著者

YAMAMOTO Sota KAWANISHI Motohiro NISHIMURA Satoru

出版者

日本熱帯農業学会

雑誌

Tropical Agriculture and Development (ISSN:18828450)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.59, no.4, pp.170-178, 2015

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It is considered that a "traditional" diet based on staple starchy crops and marine resources has been replaced by a "modern" diet in the Federated States of Micronesia (FSM). However, research on FSM dietary patterns has previously been short-term in nature; diet has not been surveyed over a full year. Therefore, a detailed study of household food consumption at every meal for 12 months was conducted to discover present dietary patterns on Piis-Paneu Island, Chuuk Atoll, in the FSM. We compared our data to those of previous studies in an effort to understand real food behavior in the FSM. People on Piis-Paneu Island often consumed imported food, especially rice, canned fish, and instant noodles. However, they also often consumed local resources, including breadfruit, banana, Cyrtosperma merkusii, fish, and other marine resources. Moreover, they still cooked Alocasia macrorrhizos in a traditional manner, to remove calcium oxalate. A. macrorrhizos is a form of famine food that is plentiful on the island. Dietary patterns on Piis-Paneu Island seem to be basically "traditional", but incorporate "modern" food, rather than being intermediate between "traditional" and "modern". Breadfruit is often emphasized as a very important crop in Chuuk State or Micronesia in general, but it is noteworthy that the fast growth and stable production of banana throughout the entire year supports subsistence on small islands of the FSM.

著者

YAMAMOTO Sota

出版者

鹿児島大学

雑誌

南太平洋海域調査研究報告=Occasional papers (ISSN:13450441)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.54, pp.27-33,

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In the 1950s, people in the Federated States of Micronesia (FSM) still ate a "traditional" diet based on starchy staple crops and marine resources, but this began to be replaced by imported food such as rice, flour, sugar, fatty foods, and other processed foods after the United States Department of Agriculture started its supplementary feeding program in the 1960s. This phenomenon accelerated after a Compact of Free Association was signed between the FSM and the United States in 1986. Since then, the FSM has faced serious public health problems due to this new diet and other lifestyle changes. On small islands and atolls, imported foods and medicines may not arrive for more than a month if a typhoon or an oil crisis occurs. In this study, a detailed study of household food consumption is shown to represent the present situation of food security on Piis-Paneu Island (Chuuk Atoll, Chuuk State) and Pingelap Island (Pohnpei State).

著者

YAMAMOTO Sota KAWANISHI Motohiro NISHIMURA Satoru

出版者

日本熱帯農業学会

雑誌

Tropical Agriculture and Development (ISSN:18828450)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.59, no.4, pp.161-169, 2015

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Before the 1950s, the population of the Federated States of Micronesia (FSM) consumed a traditional diet based on starch staple crops and marine resources. This began to be replaced by a modern food in the 1960s and this phenomenon accelerated after a Compact of Free Association was signed between the FSM and the United States in 1986. Previous researches on dietary patterns in the FSM were undertaken only for a very short-period and they did not indicate the dietaries for the whole year. Therefore, a detailed study of household food consumption for every meal over a period of 18 months was conducted to understand the dietary patterns of the inhabitants of Pingelap Island, Pohnpei State, the FSM. Inhabitants of Pingelap Island were partially dependent on imported rice, but they all consumed banana, breadfruit, mweiang (Cyrtosperma merkusii; giant swamp taro), and fish obtained locally at a high frequency. Breadfruit was available seasonally, so the frequency of its consumption fluctuated, and consumption of banana and mweiang increased depending on the availability of breadfruit. The consumption frequencies of imported fresh meat, canned fish, and canned meat were very low. These observations suggest that the dietary patterns on Pingelap Island resemble traditional diets, with a reliance on food available locally and favorable for food security.

