著者

Masataka Sato Satoshi Kodera Naoto Setoguchi Kengo Tanabe Shunichi Kushida Junji Kanda Mike Saji Mamoru Nanasato Hisataka Maki Hideo Fujita Nahoko Kato Hiroyuki Watanabe Minami Suzuki Masao Takahashi Naoko Sawada Masao Yamasaki Shinnosuke Sawano Susumu Katsushika Hiroki Shinohara Norifumi Takeda Katsuhito Fujiu Masao Daimon Hiroshi Akazawa Hiroyuki Morita Issei Komuro

出版者

The Japanese Circulation Society

雑誌

Circulation Journal (ISSN:13469843)

巻号頁・発行日

pp.CJ-23-0216, (Released:2023-11-14)

参考文献数

41

被引用文献数

2

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Background: Left heart abnormalities are risk factors for heart failure. However, echocardiography is not always available. Electrocardiograms (ECGs), which are now available from wearable devices, have the potential to detect these abnormalities. Nevertheless, whether a model can detect left heart abnormalities from single Lead I ECG data remains unclear.Methods and Results: We developed Lead I ECG models to detect low ejection fraction (EF), wall motion abnormality, left ventricular hypertrophy (LVH), left ventricular dilatation, and left atrial dilatation. We used a dataset comprising 229,439 paired sets of ECG and echocardiography data from 8 facilities, and validated the model using external verification with data from 2 facilities. The area under the receiver operating characteristic curves of our model was 0.913 for low EF, 0.832 for wall motion abnormality, 0.797 for LVH, 0.838 for left ventricular dilatation, and 0.802 for left atrial dilatation. In interpretation tests with 12 cardiologists, the accuracy of the model was 78.3% for low EF and 68.3% for LVH. Compared with cardiologists who read the 12-lead ECGs, the model’s performance was superior for LVH and similar for low EF.Conclusions: From a multicenter study dataset, we developed models to predict left heart abnormalities using Lead I on the ECG. The Lead I ECG models show superior or equivalent performance to cardiologists using 12-lead ECGs.

著者

Hiroshi MATSUMOTO Toshiyuki NAKAO Tomonari OKADA Yume NAGAOKA Fumihiro TAKEGUCHI Ryo TOMARU Hideaki IWASAWA

出版者

The Japanese Society of Internal Medicine

雑誌

Internal Medicine (ISSN:09182918)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.43, no.8, pp.668-673, 2004 (Released:2005-03-04)

参考文献数

18

被引用文献数

16 20

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Objective  There have been few studies on cyclosporine (CsA) monotherapy in adult minimal change nephrotic syndrome (MCNS). To delineate CsA therapy as new treatment options for MCNS, we conducted a prospective single-center study.  Methods  We assessed the efficacy of 3 different regimens in 36 patients, consisting of 26 first attacks or 10 relapses, of adult-onset MCNS. In 12 patients, CsA alone was given orally at a dose of 2-3 mg/kg/d, and in 12 patients, CsA after intravenous pulse methylprednisolone therapy (CsA/PMT) was given at the same dose. CsA was given for 12 months, tapered slowly, then stopped. The other 12 patients were treated with oral prednisolone (PSL, 40-60 mg/d) alone for 4 to 6 weeks, followed by daily PSL, with slowly tapering doses.  Results  Complete remission (CR) was obtained in 75% with CsA alone, 100% with CsA/PMT and 92% with PSL alone (p=0.0379). The days required for CR were shortest in the CsA/PMT group (40.9±35.5 days with CsA alone vs. 11.0±5.6 with CsA/PMT vs. 21.5±15.8 with PSL alone). The cumulative rates of CR were significantly different among the 3 groups (p<0.0001). The real numbers of the relapse were smallest in the CsA/PMT group, however, the cumulative rates of sustained remission among the 3 treatment arms were not statistically different. Renal function was well preserved with each treatment period. CsA-associated adverse effects were minimal but one patient developed new-onset hypertension and gingival hyperplasia. However, the adverse effects of PSL alone were serious in 3 cases: bleeding from gastric ulcer, diabetes mellitus, and aseptic necrosis. Many patients with PSL but few with CsA experienced cosmetic problems.  Conclusions  CsA/PMT may be the most advantageous when the clinical efficacy of each treatment for MCNS is integrated.

