著者
青木 宏 高野 裕 和田 盛哲 岩永 則城 宜野座 朗 Aoki Hiroshi Takano Yutaka Wada Shigeaki Iwanaga Noriki Ginoza Akira
出版者
宇宙開発事業団
雑誌
宇宙開発事業団技術報告 = NASDA Technical Memorandum (ISSN:13457888)
巻号頁・発行日
pp.1冊, 1995-08-31

現在「再使用型のロケット」の帰還形態として有翼型と垂直軟着陸型の2つが考えられている。前者の有翼型はH-2ロケット打上げ型有翼回収機(HOPE)実験による検討が進んでいる。後者の「垂直軟着陸技術」は大量貨物輸送において有利で、月面着陸探査において常用されている降着手段である。米国では「デルタクリッパ」の飛行試験が進んでいる。本研究ではロケット・エンジンによる垂直着陸技術を確立する第1歩として地上における離着陸飛行実験を計画したものである。本報告書は離着陸飛行実験について、(1)ミッションの検討、(2)システムの検討(エンジン、全体配置、システム構成、制御など)、(3)サブシステムの検討(推進系、構造系および熱制御系、航法誘導制御系、電気系、全機組立、飛行試験構想など)、(4)地上設備の検討、(5)運用計画、(6)開発スケジュールなどを検討しその結果をまとめたものである。
著者
Hiroshi TAKAYANAGI
出版者
The Japan Academy
雑誌
Proceedings of the Japan Academy, Series B (ISSN:03862208)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.96, no.4, pp.159-169, 2020-04-10 (Released:2020-04-10)
参考文献数
49
被引用文献数
9

Bone is a critically important part of the skeletal system that is essential for body support and locomotion. The immune system protects against pathogens and is active in host defense. These two seemingly distinct systems in fact interact with each other, share molecules and create a collaborative regulatory system called the “osteoimmune system”. The most representative osteoimmune molecule is receptor activator of NF-κB ligand (RANKL), which plays multiple roles in the osteoimmune system under both physiological and pathological conditions such as rheumatoid arthritis and cancer metastasis to bone. Based on accumulating evidence for such mutual dependence, it is concluded that the relationship between bone and the immune system did not develop by accident but as a necessary consequence of evolution. Here I describe the history of and recent advances in osteoimmunology, providing a perspective in the contexts of both science and medicine.
著者
Sakiko Orui Sakaguchi Hiroshi Ueda
出版者
The Plankton Society of Japan, The Japanese Association of Benthology
雑誌
Plankton and Benthos Research (ISSN:18808247)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.13, no.4, pp.173-179, 2018-11-21 (Released:2018-11-14)
参考文献数
22
被引用文献数
6

Pseudodiaptomus inopinus, a common estuarine calanoid copepod in the Northwest Pacific, has been suggested to be a species complex. The population of the mainland of Japan consists of two allopatric forms that are distinguishable by the length of the posterior processes of the genital operculum; the forms with short and long processes are tentatively called SP- and LP-forms, respectively. We analyzed the mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase subunit I (COI) gene and the nuclear ribosomal internal transcribed spacer 1 (ITS1) gene of 34 individuals (12 SP- and 22 LP-forms) collected from various localities. The genetic differences between the two forms were 12–15% for COI and 7–10% for ITS1. They were clearly separated into different clades in both COI and ITS1 trees. These results confirmed that the two forms belong to different species. The SP-form is a distinct species because the shape of the genital operculum of P. inopinus s. str. has long posterior processes as in the LP-form. Pseudodiaptomus japonicus Kikuchi, 1928, which is the SP-form and was once synonymized with P. inopinus, is revived. The genetic comparison using available sequence data indicates that Pseudodiaptomus koreanus Soh et al., 2012 is the same species as P. japonicus.
著者
Kenji Suetsugu Hiroshi Hayakawa
出版者
The Japanese Society for Plant Systematics
雑誌
Acta Phytotaxonomica et Geobotanica (ISSN:13467565)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.70, no.3, pp.205-208, 2019-10-31 (Released:2019-11-28)