著者

山本 卓 ヤマモト タク Taku Yamamoto

雑誌

立教法学

巻号頁・発行日

vol.98, pp.255-226, 2018-03-25

著者

楊 鶴 Goro(Georges) SATO(VEYSSIÈRE) 渋谷 直樹 山本 明美 野田 農 五味田 泰 嶋野 牧子 菊池 博子 木村 仁志 Kenichiro OTANI 石川 典子 八木橋 久実子 佐藤 正尚 Marie-Noëlle BEAUVIEUX Takeo YAMAMOTO 太田 悠介

出版者

日本フランス語フランス文学会

雑誌

フランス語フランス文学研究 (ISSN:04254929)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.112, pp.133-148, 2018 (Released:2018-04-26)

著者

山本 武彦 Takehiko Yamamoto

出版者

創価大学平和問題研究所

雑誌

創大平和研究 (ISSN:03876209)

巻号頁・発行日

no.26, pp.55-79, 2011

著者

Stepanenko Valeriy F. Hoshi Masaharu Dubasov Yuriy V. SAKAGUCHI Aya YAMAMOTO Masayoshi ORLOV Mark Y. BAILIFF Ian K. IVANNIKOV Alexander I. SKVORTSOV Valeriy G. IASKOVA Elena K. KRYUKOVA Irina G. ZHUMADILOV Kassym S. ENDO Satoru TANAKA Kenichi APSALIKOV Kazbek N. GUSEV Boris I.

出版者

放射線影響学会 = Japan Radiation Research Society

雑誌

Journal of radiation research (ISSN:04493060)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.47, pp.A149-A158, 2006-02-28

参考文献数

27

被引用文献数

10 21

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金沢大学環日本海域環境研究センター地球環境計測研究部門Spatial distributions of soil contamination by 137Cs (89 sampling points) and 239+240pu (76 points) near and within Dolon village were analyzed. An essential exponential decrease of contamination was found in Dolon village: the distance of a half reduction in contamination is about 0.87-1.25 km (in a northwest-southeast direction from the supposed centerline of the radioactive trace). This fact is in agreement with the available exposure rate measurements near Dolon (September 1949 archive data): on the basis of a few measurements the pattern of the trace was estimated to comprise a narrow 2 km corridor of maximum exposure rate. To compare computed external doses in air with local dose estimates by retrospective luminescence dosimetry (RLD) the gradient of radioactive soil contamination within the village was accounted for. The computed dose associated with the central axis of the trace was found to be equal to 2260 mGy (calculations based on archive exposure rate data). Local doses near the RLD sampling points (southeast of the village) were calculated to be in the range 466-780 mGy (averaged value: 645+/-70 mGy), which is comparable with RLD data (averaged value 460+/-92 mGy with range 380-618 mGy). A comparison of the computed mean dose in the settlement with dose estimates by ESR tooth enamel dosimetry makes it possible to estimate the "upper level" of the "shielding and behavior" factor in dose reduction for inhabitants of Dolon village which was found to be 0.28+/-0.068.

著者

Tohru ISHIKAWA Yu FUKASE Taeko YAMAMOTO Fumiko SEKIGUCHI Hideo ISHITSUKA

出版者

The Pharmaceutical Society of Japan

雑誌

Biological and Pharmaceutical Bulletin (ISSN:09186158)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.21, no.7, pp.713-717, 1998-07-15 (Released:2008-04-10)

参考文献数

19

被引用文献数

28 39

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Capecitabine (N4-pentyloxycarbonyl-5'-fluorocytidine) is a novel fluoropyrimidine carbamate that was synthesized for the purpose of finding antitumor drugs with improved safety and efficacy profiles compared with those of 5-fluorouracil (5-FUra) and doxifluridine (5'-deoxy-5-fluorouridine, 5'-dFUrd). The present study compared the antitumor activities of the compound with those of other fluoropyrimidines in 12 human cancer xenograft models and their antimetastatic activities in murine tumor models. The antitumor efficacy of capecitabine was greater than those of 5'-dFUrd, UFT (a mixture of tegafur and uracil) and 5FUra. Capecitabine was also much safer, particularly much less toxic to the intestinal tract, than the other compounds, indicating higher therapeutic indices. The therapeutic indices. The therapeutic indices of capecitabine, 5'-dFUrd and 5-FUra were >40, >20 and 2.0 against the human CXF280 colon cancer xenograft, the most sensitive line to the fluoropyrimidines so far tested, and 5.1, 1.5, and <1.5 against the human HCT116 colon cancer xenograft with ordinary sensitivity, respectively. In addition, capecitabine, as well as 5'-dFUrd, selectively suppressed the spontaneous metastasis of mouse Lewis lung carcinoma in mice at extremely low doses, 32-64 fold lower than their minimum effective dose (MED) against the primary tumor growth. Capecitabine was even more antimetastatic than 5'-dFUrd. These results indicate that dapecitabine has high therapeutic potential.

