著者
三王 昌代
出版者
東洋文庫
雑誌
東洋学報 = The Toyo Gakuho (ISSN:03869067)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.91, no.1, pp.104-130, 2009-06

According to such Chinese sources as Da Ming Shi Lu and Da Qing Li Chao Shi Lu, several diplomatic missions were sent from Sulu to China during the years 1417-24 and 1726-63, during the Ming and the Qing Periods respectively. The present article deals with a Malay document written in Arabic script, called Jawi, which consists of a diplomatic message dispatched by Sultan Muhammad Azim al-Din of the Sulu Sultanate to China in the ninth month of the hijra year 1198 (1784 AD), some twenty years after the aforementioned missions. This diplomatic message was submitted to Emperor Qianlong through the hands of many officials, including the tongzhi 同知 of Xiamen (Amoy), the xunfu 巡撫 of Fujian, and the zongdu 総督 of Fujian and Zhejiang.After describing the circumstances that led to an exchange of documents between Sulu and China, the author deciphers this Jawi document and conducts a detailed analysis of its contents, including a comparison with a public letter addressed to Sulu in 1782 and with the Chinese translation of the document, which was included in a Qing official’s memorial to Emperor Qianlong in 1784.The results of the comparison show that both countries shared a common view of a villain who, engaged in foreign trade, and embezzled the takings, and of the quantity of silver and other merchandise that must be returned to Sulu. On the other hand, there are differences in expression or in recognition as to whether the Emperor’s instructions had been widely transmitted throughout the Sulu Sultanate. Moreover, the honorific expression for the Sultan himself in the opening sentence of the original was replaced in the corresponding part of the translation by some words that express deference to the Chinese Emperor. Also added is a tribute of respect and gratitude to the Emperor, which was nonexistent in the original. It may be reasonably concluded that the translation was not so much a literal rendering of the original as something close to the expressions in the 1782 public letter addressed to Sulu.Although Jawi documents in general have rarely been used in historical study, this particular source seems to be of great value in understanding diplomatic as well as economic relations between the two countries.
著者
藤田 久一
出版者
関西大学法学会
雑誌
關西大學法學論集 (ISSN:0437648X)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.36, no.3-5, pp.481-520, 1986-12-10

本浪章市教授還暦記念論文集
著者
三津木春影 著
出版者
中興館
巻号頁・発行日
vol.3編, 1915
著者
亀山 元帥
出版者
日本医科大学医学会
雑誌
日本医科大学雑誌 (ISSN:00480444)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.63, no.2, pp.127-139, 1996-04-15 (Released:2010-03-01)
参考文献数
45
被引用文献数
1 1

Locus control region (LCR) is known to occur 5′-upstream of the globin gene clusters in humans and a number of other animals. It comprises four DNase I hypersensitive sites, HS 1-4, and has been considered to play a key role in regulating the globin gene expression in tissue- and developmental stage-specific manners. The occurrence of LCR in the rat genome, however, has not been documented so far. In the present study, the author intended to identify and analyze the rat β-LCR HS 1 and HS 2, in order to further facilitate studies on the regulatory mechanism involved in globin gene expression. The results obtained in this study are summerized as follows:1. A DNA region of about 700 bp on the rat genome was amplified by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) using synthetic primers derived from portions of the mouse β-LCR HS 2. The nucleotide sequence of the PCR product (R 700) shows 67% and 83% homologies with those of the human and mouse HS 2, respectively, indicating that R 700 represents β-LCR HS 2 of rats.2. In order to locate β-LCR HS 2 on the rat genome, a 7 kb DNA fragment (R 7, 000) harboring a region between β-LCR HS 2 and the ε 1-globin gene was obtained by PCR. Restriction endonuclease mapping of R 7, 000 revealed that the rat β-LCR HS 2 is located 6.0kb 5′-upstream relative to the cap site of the ε 1-globin gene.3. The rat β-LCR HS 1 was then located 4.2 kb 5′-upstream of the ε 1-globin gene by Southern blot hybridization of R 7, 000 using a human HS 1 probe. Nucleotide sequencing revealed that the rat HS 1 has 83% homology to the mouse HS 1.4. Comparisons of the structures of the rat β-LCR HS 1 and HS 2 with those of other animal species indicate that several motifs and consensus sequences for binding of transcription factors, such as NF-E 2/AP-1 and GATA-1, are well conserved during evolutional periods, indicating an indispensable role of LCR in globin gene expression
著者
馬場 久美子 松田 敬一
出版者
日本家畜臨床学会 ・ 大動物臨床研究会・九州沖縄産業動物臨床研究会
雑誌
産業動物臨床医学雑誌 (ISSN:1884684X)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.10, no.1, pp.17-21, 2019-04-30 (Released:2019-06-18)
参考文献数
11