著者

Hiroshi Matsuda Hiroo Takaragawa

出版者

The Japanese Society for Horticultural Science

雑誌

The Horticulture Journal (ISSN:21890102)

巻号頁・発行日

pp.QH-060, (Released:2023-06-17)

被引用文献数

3

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Passion fruit (Passiflora spp.) vines, mostly indigenous to tropical highlands, although some species can be cultivated in tropical lowlands, are susceptible to high temperatures. To increase the resilience of passion fruit to the warming climate, there is an urgent need to evaluate existing genetic resources for traits suited to high temperatures and to efficiently select the superior genotypes. We investigated the genotypic variation in leaf photosynthetic reduction at high temperatures (> 30°C) as a base target trait for warming climates. Leaf photosynthesis and dark respiration were measured at 30–45°C leaf temperatures for 13 genotypes from various Passiflora spp. using a portable gas exchange system. Temperature-net and -gross photosynthetic rate curves were plotted, and the relationships between the photosynthetic rate and the transpiration rate and stomatal conductance were analyzed. The net photosynthetic rate decreased with reduced stomatal conductance and transpiration rate as the leaf temperature increased from 30°C to 40°C. Up to 45°C, the net photosynthetic rate continued decreasing with increasing dark respiration rate, whereas the gross photosynthetic rate tended to stop decreasing as the stomatal conductance and transpiration rate stopped decreasing. The respiration load of photosynthesis varied among genotypes: Alata seedling #1 (P. alata) and ‘MaQuatro’ (P. edulis f. flavicarpa) showed the lowest load, together with the smallest reduction in photosynthetic rate at high temperatures, while the Iriomote strain (P. laurifolia) showed the largest load despite the smallest reduction in photosynthetic rate. Although the trend in the physiological response to high temperatures was similar among genotypes, the rate of leaf photosynthetic reduction at high temperatures varied among passion fruit genotypes both inter- and intra-specifically. Reduction of the photosynthetic rate at high temperatures was significantly correlated with stomatal activity under non-stress conditions at 30°C leaf temperature. Stomatal length was closely correlated with photosynthetic and transpiration rates at higher leaf temperatures in the P. edulis group, whereas no correlation was detected when including the lowland relatives. We concluded that genotypes showing higher stomatal conductance and transpiration rates at 30°C leaf temperature maintained a higher leaf photosynthetic rate at temperatures > 40°C, providing potential indicators for screening.

著者

Hiroshi Kudo Shunki Kusakabe Yuki Sato Motokazu Nakabayashi Yoshito Kuroki

出版者

The Japanese Society of Internal Medicine

雑誌

Internal Medicine (ISSN:09182918)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.61, no.22, pp.3335-3341, 2022-11-15 (Released:2022-11-15)

参考文献数

19

被引用文献数

2

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Objective This study aimed to validate the efficacy of the complete lateral position method among elderly patients with severe dysphagia. Methods We enrolled 103 patients >65 years old who were diagnosed with severe dysphagia via the fiberoptic endoscopic examination of swallowing and were treated with the complete lateral position method at Hida Municipal Hospital between February 1, 2015, and October 31, 2020. Patients treated with the complete lateral position method were included in the lateral position group, and patients treated with conventional methods were included in the control group. The mortality rates were then compared between the lateral position and control groups. Results All patients had severe dysphagia. However, the complete lateral position method significantly decreased the mortality rate in the lateral position group compared with the control group (64.7% vs. 38.8%; p<0.01). In the lateral position group, approximately 55.6% of patients who were discharged from the hospital were able to safely take food orally again in the sitting position. Furthermore, the complete lateral position method significantly shortened the fasting period and improved the prognosis in patients whose condition had progressed due to senility in the lateral position group compared with the control group (17.3 vs. 8.8 days, p<0.05; 28.4 vs. 67.5 days, p<0.05) Conclusion The complete lateral position method facilitated safe oral ingestion among elderly patients with severe dysphagia. Furthermore, safe oral ingestion decreased the mortality rate and shortened the fasting period at the end of life. The method is easy to implement and does not require the use of special devices or techniques. It can therefore be a useful approach in the care of elderly patients with severe dysphagia.