著者

Ai Yanai Masatoshi Itoh Hisashi Hirakawa Kazuhiko Yanai Manabu Tashiro Ryuichi Harada Akira Yoshikawa Seiichi Yamamoto Noriaki Ohuchi Takanori Ishida

出版者

Tohoku University Medical Press

雑誌

The Tohoku Journal of Experimental Medicine (ISSN:00408727)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.245, no.1, pp.13-19, 2018 (Released:2018-05-03)

参考文献数

22

被引用文献数

6

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Positron emission mammography (PEM) has higher detection sensitivity for breast cancer compared with whole-body positron emission tomography (PET) due to higher spatial resolution. We have developed a new PEM device with high resolution over a wide field of view. This PEM device comprises novel scintillation crystals, praseodymium-doped lutetium aluminum garnet (Pr:LuAG). In the present study, the clinical use of the newly developed PEM for the detection of small breast cancer was compared with that of the conventional PET-computed tomography (PET/CT). Eighty-two patients with breast cancer less than 20 mm (UICC T1) participated in this study, including 23 patients with T1a or T1b breast cancer (less than 10 mm). Histologically-proved lesions were examined by PET/CT and PEM on the same day after injection of [18F]fluoro-2-deoxy-2-fluoro-D-glucose ([18F]FDG), a marker of glycolytic activity. The newly developed PEM showed better sensitivity of cancer detection compared with PET/CT especially in case of the small T1a or T1b lesions. Moreover, when the conventional PET/CT and new PEM were combined, the detection sensitivity with [18F]FDG molecular imaging for T1 (N = 82) and T1a plus T1b breast cancer (N = 23) were 90% and 70%, respectively. The uptake of [18F]FDG was proportional to the histological malignancy of breast cancer. Using the newly-developed PEM with [18F]FDG, we are able to identify and characterize exactly the small breast tumors less than 10 mm in combination with the conventional PET/CT. These data indicate that PEM and PET/CT are synergic and complementary for the detection of small breast cancer.

著者

山本 文枝 西 まゆみ 藤沢 敏幸 船津 守久 Fumie Yamamoto Mayumi Nishi Toshiyuki Fujisawa Morihisa Funatsu

出版者

安田女子大学大学院

雑誌

安田女子大学大学院紀要 = The journal of the Graduate School, Yasuda Women's University (ISSN:24323772)

巻号頁・発行日

no.23, pp.127-140, 2018-03-31

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大学など高等教育機関で発達障がいの学生は増加しており,中でも自閉症スペクトラムに代表される社会性の発達障がいが問題となっている。しかし学業面で問題がない学生は,学生相談等の支援につながりにくい。よって,大学教育で自閉症スペクトラムの大学生の存在に配慮した社会性やコミュニケーション能力の育成を目的とするカリキュラムの開発を検討する。その基礎資料を得るため本研究では,大学教員を対象に配慮や支援が必要な大学生に対する意識と取り組みについて調査を行った。その結果,発達障がいの知識の中でも自閉症スペクトラムの知識をあまり持たない教員が多かった。また自閉症スペクトラムの知識の程度によって,支援が必要な学生の存在への気づきや支援の取り組み状況に違いがみられた。学生の支援を進めていく上で,大学教員の発達障がいの学生に関する知識及び支援に関する情報提供が重要であることが示唆された。

著者

Sulfikar Ryo Honda Mana Noguchi Ryoko Yamamoto-Ikemoto Toru Watanabe

出版者

Japan Society on Water Environment

雑誌

Journal of Water and Environment Technology (ISSN:13482165)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.16, no.2, pp.94-105, 2018 (Released:2018-04-10)

