1 0 0 0 OA 犬養毅

著者
清水仁三郎 著
出版者
太閤堂
巻号頁・発行日
1913

1 0 0 0 物語の文体

著者
清水 好子
出版者
中央図書出版社
雑誌
国語国文 (ISSN:09107509)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.18, no.4, pp.1-32, 1949-09
著者
中野 常男 橋本 武久 清水 泰洋 澤登 千恵 三光寺 由実子
出版者
国士舘大学経営学会
雑誌
国士舘大学経営論叢 = Kokushikan business review (ISSN:21871701)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.6, no.1, pp.27-53, 2016-09-30

Ⅰ はじめにⅡ 考察対象とする海外の学術誌と分析項目Ⅲ 研究領域別の特性Ⅳ 地域別の特性Ⅴ 時代別の特性Ⅵ 執筆者別の特性Ⅶ 結びに代えて補論 Accounting History Reviewの位置づけと今後の検討課題
著者
中野 常男 橋本 武久 清水 泰洋 澤登 千恵 三光寺 由実子
出版者
国士舘大学経営学会
雑誌
国士舘大学経営論叢 = Kokushikan business review (ISSN:21871701)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.6, no.1, pp.27-53, 2016-09

Ⅰ はじめにⅡ 考察対象とする海外の学術誌と分析項目Ⅲ 研究領域別の特性Ⅳ 地域別の特性Ⅴ 時代別の特性Ⅵ 執筆者別の特性Ⅶ 結びに代えて補論 Accounting History Reviewの位置づけと今後の検討課題
著者
清水 真木
出版者
明治大学教養論集刊行会
雑誌
明治大学教養論集 (ISSN:03896005)
巻号頁・発行日
no.436, pp.1-19, 2008-09

日本語の「哲学」という名詞、そして、明治以降、「哲学」という言葉によって日本語に置き換えられてきた西洋近代各国語の語彙に含まれるphilosophy、philosophieなどの言葉が使われる文脈は、大きく二つに分かたれる。すなわち、一方において、「哲学」は、専門的な学問分野としての哲学を指し示すために使用される。しかし、他方において、「哲学」という言葉が、通俗的な意味を担う場面もまた、少なくはない。たとえば、「あの人には哲学がない」「松下幸之助の経営哲学」などの表現に含まれる「哲学」という言葉は、哲学史を構成する哲学、つまり、学問としての哲学、あるいは学問的であることを目指す活動としての哲学を意味するものではない。
著者
吉原 良祐 八幡 知之 栗林 繁樹 花川 公麿 大西 正孝 大林 良和 清水 伸一 謝 詔銘 松田 洋三
出版者
一般社団法人 日本感染症学会
雑誌
感染症学雑誌 (ISSN:03875911)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.65, no.1, pp.119-123, 1991-01-20 (Released:2011-09-07)
参考文献数
15

A 58-year-old female was introduced to our hospital for admission on April 22, 1988, because of high grade fever and agranulocytosis. She had eschers on her left zygomatic region and medial region of the right thigh. The latter lesion was accompanied by cellulitis. Laboratory tests showed her WBC was 600/mm3 and T-Bil was 6.51 mg/dl. By using minocyclin, piperacillin and other drugs, her general condition and laboratory data became better in a few days.Although her skin lesions resembled “Tsutsugamushi disease”, serological tests showed no evidence for Rickettia infection. So we could not rule out that another kind of insect bite may also develop such a severe clinical course. Furthermore, Staphylococcus aureus or Clostridium spp., which were detected in her pus, might have the toxic effects of inducing agranulocytosis, which might mainly be the result from the local WBC emigration, and jaundice, just like the effects of the endotoxin of Gram negative bacteria.
著者
高橋 典明 佐藤 良博 清水 哲男 橋本 修
出版者
一般社団法人 日本呼吸ケア・リハビリテーション学会
雑誌
日本呼吸ケア・リハビリテーション学会誌 (ISSN:18817319)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.24, no.2, pp.175-178, 2014-08-31 (Released:2015-11-13)
参考文献数
9