The discovery of Spiranthes hongkongensis S. Y. Hu & Barretto (Orchidaceae) on Ishigaki Island, Japan, during herbarium studies in KPM is reported. Previously, S. hongkongensis was reported only from China (Guangdong, Hong Kong, Taiwan), and Malaysia (Borneo). Spiranthes hongkongensis is morphologically similar to S. australis, but is distinguishable by the membranous, narrow, truncate rostellum attached to the middle of the pollinia without a viscidium, shorter column and distinctly 3-lobed stigma.
著者
Hideo Sugiyama Hiroshi Terada Kimio Isomura Ikuyo Iijima Jun Kobayashi Kiyoshi Kitamura
出版者
日本毒性学会
雑誌
The Journal of Toxicological Sciences (ISSN:03881350)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.34, no.4, pp.417-425, 2009-08-01 (Released:2009-08-01)
参考文献数
24
被引用文献数
9 15

The isotope 210Po was suspected of being involved in the death of a former Russian intelligence agent in 2006 in the UK. Although human exposure to this natural radionuclide in foods is estimated to be high, few studies are available. UNSCEAR Report 2000 does not contain data on 210Po concentrations of foodstuffs in Japan. We analyzed samples of the everyday Japanese diet cooked with foodstuffs purchased at supermarkets in 7 major domestic cities in 2007-2008. 210Po was quantified by alpha spectrometry and natural radionuclides such as 40K by gamma spectrometry. The daily intake and committed effective dose of 210Po, 40K, and other natural radionuclides for Japanese adults were calculated. Daily intake was 0.34-1.84 (mean ± σ : 0.66 ± 0.53) and 68.5-94.2 (81.5 ± 8.5) Bq/d and the committed effective dose was 0.15-0.81 (0.29 ± 0.24) and 0.16-0.21 (0.18 ± 0.02) mSv for 210Po and 40K, respectively, comprising a high percentage of the total exposure. The total of the mean committed effective dose for the two nuclides (0.47 mSv) was higher than the annual effective dose from ingestion of foods reported by UNSCEAR 2000 (0.29 mSv). The mean committed effective dose of 40K in the 7 major Japanese cities was comparable to the global average (0.17 mSv). The dietary exposure of Japanese adults can be characterized by a higher 210Po contribution than in other countries. Of the total daily dietary 210Po exposure (13 food categories excluding water) for adults in Yokohama, about 70% was from fish/shellfish and 20% from vegetables/mushrooms/seaweeds, reflecting preferences of Japanese to eat a considerable amount of fish/shellfish containing high 210Po concentrations.
著者
Masahiro TAMURA Kensuke NAKAMURA Tatsuyuki OSUGA Genya SHIMBO Noboru SASAKI Keitaro MORISHITA Hiroshi OHTA Mitsuyoshi TAKIGUCHI
出版者
JAPANESE SOCIETY OF VETERINARY SCIENCE
雑誌
Journal of Veterinary Medical Science (ISSN:09167250)
巻号頁・発行日
pp.19-0116, (Released:2019-06-27)
被引用文献数
4

Contrast-enhanced ultrasonography (CEUS) is useful to distinguish benign and malignant focal liver lesions in dogs. Cholangiocellular adenoma is an extremely rare benign tumor in dogs and has not been examined using CEUS with Sonazoid. The aim of this study was to describe findings of CEUS with Sonazoid in three dogs with cholangiocellular adenoma. All three dogs showed contrast defects in the Kupffer phase and these findings mimicked malignant neoplasia during the Kupffer phase. Moreover, all dogs showed early washout and hypoechoic lesions relative to the surrounding normal liver parenchyma in the portal phase. To our knowledge, this is the first study to report that CEUS findings of cholangiocellular adenoma with Sonazoid mimicked malignancy in three dogs.
著者
Toru Miyoshi Kunihisa Kohno Hirohiko Asonuma Satoru Sakuragi Makoto Nakahama Yusuke Kawai Tadahisa Uesugi Takefumi Oka Mitsuru Munemasa Natsuki Takahashi Naoki Mukohara Seiji Habara Yasushi Koyama Kazufumi Nakamura Hiroshi Ito on behalf of the PEACH Investigators
出版者
The Japanese Circulation Society
雑誌
Circulation Journal (ISSN:13469843)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.82, no.2, pp.532-540, 2018-01-25 (Released:2018-01-25)
参考文献数
39
被引用文献数
13