参考文献数

51

被引用文献数

16

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The influent of municipal wastewater treatment plants (WWTP) can contain micropollutants such as antibiotics, chlorine, detergents, and biocides. In vitro studies have shown that these micropollutants may induce antibiotic resistance in bacteria. Previous studies have reported increases or decreases of antibiotic-resistant bacteria between the influent and effluent of WWTP in an unpredictable manner. Thus, the triggers of resistance induction in WWTP are largely unknown. To investigate the effects of unit operations in WWTP on antibiotic resistance induction, we incubated sixteen strains of Escherichia coli susceptible to amoxicillin or norfloxacin under simulated conditions of the primary sedimentation tank, aeration tank and final sedimentation tank in sterilized and filtered wastewater from each tank at 25°C for 1, 6 and 2 hours, respectively, which are typical hydraulic retention time of each tank. The minimum inhibition concentration towards amoxicillin or norfloxacin was compared before and after incubation to evaluate the occurrence of induction. We found that resistance to both antibiotics was more likely to increase in the aeration tank than in the primary sedimentation tank or final sedimentation tank. The longer contact time with the wastewater and the aeration are factors that appeared to induce antibiotic resistance in an activated sludge process.

著者

Izumi Tsukayama Keisuke Toda Yasunori Takeda Takuto Mega Mitsuki Tanaka Yuki Kawakami Yoshitaka Takahashi Masumi Kimoto Kei Yamamoto Yoshimi Miki Makoto Murakami Toshiko Suzuki-Yamamoto

出版者

SOCIETY FOR FREE RADICAL RESEARCH JAPAN

雑誌

Journal of Clinical Biochemistry and Nutrition (ISSN:09120009)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.62, no.2, pp.139-147, 2018 (Released:2018-03-01)

参考文献数

41

被引用文献数

7

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Hyperproduced prostaglandin E2 by cyclooxygenase-2 and microsomal prostaglandin E synthase-1 evokes several pathophysiological responses such as inflammation and carcinogenesis. Our recent study demonstrated that Dioscorea japonica extract suppressed the expression of cyclooxygenase-2 and microsomal prostaglandin E synthase-1 and induced apoptosis in lung carcinoma A549 cells. In the present study, we investigated the effects of Dioscorea japonica on squamous cell carcinoma of mouse skin. Dioscorea japonica feeding and Dioscorea japonica extract topical application suppressed the expression of cyclooxygenase-2, microsomal prostaglandin E synthase-1, interleukin-1β and interleukin-6 and inhibited tumor formation, hyperplasia and inflammatory cell infiltration. Immunohistochemical analyses showed the immunoreactivities of cyclooxygenase-2 and microsomal prostaglandin E synthase-1 in tumor keratinocytes and stronger immunoreactivities of cyclooxygenase-2 and hematopoietic prostaglandin D synthase in epidermal dendritic cells (Langerhans cells). Treatment with Dioscorea japonica decreased the immunoreactivity of cyclooxygenase-2 and microsomal prostaglandin E synthase-1. These results indicate that Dioscorea japonica may have inhibitory effects on inflammation and carcinogenesis via suppression of the prostaglandin E2 synthetic pathway.

著者

Yuhei YAMAMOTO Hirohiko ISHIKAWA Yuichiro OKU Zeyong HU

出版者

Meteorological Society of Japan

雑誌

気象集誌. 第2輯 (ISSN:00261165)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.96B, pp.59-76, 2018 (Released:2018-03-16)

