1 0 0 0 OA 明治一四年

出版者
北海道大学
雑誌
北大百年史
巻号頁・発行日
vol.史料(一), pp.533-561, 1981-04-10
著者
藤田 次郎
出版者
公益社団法人 日本皮膚科学会
雑誌
日本皮膚科学会雑誌 (ISSN:0021499X)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.131, no.7, pp.1691-1699, 2021

<p>肺を病変の場とする非HIV患者の免疫再構築症候群について,特に呼吸器感染症に着目し,文献検索を実施した.該当したのは,31文献,47症例であった.病原体の内訳は,抗酸菌感染症26例,ヒストプラスマ症9例,アスペルギルス症5例,クリプトコッカス症5例,およびニューモシスチス肺炎2例であった.自験例を紹介するとともに,肺を病変の場とする非HIV免疫再構築症候群の病態,および治療方針について概説した.</p>
著者
三輪 宜一
出版者
一般社団法人 日本臨床薬理学会
雑誌
臨床薬理 (ISSN:03881601)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.52, no.3, pp.89-93, 2021

<p>In recent years, many excellent drugs with few side effects have been introduced into treatment and contribute to improving prognosis, but elderly people often have multiple diseases and take many drugs in combination. As a result, the existence of drug interactions has become more important as a risk factor for the occurrence of adverse drug reactions(ADRs). In Japan as well, the importance of drug interactions has been recognized since the Sorivudine incident in 1993, in which sorivudine, a therapeutic drug for herpes zoster, caused death due to serious myelosuppressive side effects when used in combination with 5-FU anticancer drugs, and cautions have been issued such as the revision of the description procedure in the package insert. In addition, efforts are being made by various parties concerned in the drug development process. In 2018, the Ministry of Health, Labor and Welfare issued the “Guideline on drug interaction for drug development and appropriate provision of information” regarding the method of examining drug interactions and the provision of information.</p><p>On the other hand, looking at the medical field, although some side effects of individual drugs and interactions between the two drugs are described in the package insert, it is impossible to grasp all of them. In addition, even if the drug therapy is recommended in the treatment guidelines for a certain disease, if the drug is complicated with another disease, the drug interaction with the recommended drug for those diseases may become a problem. A meta-analysis of prospective studies on the incidence of drug-induced ADRs in inpatients published by the United States in 1998 estimated that 106,000 people die annually from ADRs. Healthcare professionals are required to work harder than ever to prevent ADRs. Even now, medications are checked by pharmacists, but it is hard to say that they are fully prepared for drug interactions.</p><p>In this session, I would like to describe what can be done and what kind of knowledge should be learned to prevent serious drug interactions. Based on that, I would like to think about what points should be emphasized and dealt with in the actual medical field.</p>
著者
田中 聡 仲座 栄三 福森 匡泰 宮里 信寿 Carolyn SCHAAB
出版者
公益社団法人 土木学会
雑誌
土木学会論文集B2(海岸工学) (ISSN:18842399)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.77, no.1, pp.40-54, 2021
被引用文献数
2

<p> 水平床上に設置した直立護岸の越波流量特性が,規則波を対象として,CADMAS-SURFを用いた数値計算及び大型水理実験により明らかにされている.一様斜面上の護岸特性を明らかにする上でもそのベースとして水平床上の護岸越波特性の把握が重要となる.吉川らは水平床上の護岸越波流量の算定に定常流を対象とした堰の公式を導入し,1波当たりの越波流量算定式を与えた.これを基準として合田は,不規則波を対象として護岸上の越波流量算定図表を提示している.被災時の状況把握には,被災をもたらした1波当たりの最大越波流量の推定が求められる場合も多々あることから,規則波を用いた現象理解は重要となる.本論は,無次元越波流量が相対天端高によって系統的に整理できることを示した上で,反射率と越波流量とを同時生起現象として説明している.</p>
著者
張 学超 森 敬祐 真壁 朝敏 井上 晋一 安藤 新二
出版者
公益社団法人 日本材料学会
雑誌
材料 (ISSN:05145163)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.70, no.6, pp.473-478, 2021
被引用文献数
1