著者

Hiroshi Oketani Takato Morioka Satoshi Inoha Kenji Miki Takafumi Shimogawa Nobutaka Mukae Ayumi Sakata Hiroshi Shigeto Koji Yoshimoto

出版者

JAPAN EPILEPSY SOCIETY

雑誌

Epilepsy & Seizure (ISSN:18825567)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.15, no.1, pp.59-66, 2023 (Released:2023-09-26)

参考文献数

17

被引用文献数

3

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Introduction: Arterial spin labeling (ASL) magnetic resonance (MR) perfusion imaging is useful for diagnosing non-convulsive status epilepticus (NCSE) as it visualizes ictal hyperperfusion in epileptically activated areas.Case report: A 94-year-old woman presented with inability to communicate. An electroencephalogram revealed generalized periodic discharges with triphasic morphology. However, as her liver and kidney function were normal, it was difficult to distinguish metabolic encephalopathy from NCSE. ASL showed not only diffuse hypoperfusion in the cerebral parenchyma, instead of ictal hyperperfusion, but also marked appearance of arterial transit artifact in the major arteries, probably due to stagnant flow. The patient was therefore diagnosed with hyperammonemic encephalopathy (ammonia level 128 mg/dL) induced by constipation. Along with normalization of the ammonia level, the mental status and ASL findings improved.Conclusion: In this case, ASL helped visualize the decreased blood flow and velocity secondary to hypometabolism. The addition of ASL to conventional MR images may be useful in differentiating metabolic encephalopathy from NCSE, particularly in neuroemergency situations.

著者

Hiroshi Yatsuya Kazumasa Yamagishi Yuanying Li Isao Saito Yoshihiro Kokubo Isao Muraki Manami Inoue Shoichiro Tsugane Hiroyasu Iso Norie Sawada

出版者

Japan Epidemiological Association

雑誌

Journal of Epidemiology (ISSN:09175040)

巻号頁・発行日

pp.JE20220364, (Released:2023-07-15)

参考文献数

34

被引用文献数

1

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Background: Associations of major risk factors for stroke with total and each type of stroke as well as subtypes of ischemic stroke and their population attributable fractions had not been examined comprehensively.Methods: Participants of the Japan Public Health Center-based prospective (JPHC) Study Cohort II without histories of cardiovascular disease and cancer (n=14,797) were followed from 1993 through 2012. Associations of current smoking, hypertension, diabetes, overweight (body mass index ≥ 25 kg/m2), non-high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (non-HDLC) categories, low HDLC (< 40 mg/dL), urine protein, and history of arrhythmia were examined in a mutually-adjusted Cox regression model that included age and sex. Population attributable fraction (PAF) was estimated using the hazard ratios and the prevalence of risk factors among cases.Results: Subjects with hypertension were 1.63 to 1.84 times more likely to develop any type of stroke. Diabetes, low HDLC, current smoking, overweight, urine protein, and arrhythmia were associated with risk of overall and ischemic stroke. Hypertension and urine protein were associated with risk of intracerebral hemorrhage while current smoking, hypertension, and low non-HDLC were associated with subarachnoid hemorrhage. Hypertension alone accounted for more than a quarter of stroke incidence, followed by current smoking and diabetes. High non-HDLC, current smoking, low HDLC, and overweight contributed mostly to large-artery occlusive stroke. Arrhythmia explained 13.2% of embolic stroke. Combined PAFs of all the modifiable risk factors for total, ischemic and large-artery occlusive strokes were 36.7 and 44.5% and 61.5%, respectively.Conclusion: Although there are differences according to the subtypes, hypertension could be regarded as the most crucial target for preventing strokes in Japan.

著者

Shunji Sugai Nobuyuki Kaji Akihito Osuka Koshi Takenaka Shigeru Horii Hiroshi Ikuta

出版者

THE PHYSICAL SOCIETY OF JAPAN

雑誌

Journal of the Physical Society of Japan (ISSN:00319015)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.74, no.3, pp.871-874, 2005-03-15 (Released:2007-12-06)

参考文献数

26

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Optical reflection spectroscopy perpendicular to the double-chain of PrBa2Cu4O8 clarified that carriers in the plane transfer to the chain almost completely as temperature decreases from 295 to 150 K. Many anomalies around 150 K can be explained by the transfer of carriers. The temperature and Zn substitution effects suggest that the chains are in the Fermi liquid state when the carrier density is close to 0.5/Cu(1) and in the Tomonaga–Luttinger liquid state when the carrier density is 0.4/Cu(1).

