著者
三宅 なほみ 大島 純 益川 弘如
出版者
一般社団法人 日本科学教育学会
雑誌
科学教育研究 (ISSN:03864553)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.38, no.2, pp.43-53, 2014 (Released:2014-09-11)
参考文献数
41
被引用文献数
1

This manuscript aims to introduce a discipline called the learning sciences to readers of this journal. Naomi Miyake spent years in the graduate program at UC San Diego in 1980s, was involved in the emergence of cognitive science and has expanded her basic research toward classroom practices. Jun Oshima spent years in 1990s as a graduate student at the University of Toronto to work on how computers can support students’ knowledge building in the classroom and has continued lesson studies in Japan. The two researchers had three meetings to talk about their research field. Their conversation was structured as a story line by Hiroyuki Masukawa. First, it starts with Miyake’s talk about how the cognitive science emerged and came to be related to the learning sciences. Second, Oshima describes his experience to be in the vortex of the emergence of the learning sciences and research projects in the 90s. Third, the talk continues to discuss more deeply a disciplinary issue of how we treat human learning in the learning sciences. Finally, we wrap up our talk by summarizing the future of this discipline and how we will approach collaboration with practitioners and other stakeholders in education.
著者
三宅 なほみ 齊藤 萌木 飯窪 真也 利根川 太郎
出版者
東京大学大学院教育学研究科
雑誌
東京大学大学院教育学研究科紀要 (ISSN:13421050)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.51, pp.441-458, 2012-03-10

The Consortium for Renovating Education for the Future, founded at the University of Tokyo in 2009, has been striving to help teachers develop a networked community for creating authentically learner-centered classrooms. The classes are designed on a cognitive framework where the constructively interactive components during classroom student discussions provide individual students with a chance to express and reflect upon their own ideas as well as others, for integrating and constructively deepening them. This community currently involves more than 100 teachers coming from sixty-nine schools, ranging from elementary to high-schools. The paper reports its success for helping teachers to create sub-communities around their locations as well as their subject areas, so that they could collaboratively share the prime plans for similar classes and reflect upon their outcomes. Discussions on future plans conclude the paper.
著者
三宅 なほみ 三宅 芳雄
出版者
日本認知科学会
雑誌
認知科学 (ISSN:13417924)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.17, no.2, pp.372-376, 2010 (Released:2010-12-17)
参考文献数
6
被引用文献数
2
著者
白水 始 三宅 なほみ
出版者
日本認知科学会
雑誌
認知科学 (ISSN:13417924)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.16, no.3, pp.348-376, 2009 (Released:2010-09-10)
参考文献数
51
被引用文献数
8

When one starts to learn a new discipline, it is essential to understand the terminology, to the point where one can use it comfortably across many situations. This study shows some effects of collaborative reflection on such learning, or transfer. We devised a two-year curriculum of teaching cognitive science to lower-division undergraduates, including the term of “schema,” and revised it along with our four-level model of collaborative conceptual change into enriching concrete, hands-on experiences and collaborative reflection. By comparing three sets of curricula, we found that ample experience with reflection yields durable understanding and promotes students' spontaneous use of “schema” in their end-term reports or conversations. Detailed analyses of five students' use over one-and-a-half years showed that one's understanding differed from that of others, but was highly correlated with her or his own preceding understanding. These results imply that ample experience provides a “core” to start one's learning and collaborative reflection makes the diversity of such cores explicit, which propels further constructive interactions that promote each one's deeper understanding and cross-situational learning.
著者
三宅 なほみ
出版者
日本認知科学会
雑誌
認知科学 (ISSN:13417924)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.19, no.3, pp.292-301, 2012 (Released:2014-10-10)
参考文献数
28
被引用文献数
3

The aim of this short article is to explore new trends of studying learning practices in reality, in order to ultimately raise their quality. By having accumulated huge amount of “learning” studies, we now have a rich data-base of “rules of thumb” to promote education. In order to raise the adaptive generalize-ability of such rules, we explore the use of remotely operable robots, by having them play the role of a learning partner as a good listener in constructive interaction that occurs in collaborative classrooms. This allows us, for the first time in our study, to quasi-control different groups of collaboration byintroducing “same” activities only playable by such robots. Their roles as listener also actualize an important function to collect more detailed and desired process data from learner-centered classrooms, which has been practically almostimpossible to collect. To approach these aims, our joint project named “Human-Robot Symbiosis” has been exploring new challenges on robotics engineering,cognitive science of human-robot relation setting, and on understanding and implementing basic mechanisms of collaborative learning. The article demonstrates three new types of study in the third topic. One is on using a series of class-room like Lego-block building class run by a robot to promote spontaneous collaboration among children. Another is on confirming perspective expansion effects to promote spontaneous dialoguing to appreciate art works, by having a robot participate in the dialogue to provide a “new” perspective into it by the highly experienced operators. The other is on identifying effective roles of learning partnersin collaborative classes carefully designed to promote constructive interaction for integration of knowledge. All show the importance of giving learning agency to learners in different situations. It concludes with directions for futurestudy.
著者
見舘 好隆 舘野 泰一 脇本 健弘 望月 俊男 宮田 祐子 中原 淳 三宅 なほみ
出版者
日本教育工学会
雑誌
日本教育工学会論文誌 (ISSN:13498290)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.37, no.3, pp.209-227, 2013-11-20 (Released:2016-08-10)