Background:The effect of lipid-lowering agents on progression of coronary artery calcification (CAC) remains unclear. We evaluated the effects of pitavastatin 2 mg/day (PIT2), pitavastatin 4 mg/day (PIT4), and PIT2 combined with eicosapentaenoic acid (PIT2+EPA) on CAC progression.Methods and Results:This prospective multicenter study in Japan included patients with an Agatston score of 1–999, hypercholesterolemia, and no evidence of cardiovascular disease. Patients were allocated into PIT2, PIT4, or PIT2+EPA groups. The primary outcome was the annual percent change in Agatston score in all patients. In total, 156 patients who had multi-detector row computed tomography without any artifacts were included in the primary analysis. Pitavastatin did not significantly reduce the annual progression rate of the Agatston score (40%; 95% CI: 19–61%). The annual progression rate of Agatston score in the PIT2 group was not significantly different from that in the PIT4 group (34% vs. 42%, respectively; P=0.88) or the PIT2+EPA group (34% vs. 44%, respectively; P=0.80). On post-hoc analysis the baseline ratio of low- to high-density lipoprotein cholesterol was a significant predictor of non-progression of Agatston score by pitavastatin (OR, 2.17; 95% CI: 1.10–44.12; P=0.02).Conclusions:Pitavastatin does not attenuate progression of CAC. Intensive pitavastatin treatment and standard treatment with EPA does not reduce progression of CAC compared with standard treatment.
著者
Takashi Yamauchi Hiroshi Takano Hiroaki Miyata Noboru Motomura Shinichi Takamoto
出版者
The Japanese Circulation Society
雑誌
Circulation Reports (ISSN:24340790)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.1, no.3, pp.131-136, 2019-03-08 (Released:2019-03-08)
参考文献数
30
被引用文献数
1

Background: The aim of this study was to determine adequate indication for transcatheter aortic valve replacement (TAVR). We analyzed risk factors of surgical aortic valve replacement (SAVR) not only for mortality, but also for morbidity, including long hospital stay (≥90 days) and patient activity at discharge, in patients who underwent SAVR for aortic stenosis (AS). Methods and Results: Using the Japan Adult Cardiovascular Surgery Database (JCVSD), 13,961 patients with or without coronary artery bypass grafting who underwent elective SAVR for AS were identified from January 2008 to December 2012. The hospital mortality rate was 3.1%. The percentage of patients who had long hospital stay (≥90 days) and who had moderately or severely decompressed activity at discharge (modified Rankin scale ≥4) was 2.9% and 6.5%, respectively. Eleven and 20 preoperative predictors of hospital mortality and morbidity, respectively, including long hospital stay and compromised status at discharge, were identified. Based on these risk factors, the risk model predicted hospital mortality (area under the curve [AUC], 0.732) and morbidity (AUC, 0.694). Conclusions: Using JCVSD, a risk model of SAVR was developed for AS. This model can identify patients at high risk not only for mortality, but also for mortality and morbidity, including long hospital stay and status at discharge.
著者
Tomomi Nagayama Satoshi Nagase Tsukasa Kamakura Mitsuru Wada Kohei Ishibashi Yuko Y. Inoue Koji Miyamoto Takashi Noda Takeshi Aiba Hiroshi Takaki Masaru Sugimachi Wataru Shimizu Teruo Noguchi Satoshi Yasuda Shiro Kamakura Kengo Kusano
出版者
The Japanese Circulation Society
雑誌
Circulation Journal (ISSN:13469843)
巻号頁・発行日
pp.CJ-18-0643, (Released:2019-01-12)
参考文献数
38
被引用文献数
7