本研究では黒毛和種牛における,分娩前の母牛の栄養状態と在胎日数の関連を調査するとともに,娩出された子牛の大きさと在胎日数の関係を調査した.2010 ~ 2011 年に分娩した母牛計55頭を供試牛とした.黒毛和種牛の妊娠期間を285 日とし,分娩予定日までに分娩した牛14 頭を対照群,予定日以降に分娩した牛41 頭を遅延群とした.分娩日および分娩予定日から分娩予定2 週間前の胸囲を差し引いて算出した値を胸囲変動としたところ,対照群の胸囲変動が0.36 ± 3.79 cm であったのに対し,遅延群は分娩予定日で−0.71 ± 3.29 cm,分娩日で−2.27 ± 4.00 cm であり,分娩日において遅延群で有意な減少を示した.子牛の性別,分娩季節,母牛の年齢等に差が認められなかったこと,分娩日までの胸囲変動は対照群と比較して有意に減少していたことから,分娩前の母牛の低栄養が分娩遅延に影響があることが示唆された.加えて分娩前の母牛の給与飼料内容が異なる2 農場を比較した.2 農場のうち,給餌飼料からの養分充足率が低い農場では,分娩日の胸囲変動が給餌飼料からの養分充足率が高い農場に対し有意な減少を示した.また,給餌飼料からの養分充足率が低い農場の在胎日数は給餌飼料栄養価の高い農場に対し,有意に長かった.以上から分娩前の母牛の低栄養が分娩遅延を引き起こす要因の1 つと考えられた.調査対象牛の出生子牛の頭囲および生時体重と在胎日数の関係を調査したところ,頭囲は在胎日数に相関して増加した一方,生時体重は在胎日数との相関が認められなかった.以上より妊娠末期の母牛を低栄養状態で飼養することは在胎日数の延長を招き,頭囲が大きい子牛を分娩することが示唆されたことから,分娩前の母牛に適正な飼養管理を行うことは,分娩遅延を予防し,その結果出生子牛の頭囲が大きくなることを防ぐ一助となると考えられた.
著者
脇 奈七
出版者
関西教育行政学会
雑誌
教育行財政研究 (ISSN:0386393X)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.36, pp.35-46, 2009-03-31 (Released:2022-05-09)

The purpose of this paper is to describe the relationships among actors in the field of educational administration in Japan. To do so, I examine the policy-making process in the system for designating teachers as“underperforming." Specifically, I scrutinize the period from the convening of the Special Council on Education in 1984, to the revision of the Teacher Licensing Law and Law for the Special Regulations Concerning Educational Public Service in 2007.The following 6 points are conspicuous:1. Radical policy proposals cause divisions between the actors, preventing the proposals from being realized.2. Local governments can effectuate systems more easily than the central government can.3. If the political actors in the central government want to establish a new policy, they would be better to seek the cooperation of the administrative actors.4. There are active relationships between the central government and the local governments and among the local government themselves.5. When trying to establish precedents, the central administrative actors work on the local governments in a roundabout way.6. To establish a policy, the central actors tend to get the actor of outside authority involved.With these 6 points as a framework, I consider the relationships between some of the actors who were involved in establishing a system for recognizing teachers “with insufficient teaching ability." Then I illustrate the relationship as a conclusion.
著者
川田 修平
雑誌
情報処理
巻号頁・発行日
vol.63, no.6, pp.e28-e34, 2022-05-15