本研究の目的は,キャリア・コンサルタントが遠隔操作したロボットをピア・カウンセラーに位置付けた上で,ロボットが主導する学習者間のグループ・カウンセリングが成立するのかを探究することにある.研究方法は,自己効力感をたずねる質問紙調査,および大学生の主体的発話の数を測定し,統制群(キャリア・コンサルタント)と実験群(ロボット)とで結果を比較した.両群の大学生の主体的発話内容の分析も行った.この結果,ロボット主導であっても学習者の自己効力感を高めることができることと,またロボット参加により主体的発話が増えることが示唆された.さらに主体的発話のカテゴリ分析の結果,統制群ではほぼ生じなかった3種類の主体的発話が確認され,これらの発話が大学生のアクティブリスニングを促しグループ・カウンセリングに必要な主体的発話を引き出すことが観察された.最後に本結果をもとに今後のロボット開発に資する改善点を考察した.
著者
白水 始 三宅 なほみ 益川 弘如
出版者
日本認知科学会
雑誌
認知科学 (ISSN:13417924)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.21, no.2, pp.254-267, 2014-06-01 (Released:2015-02-10)
参考文献数
46
被引用文献数
8

This paper reviews the birth, growth and future issues in learning sciences, an ever-growing discipline of human learning research. In the former part of this paper, we trace three groups of researchers who dealt with learning in real classrooms based on their own cognitive studies in 1970s through 1980s. Their trajectories demonstrate the learn-ing sciences as a natural outgrowth of cognitive science as well as a good test field of learning in reality. In the latter part, we discuss current moves of the learning sciences,and identify three issues: (1) how to change and realize our visions of “learning goals,”(2) how to use technology in order to keep records of learning, and (3) how to help everybody make the new version of “learning sciences” as a core common science of all. As an example to deal with the issues simultaneously, we introduce teacher-researcher-government partnerships that create knowledge constructive classrooms, from which every participant can learn to revise her or his vision of goals and learning.
著者
三宅 なほみ 三宅 芳雄 白水 始
出版者
日本認知科学会
雑誌
認知科学 (ISSN:13417924)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.9, no.3, pp.328-337, 2002-09-01 (Released:2008-10-03)
参考文献数
30
被引用文献数
2

“Learning sciences” refers to a growing new trend in education-oriented research. In the first half of this paper, we characterize learning sciences as a natural outgrowth of the cognitive sciences. Learning sciences, like cognitive sciences, study realities of learning in classroom, home and job situations. Learning sciences utilize many constructs and theories developed in cognitive sciences, and, in return, learning sciences provide a good test field for cognitive theories. Learning sciences also have a strong tie to technology, advancement of which has broadened the scope of both research and practice of learning.In the latter half, we elaborate these points and introduce some of our learning science research. We also report our laboratory-based research to illustrate how collaboration could lead to abstract understanding. Our analyses indicate that the role division in collaboration could provide the participants with solutions differing in the degrees of abstraction, which helps them to gradually shift their levels of understanding from a task-oriented level to more abstract levels. We then introduce two curricula, developed on implications from the above research, to teach cognitive science to lower-division undergraduates. Overall, the paper discusses current moves and the future research potential of the learning sciences.
著者
三宅 なほみ 三宅 芳雄 小笠原 秀美 土屋 孝文 白水 始
出版者
中京大学
雑誌
基盤研究(A)
巻号頁・発行日
2003

本研究は、人が新しい分野に挑戦し数年という長い時間をかけて、徐々に専門性を身につけるような積極的な知識構築の過程を、認知科学を対象に実践的に明らかにすることを目的としている。18年度は最終年度であったため、3年間で整備してきた「2年間実施用カリキュラム」を一旦完成させ、報告書にまとめる準備をした。大学で2年間に亙るカリキュラムを展開できる環境は、現実には少ないため、本研究の成果を整理して、1年で同様の学習効果を狙う短縮版カリキュラムについても検討した。以下の3点について成果が上がった。(1)17年度に行った体験型の協調作業(認知研究で扱う課題について、実際納得のいくまで体験し、その過程を話し合うなど協調的に振り返る作業)の課題の検討を継続し、振り返りから研究資料の内容理解へとつながりのある授業展開を試みた。人間にとって「自然にうまく出来る」認知過程を振り返り、協調的に吟味するための具体的なカリキュラム・セットをまとめるための材料が揃いつつあり、これを報告書にまとめる。(2)2年春期から秋期に行う、認知科学の基礎的な考え方を総括的に理解するためのジグソー方式について、素材と、具体的な活動方式について具体的なカリキュラム・セットをまとめるための材料が揃いつつあり、これを報告書にまとめる。(3)上記の体験型協調作業の一部と基礎文献の協調的な理解のためのカリキュラム・セットの一部を組み合わせ、半期(1セメスタ15コマ程度)で実施できるパッケージを作成し、集中講義ならびに他校でのワークショップの際に実際に実施して、他機関への転用可能性を検討した。最終報告書には、これまで発表してきた研究成果に加えて、上記のカリキュラム・セットをまとめ、これらの実施成果を踏まえて、学習者の長期に亙る知識統合を目指した学習理論について報告する。
著者
三宅 なほみ 齊藤 萌木 飯窪 真也
出版者
東京大学大学院教育学研究科
雑誌
東京大学大学院教育学研究科紀要 (ISSN:13421050)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.51, pp.441-458, 2011