参考文献数

53

被引用文献数

28

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This paper presents a method for estimating the land surface temperature (LST) from Himawari-8 data. The Advanced Himawari Imager onboard Himawari-8 has three thermal infrared bands in the spectral range of 10-12.5 μm. We developed a nonlinear three-band algorithm (NTB) that makes the best use of these bands to estimate the LST. The formula of the algorithm includes 10 coefficients. The optimum values of these coefficients were derived using a statistical regression method from the simulated data, as obtained by a radiative transfer model. The simulated data sets correspond to a variety of values of LST, as well as surface emissivity, type and season of temperature and water vapor profiles. Viewing zenith angles (VZAs) from 0° to 60° were considered. For the coefficients obtained in this way, we verified the root-mean-square error (RMSE) in terms of the VZA, LST and precipitable water dependence. We showed that the NTB can accurately estimate the LST with an RMSE less than 0.9 K compared with the nonlinear split-window algorithm developed by Sobrino and Romaguera (2004). Moreover, we evaluated the sensitivities of the LST algorithms to the uncertainties in input data by using the dataset independent of the dataset used to obtain coefficients. Consequently, we showed that the NTB has the highest robustness against the uncertainties in input data. Finally, the stepwise LST retrieval method was constructed. This method includes a simple cloud mask procedure and the land surface emissivity estimation. The LST product was evaluated using in-situ data over the Tibetan Plateau, and the validity was confirmed.

著者

Yuhei YAMAMOTO Hirohiko ISHIKAWA

出版者

Meteorological Society of Japan

雑誌

気象集誌. 第2輯 (ISSN:00261165)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.96B, pp.43-58, 2018 (Released:2018-03-16)

参考文献数

32

被引用文献数

20

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Land surface emissivity (LSE) in the thermal infrared (TIR) is an essential parameter in the retrieving land surface temperature (LST) from space. This paper describes the LSE maps in three TIR bands (centered at 10.4, 11.2 and 12.4 μm) used for retrieving the LST from Himawari-8. Himawari-8, a next-generation geostationary satellite has high spatial and temporal resolutions compared to previous geostationary satellites. Because of these improvements, the Himawari-8 LST product is expected to contribute to the observation of small-scale environments in high-frequency. In this study, the LSE is estimated by a semi-empirical method, which is a combination of the classification based method and the normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) thresholds method. The land cover classification information is taken from the Global Land Cover by National Mapping Organizations version3 (GLCNMO 2013). Material emissivities of soil, vegetation and others are taken from the MODIS UCSB emissivity library and the ASTER spectral library. This method basically follows the semi-empirical methods developed by the previous studies, but advanced considerations are added. These considerations are the phenology of vegetation, flooding of paddy fields, snow/ice coverage, and internal reflections (cavity effect) in urban areas. The average cavity effect on LSE in urban canopies is approximately 0.01, but it reaches 0.02 in built-up areas. The sensitivity analysis shows that the total LSE errors for the three bands are less than 0.02. The LSE estimation is especially stable at the vegetation area, where the error is less than 0.01.

著者

Masashi Yamamoto Yuta Natori Kei Kawai

出版者

The Japanese Society for Horticultural Science

雑誌

The Horticulture Journal (ISSN:21890102)

巻号頁・発行日

pp.OKD-162, (Released:2018-03-13)

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An investigation of local citrus genetic resources grown on the Chuuk Islands of the Federated States of Micronesia was conducted in August 2013. A total of 21 accessions were examined. According to the morphological traits, ten, four, four, two, and one accession resembled lime (local name “Nayimis”), sour orange (“Kurukur”), calamondin (“Tangerin” and “Gunkan”), sweet orange (“Kurukur” and “American Kurukur”), and pummelo (“Kurukur”), respectively. Next, cleaved amplified polymorphic sequence (CAPS) analysis was conducted. Then, precise accession identification was made based on the results of CAPS analysis in conjunction with morphological traits. “Nayimis” accessions were classified into at least two types. Genotypes of “Nayimis” type 1 were identical to those of Mexican lime. A genetic influence from mandarin was detected in “Nayimis” type 2. Although the morphological traits of all “Kurukur” sour orange types were similar, their diversity was revealed by CAPS analysis. The genotype of one “Kurukur” accession was identical to that of sour orange. Genotypes of the sweet orange-type “Kurukur” and “American Kurukur” were different. The types of “American Kurukur” and sweet orange were the same. Pummelo-type “Kurukur” was considered to be true pummelo based on the results of morphological and molecular markers. Morphologically, the calamondin-like accessions “Tangerin” and “Gunkan” showed the same genotype combinations on CAPS analysis. These genotypes were identical to those of calamondin used as a control. The combined results of morphological and molecular markers offer valuable information for the identification of citrus genetic resources on the Chuuk Islands.