著者

戸根 裕士 Hiroshi Tone

出版者

同志社大学

巻号頁・発行日

2022

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Doshisha University

著者

Hiroshi IWATA Yasuhiro TEZUKA Shigetoshi KADOTA Akira HIRATSUKA Tadashi WATABE

出版者

Medical and Pharmaceutical Society for WAKAN-YAKU

雑誌

Journal of Traditional Medicines (ISSN:18801447)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.21, no.6, pp.281-286, 2004 (Released:2007-12-28)

参考文献数

14

被引用文献数

3

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26 種の生薬のシトクロム P450 3A4 (CYP3A4) 及び 2D6 (CYP2D6) に対する阻害作用を調べた。 生薬エキス粉末から調製されたメタノール可溶性画分を NADPH 生成系存在下, ヒト肝ミクロソームとプレインキュベーションした後の CYP3A4 の残存活性 (erythromycin N-demethylation 活性) と CYP2D6 の残存活性 (dextromethorphan O-demethylation 活性) を測定した。 その結果, 16 種の生薬がCYP3A4 活性をプレインキュベーション時間依存的に低下させた。 中でも, 呉茱萸による CYP3A4 活性の低下作用が最も顕著であった (30 分間プレインキュベーションした後の活性の残存率は 22.3%)。 次いで, 蘇木, 羌活, 五味子, 牛蒡子, 白, 大黄が顕著な低下を示した (30 分間プレインキュベーションした後の活性の残存率は, それぞれ 40.6, 41.2, 53.4, 47.1, 53.4, 59.2%)。 これら 7 種生薬による CYP3A4 活性低下作用は, CYP3A4 に対する不可逆的阻害剤である troleandomycin による残存率 (49.4%) に匹敵した。 CYP2D6 活性に対してプレインキュベーション時間依存的な活性の低下を示した生薬は, 5 種であった。 最も CYP2D6 活性の低下作用が大きかった生薬は, 羌活であり, 30 分間プレインキュベーションした後の活性の残存率は 61.9%であった。 以上の結果から, 呉茱萸, 蘇木, 羌活, 五味子, 牛蒡子, 白芷, 大黄等の複数の生薬エキス中に, CYP3A4 に対する metabolism-dependent inhibitor が含まれていることが示唆された。

著者

YUINE Hiroshi KATAOKA Nobuhiro KURAKATA Hiroshi SASAKI Takeshi WAKAYAMA Shuichi YOSHII Yuichi SHIRAISHI Hideki

出版者

Japanese Society for Brain Function and Rehabilitation

雑誌

Journal of Rehabilitation Neurosciences (ISSN:24342629)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.23, no.1, pp.231201, 2023 (Released:2023-07-28)

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While mirror therapy is used to improve upper limb function after stroke, evidence supporting its use for treating post-stroke complex regional pain syndrome remains inconclusive. We aimed to evaluate the therapeutic effects of mirror therapy for complex regional pain syndrome after stroke. The following databases were searched for relevant literature: MEDLINE, EMCARE, EMBASE, PsycINFO, CINAHL, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, Web of Science, OTseeker, and the Physiotherapy Evidence Database, with no restrictions on language, type, or date. Randomized controlled trials comparing mirror therapy with placebo interventions or other treatments for stroke and complex regional pain syndrome type 1 were included. Studies involving multiple trauma cases were excluded. Primary outcomes were pain, assessed using a visual analog scale, and upper limb function, evaluated using the Wolf Motor Function Test and Fugl–Meyer assessment. Risk of bias was assessed using the Cochrane Handbook for Systematic Reviews of Interventions. Of 2,977 screened articles, 17 were reviewed. Three studies fulfilling the inclusion criteria with moderate overall risk of bias were considered for data extraction. All three studies assessed pain using the visual analog scale; two assessed upper extremity function via the Wolf Motor Function Test or Fugl–Meyer assessment. Each of the three studies showed significant improvement in the mirror therapy group compared with the control group. This review validated mirror therapy as an effective treatment for complex regional pain syndrome type 1 after stroke; however, the quality of evidence remains very low.

著者

鵜浦 裕 ウノウラ ヒロシ hiroshi unoura

出版者

東洋大学井上円了記念学術センター

雑誌

井上円了センター年報 = Annual report of the Inoue Enryo Center (ISSN:13427628)

巻号頁・発行日

no.2, pp.25-48, 1993-07-20

著者

竹端 寛 タケバタ ヒロシ Hiroshi Takebata

雑誌

山梨学院大学法学論集

巻号頁・発行日

vol.70, pp.31-61, 2013-02-15

著者

Mitsutoshi Okamoto Yuki Monden Akiko Shindo Tomoyuki Takeuchi Tomoko Endo Yukinori Shigematsu Kazuto Takasaki Hiroshi Fujii Takehiko Shimada