肺がんにおける緩和ケアは他のがんと基本的に同じである.ただし,肺がんはがんのなかでも予後が不良で,他のがんよりも疼痛ばかりでなく咳や呼吸困難などの呼吸器症状が伴いやすい.そのため病名告知されるだけでも精神的負担は特に強い.したがって,肺がんにおいて身体的,精神的,社会的およびスピリチュアルな苦痛に対する緩和ケアはきわめて重要であり,早期から緩和ケアを実施することは肺がん患者の延命にもつながる重要な要素である.肺がん終末期の身体的苦痛として呼吸困難の頻度は高く,臨床的に問題となることも多い.呼吸困難の治療は原因病態に対する治療が第一であるが,複数の原因が絡み合い難治性で不可逆的なことも多い.その呼吸困難に対する薬物治療としてモルヒネは第一選択とされ,日本緩和医療学会の「呼吸器症状の緩和に対するガイドライン」でも推奨されている.しかし,その有効性については一定の見解は得られていないのが実情である.そのことを踏まえて,肺がん終末期医療の実情について,呼吸困難に対するモルヒネ投与を例にとって検討し,さらに非がん性呼吸器疾患に対する終末期医療との比較についても述べる.
著者
南 拓人 中野 慎也 高橋 太 松島 政貴 中島 涼輔 清水 久芳 谷口 陽菜実 藤 浩明
雑誌
JpGU-AGU Joint Meeting 2020
巻号頁・発行日
2020-03-13

The thirteenth generation of International Geomagnetic Reference Field (IGRF-13) was released by International Association of Geomagnetism and Aeronomy (IAGA) in December, 2019. Prior to the release, we submitted a secular variation (SV) candidate model for IGRF-13 using a data assimilation scheme and a magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) dynamo simulation code (Minami et al. submitted to EPS special issue for IGRF-13). Our candidate SV model was evaluated by IAGA Division V Working Group V-MOD and contributed to the final IGRF-13SV model with the optimized weight. This became the first contribution to the IGRF community from research groups in Japan. This was enabled by bilateral corroboration between Japan and France; in our data assimilation scheme, we used the French main field model (Ropp et al. 2020), which was developed from magnetic observatory hourly means, and CHAMP and Swarm-A satellite data. We adopted an iterative assimilation algorithm based on four-dimensional ensemble-based variational method (4DEnVar) (Nakano 2020), which linearizes outputs of our MHD dynamo simulation (Takahashi 2012; 2014) with respect to the deviation from a dynamo state vector at an initial condition. The data vector for the assimilation consists of the poloidal scalar potential of the geomagnetic field at the Earth’s core surface, and flow velocity field slightly below the core surface, which was calculated by presuming magnetic diffusion in the boundary layer and tangentially magnetostrophic flow below it (Matsushima 2020). Dimensionless time of numerical geodynamo was adjusted to the actual time by comparison of secular variation time scales. For estimation of our IGRF-13SV candidate model, we first generated an ensemble of dynamo simulation results from a free dynamo run. We then assimilated the ensemble to the data with a 10-year assimilation window from 2009.50 to 2019.50 through iterations, and finally forecasted future SV by linear combination of the future extension parts of the ensemble members. We generated our final SV candidate model by linear fitting for the best linear combination of the ensemble MHD dynamo simulation members from 2019.50 to 2025.00. We derived errors of our SV candidate model by one standard deviation of SV histograms based on all the ensemble members. In the presentation, we plan to report our IGRF project through the bilateral corroboration with France, and describe our SV candidate model.
著者
松島 政貴 清水 久芳 高橋 太 南 拓人 中野 慎也 中島 涼輔 谷口 陽菜実 藤 浩明
雑誌
JpGU-AGU Joint Meeting 2020
巻号頁・発行日
2020-03-13

The International Geomagnetic Reference Field (IGRF) is a standard mathematical description in terms of spherical harmonic coefficients, known as the Gauss coefficients, for the Earth’s main magnetic field and its secular variation. On December 19, 2019, the working group V-MOD of the International Association of Geomagnetism and Aeronomy (IAGA) released the 13th generation of IGRF, which consists of three constituents; a Definitive IGRF (DGRF) for 2015, an IGRF for 2020, and a secular variation (SV) model from 2020 to 2025. We submitted a candidate model for SV from 2020 to 2025, relying on our strong points, such as geodynamo numerical simulation, data assimilation, and core surface flow modeling.We can estimate core flow near the core-mantle boundary (CMB)from distribution of geomagnetic field and its secular variation. Such a flow model can be obtained for actual physical parameters of the Earth. However, numerical simulations of geodynamo were carried out for physical parameters far from actual ones. Therefore, a core flow model to be used for data assimilation had to be obtained on a condition relevant to the numerical simulations. To obtain the candidate model for SV, we adjusted time-scale of a geodynamo model (Takahashi 2012, 2014) to that of actual SV of geomagnetic field as given by Christensen and Tilgner (2004).In this presentation, we first investigate temporal variations of geomagnetic field due to the magnetic diffusion only. Next, we investigate temporal variations of geomagnetic field due to the motional induction caused by some core flow models as well as the magnetic diffusion. Then we compare secular variations of geomagnetic field forecasted by these methods.
著者
高橋 太 中野 慎也 南 拓人 谷口 陽菜実 中島 涼輔 松島 政貴 清水 久芳 藤 浩明
雑誌
JpGU-AGU Joint Meeting 2020
巻号頁・発行日
2020-03-13