Background: Spontaneous type 1 electrocardiogram (ECG) in the right precordial lead is a dominant predictor of ventricular fibrillation (VF) in Brugada syndrome (BrS). In some BrS patients with VF, however, spontaneous type 1 ECG is undetectable, even in repeated ECG and immediately after VF. This study investigated differences between BrS patients with spontaneous or drug-induced type 1 ECG. Methods and Results: We evaluated 15 BrS patients with drug-induced (D-BrS) and 29 with spontaneous type 1 ECG (SP-BrS). All patients had had a previous VF episode. In each D-BrS patient, ECG was recorded more than 15 times (mean, 46±34) during 7.2±5.1 years of follow-up. Age and family history were comparable between groups. Inferolateral early repolarization (ER) was observed in 13 D-BrS (87%) at least once but in only 3 SP-BrS (10%, P<0.01). Immediately after VF, inferolateral ER was accentuated in 9 of 10 D-BrS, while type 1 ECG was accentuated in 12 of 16 SP-BrS. Fragmented QRS in the right precordial lead and aVR sign were absent in D-BrS but present in 20 (69%, P<0.01) and 11 (38%, P<0.01) SP-BrS, respectively. There was no prognostic difference between groups. Conclusions: Although having similar clinical profiles, there are obvious ECG differences between VF-positive BrS patients with spontaneous or drug-induced type 1 ECG. The inferolateral lead rather than the right precordial lead on ECG may be particularly crucial in some BrS patients.
著者
Eizaburo Tanaka Hiroshi Yatsuya Mayu Uemura Chiyoe Murata Rei Otsuka Hideaki Toyoshima Koji Tamakoshi Satoshi Sasaki Leo Kawaguchi Atsuko Aoyama
出版者
Japan Epidemiological Association
雑誌
Journal of Epidemiology (ISSN:09175040)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.23, no.2, pp.132-138, 2013-03-05 (Released:2013-03-05)
参考文献数
39
被引用文献数
12 72

Background: Diet is a modifiable factor that may affect sleep, but the associations of macronutrient intakes with insomnia are inconsistent. We investigated the associations of protein, fat, and carbohydrate intakes with insomnia symptoms.Methods: In this cross-sectional analysis of 4435 non-shift workers, macronutrient intakes were assessed by the brief-type self-administered diet history questionnaire, which requires the recall of usual intakes of 58 foods during the preceding month. Presence of insomnia symptoms, including difficulty initiating sleep (DIS), difficulty maintaining sleep (DMS), and poor quality of sleep (PQS) were self-reported. Logistic regression analysis was used to estimate odds ratios (ORs) and 95% CIs adjusted for demographic, psychological, and behavioral factors, as well as medical histories.Results: Low protein intake (<16% vs ≥16% of total energy) was associated with DIS (OR 1.24, 95% CI 0.99–1.56) and PQS (OR 1.24, 95% CI 1.04–1.48), while high protein intake (≥19% vs <19% of total energy) was associated with DMS (OR 1.40, 95% CI 1.12–1.76). Low carbohydrate intake (<50% vs ≥50% of total energy) was associated with DMS (OR 1.19, 95% CI 0.97–1.45).Conclusions: Protein and carbohydrate intakes in the daily diet were associated with insomnia symptoms. The causality of these associations remains to be explained.
著者
Mitsuo UCHIDA Hiroshi MORITA
出版者
National Institute of Occupational Safety and Health
雑誌
Industrial Health (ISSN:00198366)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.56, no.3, pp.207-211, 2018 (Released:2018-06-01)
参考文献数
17
被引用文献数
5