出版者

Japanese Society of Breeding

雑誌

Breeding Science (ISSN:13447610)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.73, no.2, pp.146-157, 2023 (Released:2023-06-06)

参考文献数

39

被引用文献数

2

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Citrus is a major cultivated crop in Japan, and new cultivars are of great interest in the Japanese and global market. Recently, the infringement of breeders’ rights to citrus cultivars bred in Japan has become a problem related to the agricultural product export strategy promoted by the Japanese government. Cultivar identification systems using DNA markers are an effective tool for protecting breeders’ rights. Here, a novel target cultivar-specific identification system using the chromatographic printed array strip method was developed for eight prominent Japanese citrus cultivars. A polymorphic InDel fragment specific to each cultivar was explored through the screening of published citrus InDel markers and next-generation sequencing of retrotransposon libraries. The cultivar-specific DNA marker set for each cultivar comprised 1–3 polymorphic InDel fragments in combination with a PCR-positive DNA marker for the ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase large subunit gene. The DNA markers were detected within 3 hours from DNA extraction to the detection by the C-PAS4 membrane stick following multiplex PCR. The developed system is superior as a convenient, rapid, and cost-effective DNA diagnostic method during inspection. The proposed target cultivar-specific identification system is expected to serve as an efficient tool for the injunction of suspicious registered cultivars, contributing to the protection of breeders’ rights.

著者

Yusuke Sato Tetsuji Morishita Yuya Matsunaka Tomohiro Shimizu Hiroyasu Uzui Hiroshi Tada

出版者

The Japanese Circulation Society

雑誌

Circulation Journal (ISSN:13469843)

巻号頁・発行日

pp.CJ-23-0173, (Released:2023-05-09)

参考文献数

1

著者

Takuro SAITO Takeshi MIKAMI Tsukasa HIRANO Hiroshi NAGAHAMA Rei ENATSU Katsuya KOMATSU Satoshi OKAWA Yukinori AKIYAMA Nobuhiro MIKUNI

出版者

The Japan Neurosurgical Society

雑誌

Neurologia medico-chirurgica (ISSN:04708105)

巻号頁・発行日

pp.2022-0372, (Released:2023-04-06)

参考文献数

35

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Impaired reperfusion in ischemic brain disease is a condition that we are increasingly confronted with owing to recent advances in reperfusion therapy. In the present study, rat models of reperfusion were investigated to determine the causes of acute seizures using magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and histopathological specimens. Rat models of bilateral common carotid artery ligation followed by reperfusion and complete occlusion were created. We compared the incidence of seizures, mortality within 24 h, MRI, and magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS) to evaluate ischemic or hemorrhagic changes and metabolites in the brain parenchyma. In addition, the histopathological specimens were compared with those observed on MRI. In multivariate analysis, the predictive factors of mortality were seizure (odds ratios (OR), 106.572), reperfusion or occlusion (OR, 0.056), and the apparent diffusion coefficient value of the striatum (OR, 0.396). The predictive factors of a convulsive seizure were reperfusion or occlusion (OR, 0.007) and the number of round-shaped hyposignals (RHS) on susceptibility-weighted imaging (SWI) (OR, 2.072). The incidence of convulsive seizures was significantly correlated with the number of RHS in the reperfusion model. RHS on SWI was confirmed pathologically as microbleeds in the extravasation of the brain parenchyma and was distributed around the hippocampus and cingulum bundle. MRS analysis showed that the N-acetyl aspartate level was significantly lower in the reperfusion group than in the occlusion group. In the reperfusion model, RHS on SWI was a risk factor for convulsive seizures. The location of the RHS also influenced the incidence of convulsive seizures.

著者

Shiho TANIGUCHI Masato NIITSUYA Yoko INOUE Hiroshi KATAGIRI Takehiro KADOWAKI Yoshiharu AIZAWA

出版者

National Institute of Occupational Safety and Health

雑誌

Industrial Health (ISSN:00198366)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.37, no.1, pp.88-94, 1999 (Released:2007-03-29)