The Consortium for Renovating Education for the Future, founded at the University of Tokyo in 2009, has been striving to help teachers develop a networked community for creating authentically learner-centered classrooms. The classes are designed on a cognitive framework where the constructively interactive components during classroom student discussions provide individual students with a chance to express and reflect upon their own ideas as well as others, for integrating and constructively deepening them. This community currently involves more than 100 teachers coming from sixty-nine schools, ranging from elementary to high-schools. The paper reports its success for helping teachers to create sub-communities around their locations as well as their subject areas, so that they could collaboratively share the prime plans for similar classes and reflect upon their outcomes. Discussions on future plans conclude the paper.
著者
長田 尚子 鈴木 宏昭 三宅 なほみ
出版者
日本知能情報ファジィ学会
雑誌
知能と情報 (ISSN:13477986)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.17, no.5, pp.525-535, 2005-10-15 (Released:2017-05-02)
被引用文献数
1

本研究では, 教育学科の専門教育への橋渡しとしての位置づけを持つ導入教育において, 学生の協調的な学習を支援するために, 情報技術を活用した授業の設計を検討している.対象とする授業は, 「レポートの書き方」を目的とする基礎的な演習であり, 学力低下という問題領域において論証に基づくレポートを書くことが最終課題である.そこで学生は, 領域が包含するあいまいさに遭遇するとともに, 自律的な学習者として専門領域において研究を始めていくにあたっての困難に直面する.このような状況において, 領域の理解と論ずるべき問題の発見につなげていくために, 学生相互のインタラクションを促進する協調学習の枠組みをジグソー法で構成した.また, 協調過程における気づきに基づいて, 各自の考えを吟味するための支援環境としてのblogの導入を行った.結果として, 多様な論点によって構成された領域の議論への参加と, blog上に考えをまとめて公開する活動を通じて, 学生自身による吟味が起こり, 問題発見が促進されることを確認した.今回の結果は, ジグソー法とblogの活用によって, 導入教育時期の学生の新しい学習スタイルへの適応を支援できる可能性を示唆するものである.
著者
白水 始 三宅 なほみ
出版者
日本認知科学会
雑誌
認知科学 = Cognitive studies : bulletin of the Japanese Cognitive Science Society (ISSN:13417924)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.16, no.3, pp.348-376, 2009-09-01
被引用文献数
6

When one starts to learn a new discipline, it is essential to understand the terminology, to the point where one can use it comfortably across many situations. This study shows some effects of collaborative reflection on such learning, or transfer. We devised a two-year curriculum of teaching cognitive science to lower-division undergraduates, including the term of “schema,” and revised it along with our four-level model of collaborative conceptual change into enriching concrete, hands-on experiences and collaborative reflection. By comparing three sets of curricula, we found that ample experience with reflection yields durable understanding and promotes students' spontaneous use of “schema” in their end-term reports or conversations. Detailed analyses of five students' use over one-and-a-half years showed that one's understanding differed from that of others, but was highly correlated with her or his own preceding understanding. These results imply that ample experience provides a “core” to start one's learning and collaborative reflection makes the diversity of such cores explicit, which propels further constructive interactions that promote each one's deeper understanding and cross-situational learning.
著者
三宅 なほみ 大島 純 白水 始 中原 淳
出版者
東京大学
雑誌
新学術領域研究(研究領域提案型)
巻号頁・発行日
2009-04-01

人とロボットが,それぞれの立場で相手の存在を認識し,互いに学び合い,育っていくような人ロボット共生による新たな協創社会の実現に向けて,「A03班:知恵の協創班」では人の持つ潜在的な学習能力を洗い出し,それを活かした新しい学びを実践的に創造する実践学的学習科学を発展させた.斬新な方法論として,遠隔操作によるロボットを「よい聞き手」「共に学び合う仲間」として協調学習場面に参画させ,人と人との相互作用を制御・支援することによって,学習科学の経験則を再現性のある理論研究へと発展させる基盤を形成した.