著者

山本 久義 Hisayoshi YAMAMOTO 奈良県立商科大学

雑誌

奈良県立商科大学研究季報 = NARA UNIVERSITY OF COMMERCE KENKYUKIHO (ISSN:09159371)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.1, pp.13-22, 1990-12-10

著者

本多 マークアントニー 泉 政文 山本 忠宏 大塚 英志 橋本 英治 Mark Anthony HONDA Masafumi IZUMI Tadahiro YAMAMOTO Eiji OHTSUKA Eiji HASHIMOTO

出版者

神戸芸術工科大学

雑誌

芸術工学2013

巻号頁・発行日

2013-11-25

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WEB表現へのまんがの適応について、その方向性として、①縦及び横の「スクロール形式 」、②「見開き」に基づくまんがの文法を解体し、一頁単位の表示に基づく文法にシフトした形式 、③静止画のスライドショー形式、の3つが仮説としてたてられ、今回の共同研究では、①のうち「縦スクロール形式」と③の「スライドショー形式」について、そこで採用されるべき文法を仮定し、それに基づき実験作品を制作した。縦スクロール形式においては日本まんが表現の「映画的手法」をいかに導入するかに研究の主眼を置いた。その結果、アイレベルを基準とし、それに続くコマでのアングルの極端な切り換え、コマの縦幅の極端な変化における「尺」(時間)の表現などの、紙媒体で成立した手法の中心的な部分が、WEBへの置き換えが可能であることが確認された。その結果、「横スクロール形式」よりも「縦スクロール形式」の方が映画的手法の移植に向いているという仮説が新たに得られた。また「横スクロール」においては、画面の天地ほぼ中央に視線誘導の基準となる中心線を置くことで視覚の流動性を確保したが、「縦スクロール」では画面を二分割して構図を構成することで画面の左右中央に基準線が存在するのに近い印象を与えることができた。Based on the hypothesis that there are three major directions taken by modes of adaptation of web expression to manga, namely, 1) Forms that adopt vertical or horizontal scrolling; 2) Forms that dismantle the conventional manga grammar based on the double-page spread, and shift to a grammar based on the single-page display; and 3) Forms involving slide shows of still images, this joint study looked at vertical scrolling among the forms under category 1), and also 3), the slide show format, hypothesizing the kind of grammar suitable for these forms, and creating experimental works based on the hypothesized grammar. Research on vertical scrolling webcomics focused on how the movie-style techniques of Japanese manga were incorporated. The research showed that the main movie-style techniques realized in print—such as starting from normal eye level and then abruptly changing the angle in the subsequent panel, or radically altering the height of the panel to represent length of time—could be successfully transferred to the web. Another outcome of the research was the new hypothesis that vertical scrolling is better-suited to the transplantation of movie-style techniques than horizontal scrolling. It was also found that in horizontal scrolling, smooth eye movement for the reader could be retained by placing a central line, which serves as a reference for guiding the eye, roughly at the mid height of the screen, whereas in vertical scrolling, partitioning the screen into two halves to create the composition achieved an impression similar to having a reference line dividing the width of the screen.

著者

TAKEDA Hiroshi YAMAMOTO Yutaka

出版者

Atomic Energy Society of Japan

雑誌

Journal of Nuclear Science and Technology (ISSN:00223131)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.13, no.7, pp.372-381, 1976

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For analyzing the mixing of particles in a spouted bed, a model is proposed, which assumes that : (a) the spouted bed consists of a spout part characterized by perfect mixing and an annulus part occupied by piston flow, (b) the ingress of particles from annulus into spout takes place within a zone below a depth h below the top of the annulus, and (c) the rate of ingress of particles into the spout is constant throughout the bed. <BR>The time-dependence of the concentration <I>C</I>*(<I>t</I>) of marked particles within the spout can be calculated with this model assuming suitable values for unmeasurable parameters. <BR>The value of <I>C</I>*(<I>t</I>) was measured from mixing experiments undertaken using alumina particles, to which a small batch of marked alumina particles was dropped transiently onto the bed in stable operation. <BR>Comparing the experimental data with the calculated results, it was found that : (a) the mixing of particles in the bed can be satisfactorily described with this model, pro-vided that a suitable correction is added to the quantity of particles present in the spout to account for the existence of mixing in the annulus, whereas the model assumed piston flow ; (b) the upper edge of the ingress zone of particles from the spout into the annulus is located in the conical part of the bed. Increasing the flow rate of spouting air short-ened the cycle time of particles, while the mixing rate within one cycle was not affected to any significant extent by changes in flow rate.