Secular variation (SV) of the Earth's magnetic field is governed by the advection and diffusion processes of the magnetic field within the fluid outer core. The IGRF (International Geomagnetic Reference Field) offers the average SV for the next five years to come, which has been estimated in various methods. In general, forecasting the evolution of a non-linear system like the geodynamo in the Earth's core is an extremely difficult task, because the magnetic field generation processes are controlled by the complex interaction of the core flows and the generated magnetic field. Data assimilation has been a promising scheme forecasting the geomagnetic SV as demonstrated in literatures (Kuang 2010, Fournier et al. 2015), where time dependency is controlled by a numerical dynamo model. While Ensemble Kalman Filter (EnKF) has been a popular method for data assimilation in geomagnetism, we apply a different data assimilation procedure, that is, four-dimensional, ensemble-based variational scheme, 4DEnVar. Applying the 4DEnVar scheme iteratively, we have derived a candidate SV model for the latest version of the IGRF. In evaluating SV, two forecasting strategies are tested, in which core flows are assumed to be steady or time-dependent. The former approach is favored in Fournier et al. (2015), where the magnetic field evolves kinematically by the flows prescribed to be time-independent in the initialization step. On the other hand, we have adopted linear combination of magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) models to construct a candidate as the best forecast (Minami et al. 2020). It is likely that which strategy is more suitable to forecasting SV depends on assimilation scheme and/or numerical dynamo model. However, we have little knowledge on the issue at present. In this study, we investigate results of MHD and kinematic dynamo runs with a 4DEnVar scheme in order to have a grasp of the properties of the scheme in the 5-year forecast process. Also, MHD and kinematic runs are compared to infer internal dynamics responsible for SV in the geomagnetic field.
著者
清杉 孝司 巽 好幸 鈴木 桂子 金子 克哉 中岡 礼奈 山本 由弦 羽生 毅 清水 賢 島 伸和 松野 哲男 菊池 瞭平 山口 寛登
雑誌
JpGU-AGU Joint Meeting 2020
巻号頁・発行日
2020-03-13

Catastrophic caldera-forming eruptions that discharge more than 40 km3 of Si–rich magma as pyroclastics are rare but extremely hazardous events (eruption magnitude >7). Estimating the eruption volume of pyroclastics and the magma discharge rate in caldera–cycle is essential in evaluating the risk and cause of catastrophic caldera–forming eruptions. For this reason, we took sediment cores with Hydraulic Piston Coring System (HPCS) and Short HPCS (S-HPCS) of D/V Chikyu at Kikai volcano in January 11–14, 2020. Kikai volcano (Kikai caldera) is located about 45 km off southern Kyushu Island, Japan. Except two islands (Satsuma Iwo-Jima Island and Take-Shima Island) on the northern part of the caldera rim, most of the caldera structure is under the sea. At Kikai volcano, three ignimbrites are known; the 140 ka Koabi ignimbrite, the 95 ka Nagase ignimbrite, and the latest 7.3 ka Koya ignimbrite.Sediments were recovered from 5 sites about 4.3 km off the northeastern side of Take-Shima Island. Each drilling site was separated by 10–20 m from any other site. The sediment was not consolidated. Bioturbation was not observed. The sediment sequence, from the top of the cores, consists of gravel unit, ill-sorted lapilli unit, reddish tephra unit, sandy silt unit, and white tephra unit. The sedimentary facies of these sediments is as follows.Gravel unit: The presence of this unit in the upper part of the sequence is suggested by gravels which fell in the drilling holes and recovered with the sediments of the lower sequence. The gravels are consist of white tuffaceous rock, obsidian, gray volcanic rock, reddish altered volcanic rock, gray pumice and altered pumice. They are angular to sub-angular in shape and varying in size up to 5 cm in diameter.Ill-sorted lapilli unit: This deposit consists of ill-sorted lapilli size light yellow colored pumices and lithics of dark volcanic rock, gray volcanic rock, and obsidian. The maximum grain size of the pumice is more than 5 cm, whereas the maximum grain size of the lithic is about 4 cm. The abundance of the pumice component varies with depth. The thickness of the unit is more than 7 m at the drilling sites. The color of the pumice suggests that this unit may be a secondary deposit of underlying Koya ignimbrite deposit.Reddish tephra unit: It consists of layers (maximum thickness at least 40 cm) of slightly reddish to orange ill-sorted pumice lapilli and thin layers (~1 cm thick) of relatively well-sorted ash. The thickness of the deposit is more than 5 m at the drilling sites. The characteristic color of pumice suggests that this unit is the deposit of Koya ignimbrite. Formation of relatively thin layers of lapilli and ash may be due to the deposition under the sea.Sandy silt unit: It consists of very fine fragments of black volcanic rock. The sediment contains small fragments (~5 mm) of sea shells and other organic materials. Foraminifars were also contained in this deposit. The thickness of this unit is at least 20.36 m.White tephra unit: This deposit mainly consists of ill-sorted white pumice lapilli and relatively well-sorted ash. The maximum pumice size is at least 11 cm. The thickness of the deposit is at least 30 m. The deposit is characterized by the presence of crystals of quartz, which is known as a remarkable feature of the Nagase ignimbrite deposit to distinguish it from the other tephra at Kikai volcano. Especially, the middle part of the recovered Nagase ignimbrite deposit (63–64 m below the seafloor) shows unique sedimentary face: it consists of only crystals of quartz (<2 mm in size), orthopyroxene and clinopyroxene (<1 mm in size), and magnetite (<2 mm in size). Formation of the sedimentary face may be due to the deposition of hot ignimbrite under the sea.Description of these sedimentary units is essential to distinguish the ignimbrite deposits and understand their flow behavior in the sea. We will show the detail of these sedimentary facies in the presentation.
著者
清水 俊幸 石畑 宏明 飯野 秀之 木村 雅春
雑誌
情報処理学会研究報告ハイパフォーマンスコンピューティング(HPC)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.1993, no.72(1993-HPC-048), pp.17-24, 1993-08-19