Although long work hours have been associated with various physical health problems, studies of their association with mental health have yielded inconsistent results, due to differences in study settings, study outcome and/or unmeasured background factors. In this study, we used a propensity score method to evaluate the association between work hours and depressive state. A total of 467 Japanese white-collar workers were surveyed and divided into long and regular work hour groups according to overtime work records. Propensity score matching was performed based on 32 individual background and workplace factors, yielding 74 pairs of propensity-matched subjects. CES-D score, an indicator of depressive state, did not differ significantly among the two groups (p=0.203). However, work motivation, work control, social support and emotional stability correlated with CES-D score. These findings suggest that work control and social support factors are more associated with depressive state than control of work hours. These results also suggest that it is possible to use propensity score matching to evaluate the association between work hours and mental health in occupational study settings. Further studies, in larger populations, are required to determine the association between work hours and mental health parameters.
著者
キム ヒョンジン ハン ソンヨン 佐々木 浩 安藤 元一 Kim Hyeonjin Sungyong Han Hiroshi Sasaki Motokazu Ando 東京農業大学大学院農学研究科畜産学専攻 Korean Otter Research Center 筑紫女学園大学短期大学部幼児教育科 東京農業大学農学部バイオセラピー学科 Department of Animal Science Graduate School of Agriculture Tokyo University of Agriculture Korean Otter Research Center Department of Early Childhood Education Chikushi Jogakuen University Junior College Department of Human and Animal-Plant Relationships Faculty of Agriculture Tokyo University of Agriculture
出版者
東京農業大学
雑誌
東京農業大学農学集報 (ISSN:03759202)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.59, no.1, pp.29-38,

ユーラシアカワウソLutra lutraが経済成長に伴う環境変化からどのような影響を受けるのか調べることを目的に,工業集積の進む韓国慶尚南道の海岸における本種の生息痕を1982年,1991-94年,2002年および2009年にわたってモニタリングした。慶尚南道馬山地域における糞密度は,1990年代には減少傾向を示したが,2000年代後半には回復傾向に転じた。回復傾向は釜山市などでも見られた。本種が安定的に生息する海域のCODは約4mg/L以下のレベルであった。糞が多く見られたのは,岬の湾口にある磯海岸,海岸近くの小島,河川の人工湖などであり,これらは餌資源の多いことや,隠れ場所として適していることが共通していた。本種は人工護岸のわずかな隙間や,沖合の水産養殖イカダの上をサインポストとして利用しており,人工環境への適応力も備えていた。調査期間中に調査地の陸域における各種経済指標は高い伸びを示したが,湾奥部におけるカワウソが生息しない地域が若干広がったことを除くと,陸域における経済発展や開発は本種の生息に直接的な影響は与えないことがわかった。Distribution of otter spraints along sea coasts at Masan area of Gyeongsangnam-do, Korea was monitored for 27 years from 1982, 1991-94, 2002 to 2009. Densities of spraints once decreased in the 1990's. In the late 2000's, however, this turned to a tendency to increase, although recovery was insufficient. Similar recovery was also identified in Busan. Spraints were not found at areas that were far from the closed-off section of the bay by 0-9km. The otters were able to inhabit up to the vicinity of industrialized area. At coasts where otter spraints were regularly found, COD level was around 4mg/L. Spraints were often found at rocky coasts along capes, heads of bays, small islets and reservoirs, indicating that prey fish was abundant in those areas. At coasts with steep artificial walls, otters managed to find landing places by locating narrow gaps and harbors. Otherwise, they used coastal fishpens as signposts, indicating their adaptability to artificial environments. Economic indicators in the land area of the investigation place heightened considerably during the monitoring period. The above findings indicate that terrestrial economic growth does not necessarily lead to the decrease of the otter population.
著者
Hiroki Nagashima Shuhei Kawaoka Yasunori Matsui Takashi Tachikawa Hiroshi Ikeda Yasuhiro Kobori
出版者
The Society of Photopolymer Science and Technology(SPST)
雑誌
Journal of Photopolymer Science and Technology (ISSN:09149244)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.31, no.2, pp.163-167, 2018-06-25 (Released:2018-09-05)
参考文献数
26
被引用文献数
1