人口減少や高齢化による地域経済縮小と,介護人材不足や空き家などのさまざまな社会問題が,地域の課題となっている.また多くの地域でコミュニティも弱体化しており,これから予見される様々な社会問題の受け皿も衰退の危機にある.本稿では,デジタル地域通貨を通じてこのような課題の解決を目指す取り組みを紹介するとともに、理解を深めるため、世界と日本の地域通貨の過去・現在・未来、決済システムの詳細についても解説する.
著者
Mari Narusaka Tomonori Shiraishi Masaki Iwabuchi Yoshihiro Narusaka
出版者
Japanese Society for Plant Biotechnology
雑誌
Plant Biotechnology (ISSN:13424580)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.27, no.4, pp.349-351, 2010-09-25 (Released:2010-09-25)
参考文献数
7
被引用文献数
24 47

The floral dip protocol mediated by Agrobacterium tumefaciens is the most widely used transformation method for Arabidopsis thaliana. The “floral dip” process in which A. thaliana flower buds are dipped in an Agrobacterium cell suspension requires large volumes of bacterial cultures grown in liquid media, large shakers and centrifuges, and experimental space for them. These factors limit the number of transformations that can occur at once. We established that A. thaliana can be transformed by inoculating 5 μl of Agrobacterium cell suspension in flower buds, thus avoiding the use of large volumes of Agrobacterium culture. Using this modified protocol, we obtained 15–50 transgenic plants per transformation from each pot containing 3 A. thaliana plants. The protocol is satisfactory to be used for subsequent analyses. This simplified method, without floral dipping, which requires large volumes of Agrobacterim culture, offers as efficient a transformation as previously reported protocols. This method reduces the required workload, cost, time, and space. Furthermore, an important aspect of this modified protocol is that it allows many independent transformations to be performed at once.
著者
扎西 才譲 Tsering Tashi
出版者
学習院大学東洋文化研究所
雑誌
東洋文化研究 = Journal of Asian cultures (ISSN:13449850)
巻号頁・発行日
no.13, pp.592-575, 2011-03-31

使役文可分力宜接干預型,同接干預型,非干預型三秤。本文岡述了日,藏培中的同接干預型使役文的吋恣。当“冠程性劫洞”充当使役文凋沼吋,爾和悟言都表示‘友生放任’和‘遊行放任’,后鎮“ておく/~‘xi zhak”吋則表示‘控制中的遊行放任’;当“瞬同性劫洞”充当型胃悟吋,后鎮“ておく/~‘ ?堰@zhak”オ能表示‘控制中的送行放任’。 安多藏濡中表示‘放任’的最典型的句型是“假定型使役文”,日梧中不存在逮科句型。当“Lt程性劫洞”充当“假定型使役文”凋活吋表示‘炭生放任’,如后躾“~‘xi zhak”表示‘控制中的送行放任’;“瞬1司性劫洞”充当潤培吋表示‘炭生放任’,如后鎮“~‘xi zhak”表示‘控制中的遊行放任’和‘控制中的結果鑑鍍放任’。
著者
川原 啓史 野田 尚昭 吉村 慎平 大田 健人
出版者
一般社団法人 日本機械学会
雑誌
M&M材料力学カンファレンス 2008 (ISSN:24242845)
巻号頁・発行日
pp._OS1422-1_-_OS1422-2_, 2008-09-16 (Released:2017-06-19)

自動車用ブレーキホースのかしめ構造の決定は,従来,試作品を実験で評価して行われているが,本研究では,耐久信頼性向上,開発効率向上のため,FEMで定量的に解析する手法を検討した.本稿では,ホースを構成するゴムにへたり(圧縮永久歪)が生じた場合の液漏れに影響するシール性能を考察し,これを基にホースの使用環境温度の違いによるホースの寿命推定を行った.これらの事から,ホースを構成するゴムにへたり(圧縮永久歪)が生じると,シール性能に大きな悪影響を及ぼすことを示した.さらに,寿命推定では,使用環境温度が高くなればなるほど寿命は短くなるということを示唆することができた.
著者
芦澤 一英
出版者
公益社団法人 日本薬学会
雑誌
MEDCHEM NEWS (ISSN:24328618)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.18, no.4, pp.20-23, 2008-11-01 (Released:2020-12-22)
参考文献数
3