並列計算機AP1000の数値演算アクセラレータオプション(A:Numerical Computation Accelerat) を開発した.NCAによりAP1000のプロセッサエレメント () にベクトル処理機構を付加し,計算能力を高めた.NCAでは,ベクトル演算器とスカラ演算器の間にコマンドFIFOと呼ぶバッファを設け,ベクトル処理とスカラ処理のオーバラップを可能とした.オーバラップによりベクトル演算器とスカラ演算器の処理速度の差に起因する演算器の利用率の低下を防ぎ,トータルな処理時間の短縮を実現した.NCAのアーキテクチャと基本性能,並列処理性能について述べる.
著者
平 和也 河原 めぐみ 小沢 彩歌 清水 奈穂美 山川 正信 伊藤 美樹子
出版者
日本公衆衛生学会
雑誌
日本公衆衛生雑誌 (ISSN:05461766)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.67, no.6, pp.413-420, 2020-06-15 (Released:2020-07-02)
参考文献数
13

目的 日本では,平均寿命の延伸に伴い,一般の人々が自身や家族の医療や介護ニーズの意思決定に直面する機会が増えており,Advanced Care Planning(以下,ACP)が推進されている。本研究では,ACPの動機付けと知識獲得を支援するツールとしてゲーミフィケーションを活用した試行プログラム(以下,試行プログラム)を開発し,その短期評価を目的とする。方法 2~4人でプレイするすごろく形式で,止まったマスで高齢期のリスクを提示する問題発生カードをめくり,手札(解決策カード)で解決していくゲーム形式の試行プログラムを開発し,評価のために市民公開講座を開催した。一般の参加者4人1組に研究者1人が同席し,無記名自記式質問紙調査,プレイ中の会話の録音と動画撮影を行った。質問紙の主な調査項目は,年齢,性別といった基本情報と試行プログラムの『ゲームの総合評価』,『ゲームの面白さの持続性』『ゲームの難易度』の3つの観点からの評価(5点満点)や学びになった高齢者のリスクとした。高齢者のリスクは,問題発生カードの内容を選択肢とした設問で回答を得た。また,録音データはトランスクリプト化し,ACPに関する発話の誘発や知識獲得の評価,動画データはゲームの仕様に関する評価に用いた。なお,本調査は滋賀医科大学長の許可を得て実施した。活動内容 参加者は9人であり,50歳代が3人,60歳代が5人,70歳代が1人で全員女性であった。試行プログラム評価(各5点満点で得点が高い方が高評価,高持続性,高難度)は,総合評価は平均4.1±0.6点,ゲームの面白さの持続性は平均4.0±0.8点,難易度は2.2±1.2点であり,高評価で難易度も適正であった。 ゲーム中の発話では,【高齢者のリスクについて】家族の延命治療や在宅看取り希望の療養者の救急連絡などACPにかかわる発話が誘発され,『専門職(ケアマネ)』『地域包括支援センター』などの用語の知識獲得もできていた。また,学びになった高齢者のリスクとしてもACPに関する内容が含まれていた。ただし,解決策カードの解説内容までは理解が及んでいないため,今後,副読書の作成や家庭内で実施した場合の効果検証が必要である。結論 ゲーミフィケーションを活用した試作プログラムが高齢期のリスクに関する知識の獲得および会話を誘発することが示唆された。