参考文献数

25

被引用文献数

8 8

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No method has yet been established to evaluate the exposure to tobacco smoke in passive smoking (PS). We therefore conducted a study on the possibility that the levels of urinary trans, trans-muconic acid (MA) and the exhaled carbon monoxide (CO) could be indices of the passive exposure to tobacco smoke. The moderate correlation was observed between urinary MA levels and the number of consumed cigarettes per day in smokers. The mean urinary MA level of the PS (+) group was significantly higher than that with the PS (-) group. Among the PS (+) group, the mean MA level in the urine obtained in the afternoon was higher than that obtained in the morning. A high correlation was observed between the exhaled CO levels and the number of consumed cigarettes per day in smokers. Like the urinary MA level, the mean exhaled CO level in the PS (+) group, too, gave a significantly higher level than in the PS (-) group. Because the biological half life of MA (7.5 ±0.85h) was longer than that of CO (3.0±0.36h), the measurement of urinary MA level is recommended for evaluating the exposure of passive smoking. The measurement of exhaled CO levels is useful only for chain smokers and nonsmokers with PS just before measurement.

著者

田宮 裕 タミヤ ヒロシ Hiroshi Tamiya

雑誌

立教法学

巻号頁・発行日

vol.50, pp.1-33, 1998-07-20

著者

MATSUYAMA Hiroshi

出版者

The Association of Japanese Geographers

雑誌

Geographical review of Japan series B (ISSN:18834396)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.85, no.2, pp.93-94, 2013 (Released:2013-05-29)

参考文献数

1

著者

中安 英彦 塚本 太郎 南 吉紀 石本 真二 藤井 謙司 栗田 充 青木 良尚 麥谷 高志 鷲谷 正史 山本 行光 石川 和敬 冨田 博史 元田 敏和 二宮 哲次郎 濱田 吉郎 舩引 浩平 津田 宏果 牧 緑 小野 孝次 廣谷 智成 LIFLEXチーム Nakayasu Hidehiko Tsukamoto Taro Minami Yoshinori Ishimoto Shinji Fujii Kenji Kurita Mitsuru Aoki Yoshihisa Mugitani Takashi Washitani Masahito Yamamoto Yukimitsu Ishikawa Kazutoshi Tomita Hiroshi Motoda Toshikazu Ninomiya Tetsujiro Hamada Yoshiro Funabiki Kohei Tsuda Hiroka Maki Midori Ono Takatsugu Hirotani Tomonari LIFLEX Team

出版者

宇宙航空研究開発機構

雑誌

宇宙航空研究開発機構研究開発報告 = JAXA Research and Development Report (ISSN:13491113)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.JAXA-RR-10-004, 2010-09-30

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宇宙航空研究開発機構では,次世代の再使用宇宙輸送システムの様々なコンセプトについて検討してきたが,その中の有望なものの一つとしてリフティングボディ形状の往還システムがある.これは翼をもたず,胴体の形状によって揚力を発生するタイプの機体であり,構造の軽量化,高い容積効率,極超音速域での空力加熱特性の観点から優位性があるとされている.一方,リフティングボディ形状は揚抗比が小さく,また低速時の安定性/ 制御性が弱いため,ALFLEX(小型自動着陸実験1996)のような翼胴型の機体に比較して滑走路への進入/ 着陸時に困難がある.そこで,リフティングボディ形状の往還システムを実現するうえで最も重要な技術課題の一つとなっている自動着陸技術の蓄積を主目的とした飛行実験を,小規模で低コストな機体を用いて行うことを計画した.本報告では,飛行実験計画および実験システムの概要と,地上試験やヘリコプタを用いた懸吊飛行試験を含む開発のプロセスについて詳述する.

著者

Hiroshi HAMADA

出版者

The Japan Academy

雑誌

Proceedings of the Japan Academy, Series B (ISSN:03862208)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.96, no.7, pp.273-296, 2020-07-31 (Released:2020-08-12)

参考文献数

158

被引用文献数

16 35

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Although the human body appears superficially symmetrical with regard to the left–right (L-R) axis, most visceral organs are asymmetric in terms of their size, shape, or position. Such morphological asymmetries of visceral organs, which are essential for their proper function, are under the control of a genetic pathway that operates in the developing embryo. In many vertebrates including mammals, the breaking of L-R symmetry occurs at a structure known as the L-R organizer (LRO) located at the midline of the developing embryo. This symmetry breaking is followed by transfer of an active form of the signaling molecule Nodal from the LRO to the lateral plate mesoderm (LPM) on the left side, which results in asymmetric expression of Nodal (a left-side determinant) in the left LPM. Finally, L-R asymmetric morphogenesis of visceral organs is induced by Nodal-Pitx2 signaling. This review will describe our current understanding of the mechanisms that underlie the generation of L-R asymmetry in vertebrates, with a focus on mice.