著者

Yamamoto Keiji

出版者

社団法人応用物理学会

雑誌

Japanese journal of applied physics. Pt. 1, Regular papers & short notes (ISSN:00214922)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.34, no.4, pp.2043-2048, 1995-04-15

参考文献数

10

被引用文献数

1

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A mechanical stress simulator for surface-mount devices was developed, which employed the finite-element method. The moisture distribution stage can calculate the moisture distribution of the LSI package exposed to temperature and humidity conditions. The heat conduction stage determines the time-dependent temperature distribution of the package immersed in a solder bath. Using the moisture and temperature distributions thus calculated, the mechanical stress stage gives the mechanical stress distribution in the package. Two groups of samples were prepared for solder dipping experiments. In one group, after dry baking for initialization, samples absorbed moisture by exposure at 30&deg;C 85% (absorption process). In the other group, samples were exposed at 85&deg;C 85% for 168 h and then dry-baked at 70&deg;C (desorption process). These two groups have different moisture distributions in their packages. The results of solder dipping experiments are analyzed from the calculated mechanical stress values. In the absorption process, calculated maximum von Mises equivalent stress over the sectional molding compound $\bar{\sigma}_{\rm max}$ increases monotonically with absorption time. Then, $\bar{\sigma}_{\rm max}$ approaches its saturated value as absorption time tends to infinity. In the desorption process, $\bar{\sigma}_{\rm max}$ decreases with desorption time and approaches the thermal stress value when desorption time tends to infinity. These calculations explain the effect of moisture distribution on package cracking.

著者

Hiroshi ASHIGAI Yuta KOMANO Guanying WANG Yasuji KAWACHI Kazuko SUNAGA Reiko YAMAMOTO Ryoji TAKATA Mika MIYAKE Takaaki YANAI

出版者

BMFH Press

雑誌

Bioscience of Microbiota, Food and Health (ISSN:21863342)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.37, no.1, pp.19-24, 2018 (Released:2018-01-27)

参考文献数

25

被引用文献数

10

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Atopic dermatitis (AD) is a chronic inflammatory skin disease that causes dry skin and functional disruption of the skin barrier. AD is often accompanied by allergic inflammation. AD patient suffer from heavy itching, and their quality of life is severely affected. Some pharmaceuticals for AD have some side effects such as skin atrophy. So it is necessary to develop mild solutions such as food ingredients without side effects. There are various causes of AD. It is especially induced by immunological imbalances such as IFN-γ reduction. IFN-γ has an important role in regulating IgE, which can cause an allergy reaction. NC/Nga mice develop AD and IgE hyperproduction. In a previous study, we revealed that administration of polysaccharide from black currant (R. nigrum) has an effect on immunomodulation. It induces IFN-γ production from myeloid dendritic cells. We named this polysaccharide cassis polysaccharide (CAPS). In this report, we studied the effect of administering CAPS on atopic dermatitis in NC/Nga mice. Thirty NC/Nga mice that developed symptoms of atopic dermatitis were used. We divided them into three groups (control, CAPS administration 12 mg/kg/day, CAPS administration 60 mg/kg/day). For 4 weeks, we evaluated clinical score, serum IgE levels, gene expression of spleen, and skin pathology. We revealed that CAPS administration improves atopic dermatitis symptoms. We also found that CAPS administration suppresses IgE hyperproduction and induces IFN-γ gene transcription in the spleen. Finally, we confirmed that CAPS administration suppresses mast cell migration to epidermal skin. These results indicated that CAPS has an effect on AD.