The singlet fission (SF) is expected to be powerful tool for exceeding the theoretical limit of the power conversion efficiency on the organic solar cells. However, little is known on the intermolecular SF mechanism in the solid state. In the present study, we have investigated intermolecular SF in 2-phenyl-6,11-bis(triisopropylsilylethynyl)tetracene (TIPS-Ph-Tc) in frozen solutions using a time-resolved electron paramagnetic resonance measurement at a low temperature. SF-born quintet states (Q) and subsequent dissociations into two triplet states (T + T) were detected for a diluted solute concentration of 10-4 M in dichloromethane. The microsecond triplet dissociation was found to occur due to the amorphous morphology in the frozen aggregate, suggesting that Q is generated as a trapped state. Furthermore, it was also suggested that the T + T dissociation follows the Q generation due to a T-T repulsion, whose energy were determined by the negative exchange couplings in the triplet pairs, (TT).
著者
Tomohiro Nishimura Wittaya Tawong Hiroshi Sakanari Takuji Ikegami Keita Uehara Daiki Inokuchi Masatoshi Nakamura Takuya Yoshioka Shota Abe Haruo Yamaguchi Masao Adachi
出版者
The Plankton Society of Japan, The Japanese Association of Benthology
雑誌
Plankton and Benthos Research (ISSN:18808247)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.13, no.2, pp.46-58, 2018-05-30 (Released:2018-05-24)
参考文献数
68
被引用文献数
13

Ciguatera fish poisoning (CFP) is caused by toxins originating from an epiphytic/benthic dinoflagellate of the genus Gambierdiscus. In Japan, CFP cases have been increasingly reported not only in subtropical areas but also in temperate areas. It is therefore important to study Gambierdiscus cell occurrences, cell densities, and population dynamics to address CFP outbreaks in Japan. This study assessed the densities in Japanese shallow waters (0.1–3 m depths) and revealed that the densities were lower than those in tropical and subtropical areas worldwide. In the shallow waters of Tosa Bay, a Japanese temperate area, population dynamics of Gambierdiscus cells were assessed monthly between 2007 and 2013. Gambierdiscus did not show substrate preferences for macroalgal species. The cell densities in the area ranged from 0 to 232.2 cells g−1 wet weight algae. The average cell densities in spring, summer, autumn, and winter were 0.1±0.4, 0.9±2.6, 4.0±20.6, and 0.4±1.4 cells g−1 wet weight algae, respectively. The cell densities in summer and autumn were not significantly different (p>0.05), whereas those in summer and autumn were significantly higher than those in spring and winter (p<0.01). A significant positive correlation between cell densities and sea surface temperatures (SSTs) was observed (rs=0.21, p<0.001), while a significant negative correlation between cell densities and salinity was recognized (rs=−0.18, p<0.001). These results suggest that cell densities of Gambierdiscus in Japanese temperate shallow waters increase in summer and autumn when the SST is high and salinity is moderately low.
著者
TAKAHASHI Hiroshi G.
出版者
Meteorological Society of Japan
雑誌
気象集誌. 第2輯 (ISSN:00261165)
巻号頁・発行日
pp.2018-046, (Released:2018-05-25)
被引用文献数
2

This study investigated the absolute values of column-integrated water vapor (precipitable water; PW) in the climate models used in the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project Phase 5 (CMIP5), in terms of the relationships between PW and precipitation characteristics. We identified that global mean PW values are systematically much lower in CMIP5 models than in observations. This dry bias is most profound over the tropical ocean. The dry bias is partly due to biases in sea surface temperatures in the CMIP5-coupled climate models. However, the dry bias is also present in Atmospheric Model Intercomparison Project (AMIP) experiments, which implies the existence of other factors. The relationship between PW and rainfall characteristics shows that rainfall occurs when water vapor levels are lower than in observations, particularly in models with a relatively strong dry bias. This suggests that the reproducibility of rainfall characteristics may be associated with the dry bias.