the receptor may lead to the bidirectional changes of the membrane potential by the selective deformation of the anterior and posterior cell membrane responding to the orientation of the cell in the gravity field; i.e. negative- and positive-going shift of the potential due to the upward and downward orientation, respectively. The orientation dependent changes in membrane potential with respect to gravity, in combination with the close coupling of the membrane potential and the ciliary locomotor activity, may allow the changes in swimming direction along with those in the helical nature of the swimming path; upward shift of axis of helix by decreasing the pitch angle due to hyperpolarization in the upward-orienting cell, and also the upward shift by increasing the pitch angle due to depolarization in the downward-orienting cell. Computer simulation of the model demonstrated that the cell can swim upward along the “super-helical” trajectory consisting of a small helix winding helically an axis parallel to the gravity vector, after which the model was named as “super-helix model”. Three-dimensional recording of the trajectories of the swimming cells demonstrated that about a quarter of the cell population drew super-helical trajectory under the unbounded, thermal convection-free conditions. In addition, quantitative analysis of the orientation rate of the swimming cell indicated that gravity-dependent orientation of the swimming trajectory could not be explained solely by the physical static torque but complementarily by the physiological mechanism as proposed in the super-helix model.

著者

森田 歌子

出版者

国立研究開発法人 科学技術振興機構

雑誌

情報管理 (ISSN:00217298)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.52, no.3, pp.160-161, 2009 (Released:2009-06-01)

著者

眞保 良吉 渡辺 薫生 鈴木 眞夫 星野 重夫

出版者

一般社団法人 資源・素材学会

雑誌

資源と素材 (ISSN:09161740)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.121, no.10,11, pp.538-543, 2005 (Released:2007-02-24)

参考文献数

5

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As a certain method for decomposing harmful asbestos, it is proposed to dissolve the asbestos in molten slag of the pyrometallurgical smelting furnaces. Several dissolution tests have been achieved so far, and it has been suggested that the crystalline structures of the asbestos were decomposed before dissolving into slag. In this study, asbestos samples composed of chrysotile or crocidolite were heated in temperature range 800-1000°C, and the times required to decompose the crystalline structures of the asbestos were examined using X-ray diffraction analysis. Temperature higher than 900°C was required to wipe off the peaks of crocidolite, though chrysotile could be decomposed at 700°C. For both samples containing chrysotile and crocidolite, the peaks of asbestos in the X-ray diffraction patterns disappeared almost within 90 seconds when heated at 1000°C. However, the needle shapes were still maintained in both samples when they were simply heated at 1000°C.