<p>Push-pull fatigue tests of rolled magnesium alloys AZ31 and AZX912 were performed with a side-notch plate specimen to examine the effect of a single overload on the crack growth behavior under a stress ratio of -1. The behavior in retardation of crack growth was unclear in the case of AZ31 because the crack growth rate was relatively higher at the overload point. However, this was observed clearly, when the branching of the crack tip happened in the case of AZX912. The geometry of the fracture surface and the changes in crack growth path were related to the crack growth behavior. The crack opening level became higher when the crack growth rate was lower. Therefore, the crack closure is related to the retardation of the crack growth rate. When the branching of a crack tip occurred, not only the residual compression stress at crack front but also the variation of local crack growth direction after overload affected the fatigue crack growth behavior. </p>
著者
上原 匡人 本永 文彦 太田 格 海老沢 明彦 宮岡 勇輝 立原 一憲
出版者
一般社団法人 日本魚類学会
雑誌
魚類学雑誌 (ISSN:00215090)
巻号頁・発行日
2021

<p>The Indian mackerel <i>Rastrelliger kanagurta</i> is an important coastal fishery resource for Okinawa Prefecture, southwestern Japan. However, much is still unknown about its life history. The early development, occurrence, sexual maturation, and reproductive cycle of the species was examined from specimens collected from the coastal waters of Okinawa Island, and management of the fishery evaluated. Larvae [3.4 mm notochord length–12.5 mm standard length (SL)] and juveniles (11.4–16.2 mm SL) of <i>R. kanagurta</i> were distinguished from other mackerel species by: 1) numbers of myomeres, 2) absence of spines on the preopercle posterior margins, 3) positional relationship between the upper and lower jaw tips, 4) melanophore pattern, and 5) distribution (allopatric). Both larvae and juveniles occurred in the offshore epipelagic zone of Nakagusuku Bay in May, June, and August, which coincided with the occurrence of high-gonadosomatic value adults in coastal waters. However, specimens were not encountered in extremely shallow coastal areas (e.g., tidal flats), although younger individuals may utilize such the offshore epipelagic zone of the bay, attaining fork lengths (FL) of ca. 8 cm. Individuals mature at ca. 26 cm FL, one year after hatching. <i>R. kanagurta</i> are primarily caught by set net fishery near Okinawa, small (immature) individuals accounting for > 45% of netted individuals in all months, except May and June, during the period from April 1985 to April 1987, and for > 35% of the examined individuals in all months, except June and July, between April 2011 and March 2016. These results for both periods suggest growth overfishing. Accordingly, immature individuals must be conserved to sustain the Okinawan population of <i>R. kanagurta</i>.</p>
著者
工藤 素 村田 健司 鎌田 悟 濱田 文男
出版者
一般社団法人 プラスチック成形加工学会
雑誌
成形加工 (ISSN:09154027)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.21, no.3, pp.153-160, 2009 (Released:2010-01-06)
参考文献数
14

In this paper, a new aerial shell made of biodegradable plastics was developed and explosion tests were carried out using 2.5-10 gou-size firework aerial shells at a ground test site in order to observe the fragmentation. The dispersed fragments were then collected and their size and distribution measured. In order to monitor the fragmentation visually, a high-speed camera was used to film the ignition of the bursting charge and the scattering of the shell fragments. The shell fragments became much smaller, because mechanical properties of biodegradable plastics that were added improved polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) and chaff powder (CP). Fibrillation was seen in PBS/PVA/CP, and it seemed effective for mechanical properties. As a result, safer aerial shells which disperse into smaller fragments on explosion were successfully developed.
著者
渡辺 正
出版者
公益社団法人 日本化学会
雑誌
化学と教育 (ISSN:03862151)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.44, no.9, pp.593-596, 1996-09-20 (Released:2017-07-11)
参考文献数
2

身近な現象にどれほどよく当てはまるか-そこに重きを置くならば, なぜか16個の元素をずらずら並べた例の「イオン化列」はまっさきに「不合格」の印を押すべき素材だろう。いかにも根拠はございますという顔つきながら, じつはあの「右へならえ」は, 理想化をとことん進めた極限, 仮想世界の中でしか成り立たないからだ。現実世界に合わせたければ, 元素の数はぐっと間引いて10個以内, できれば8個くらいにするのがまともな神経だといえる。そのへんを一緒に考えてみたい。