著者
笹淵 友一
出版者
東京女子大学
雑誌
東京女子大學論集 (ISSN:04934350)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.6, no.1, pp.1-44, 1955-12-20

a. The members of Bungakukai were, almost without an exception, influenced by the idea of enlightenment, longed for political liberty, and became interested in Western culture. Their longing for political liberty and interest in Western culture had certain Romantic characteristic, but, at the same time, had social, outgoing, frank, materialistic and positive characteristics. The Romanticism observed in Bungakukai seems to have set its position when characteristics turned to be individualistic, internal, secretive, highbrow and idealistic. This change was caused by social failure, the influence of Protestantism and Western literature, ane the investigation into Japanese classics. b. The Main Categories of the Romanticism of Bungakukai 1. Christian Romanticism The influence of Protestanticism made the individuals isolated, metaphysical, and idealistic, and together with Christian literature (for instance, that of Dante and Wordsworth), oriented the individuals to the metaphysical way of thinking. The thirst for elegance transcending all, which is traditional in Japanese literature, may also have contributed, to some extent, to this formation of Romanticism, Its dominant ideas were "idea of inner life", "Platonic love" and "sense of imprisonment". They honoured sublimity, elegance, purity, imagination and inspiration, and considered passion as something ideal. (Tokoku, Tenchi, and other members of Bungakukai in its early period are found in this category.) 2. Dionysiac Romanticism Influenced by Byron, Shelley, Burns, Rousseau, Renan etc., they tried to think that human nature is not constrained. They tended to affirm nature, and they were anti-Christian (or anti-Puritan). (Toson, Shukotsu, Kocho and Tokuboku are found in this category.) 3. Art for Art's Sake AEstheticism, They wanted to be liberated by the power of art from the sense of imprisonment. Those people were influenced by Pater, Keats, Rossetti and other Renaissance artists. (Bin and Tokuboku are found in this category.) The above three categories were the basic styles of Bungakukai, but there was also a gradual development from the first category to the second and the third. (In Toson, both the first and the second categories existed.) c. The Limitation of the Romanticism of Bungakukai The Romantic ideas of the members of Bungakukai are limited by various contradictory ideas, such as, positivism (Taine), naturalism (Zola), realism (Kipling) and the tradition of Japanese literature. The rektion with the tradition of Japanese literature is especially important. We should pay attention to the fact that lyricism, the traditional characteristic of Japanese literature, limited the Western influence on the Romanticism of Bungakukai, especially with regard to its aspiration and imagination. Lyricism in "waka", "haiku", "kanshi" and "joruri", on the one hand, had positive significance concerning the formation of the Romanticism of Bungakukai, but, on the other hand, had a corroding influence on its Western characteristics.
著者
山下孝二 編
出版者
山下孝二
巻号頁・発行日
1914
著者
廣田 充
出版者
日本森林学会
雑誌
森林科学 (ISSN:09171908)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.79, pp.38-39, 2017 (Released:2017-04-14)
参考文献数
3
著者
中尾 達馬 加藤 和生
出版者
九州大学大学院人間環境学研究院
雑誌
九州大学心理学研究 (ISSN:13453904)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.5, pp.19-27, 2004

This study examined reliabilities and validities of adult attachment style scales for "the generalized other" (ECR-GO, RQ-GO). 378 college students participated in Study 1, and 77 college female students participated in Study 2. In Study l, we examined (1) reliability of ECR-GO by a coefficients and factor comparison between ECR-GO and ECR, (2)validity of ECR-GO by correlations between ECR-GO and three scales theoretically related to Self- and Others- views (e.g., Self-esteem scale; Rosenberg, 1965), (3) whether the patterns of the distribution of 4 attachment styles classified by RQ-GO differ by the types of attachment figures rated for (ECR-GO, RQ-GO). In Study 2, we examined 1 month test-retest reliabilities of ECR-GO and RQ-GO: By examining (1) correlations between Time 1 and Time 2 (for both scales) , and (2) a cross table of 4 attachment styles classified by RQ-GO on the 2 times. The results of the two studies demonstrated that ECR-GO and RQ-GO have good psychometric properties in reliabilities and validities.
著者
高木 繁治 小畠 敬太郎 篠原 幸人
出版者
一般社団法人 日本脳卒中学会
雑誌
脳卒中 (ISSN:09120726)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.13, no.2, pp.93-98, 1991-04-25 (Released:2009-09-03)
参考文献数
9
被引用文献数
1

133Xe吸入による非侵襲的脳血流測定法では上気道内に分布する133Xeによるartifact (APA) の影響が大きく, Fourier法はこのAPAの影響を除去できる計算法とされている.正常人および各種神経疾患患者11例から得られた頭部133Xe減衰曲線から従来のObrist法 (VM法) とFourier法で脳血流を計算し比較した.脳半球平均灰白質血流量F1はVM法では69.2±13.2ml/100gbrain/min (mean±S.D.), Fourier法では64.4±13.5であり, この差はFourier法によってAPAが除去されるためと考えられた.しかし前頭部, 側頭部などでは, 副鼻腔等に停滞した133Xeによる, 呼吸気中の133Xe濃度曲線とは異なる形のartifactの影響を受け, その影響はFourier法を単に使用するのみでは除去できないと考えられた.以上よりFourier法においても減衰曲線の形, APAの大きさに注意し, とくにAPAの大きさが30以上の部位からの成績は検討から除外することがのぞましいと考えた.
出版者
日経BP社
雑誌
日経コミュニケーション (ISSN:09107215)
巻号頁・発行日
no.455, pp.120-123, 2006-02-01

サッポロビールは2006年3月,外線電話のほぼ全回線を日本テレコムの新型固定電話「おとくライン」に切り替える。同時に,内線電話網のフルIP化も進行中。外線電話料金や機器管理コストを削減する。さらにFOMA/無線LANデュアル端末の導入で,携帯電話通話料の削減も狙う。 「黒ラベル」や高級ビールとして有名な「ヱビスビール」で知られるサッポロビール。
著者
鳥丸 佐知子
出版者
京都文教短期大学
雑誌
京都文教短期大学研究紀要 (ISSN:03895467)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.55, pp.39-48, 2017-03-01

本論は学生が考える「乳児」「幼児」イメージが、保育士養成のための関連授業を受講することでどう変化するのかを調査したものである。入学直後とすべての実習が終了した1 年半後を比較した結果、基礎知識の増加のみでなく、乳児は保育や援助が必要な存在であること、幼児は自分でできることが増え、友だちと遊ぶことができるなど、社会性の発達が見られるなど、具体的イメージが絞られてくることが明らかになった。
著者
李 暁赫 杉山 央 小野 克也 藤本 郷史
出版者
日本建築学会
雑誌
日本建築学会構造系論文集 (ISSN:13404202)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.79, no.703, pp.1215-1225, 2014-09-30 (Released:2014-09-30)
参考文献数
18
被引用文献数
3

Curing condition of concrete in early ages has a significant influence on the durability of reinforced concrete structures. The influence of curing condition in early ages on the carbonation of concrete was studied in this paper. Following results were obtained; 1) The accelerated carbonation depth of concrete depends on the strength at the age of 28 days. 2) Evaporation rate is a useful indicator of earlyage curing with respect to concrete carbonation.