著者
山西 博幸 木塚 綾 大峯 貴裕 高致晟 長濱 祐美
出版者
公益社団法人 土木学会
雑誌
土木学会論文集G(環境) (ISSN:21856648)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.71, no.7, pp.III_221-III_228, 2015 (Released:2016-06-01)
参考文献数
12
被引用文献数
1 1

大きな干満を有する有明海に面した六角川水系では,粘着性を有する微細粒子からなるガタ土堆積及びヨシを主体とした植生管理に苦慮している.これらは河道断面の狭小化や流水能の低下を引き起こし,常に河川管理者の課題となっている.また,近年,河川由来の浮遊ゴミとしてのヨシ流出も問題化している. 本研究は,六角川水系牛津川の感潮区間にヨシ植生管理のための貯水トレンチを考案・設置し,長期にわたる調査を通して,その効果を明らかにした.その結果,植生管理としてのトレンチの有効性を示すとともに,貯水トレンチの水位を0.3m以上維持することでヨシ発芽抑制が可能であること,遮蔽板の地上部突起により高濃度の浮泥流入が抑制されること,および貯留水の排出が河川本川に与える影響はほとんどないことなどを示した.
著者
Junichiro Irie Emi Inagaki Masataka Fujita Hideaki Nakaya Masanori Mitsuishi Shintaro Yamaguchi Kazuya Yamashita Shuhei Shigaki Takashi Ono Hideo Yukioka Hideyuki Okano Yo-ichi Nabeshima Shin-ichiro Imai Masato Yasui Kazuo Tsubota Hiroshi Itoh
出版者
The Japan Endocrine Society
雑誌
Endocrine Journal (ISSN:09188959)
巻号頁・発行日
pp.EJ19-0313, (Released:2019-11-02)
被引用文献数
8 115

Recent studies have revealed that decline in cellular nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD+) levels causes aging-related disorders and therapeutic approaches increasing cellular NAD+ prevent these disorders in animal models. The administration of nicotinamide mononucleotide (NMN) has been shown to mitigate aging-related dysfunctions. However, the safety of NMN in humans have remained unclear. We, therefore, conducted a clinical trial to investigate the safety of single NMN administration in 10 healthy men. A single-arm non-randomized intervention was conducted by single oral administration of 100, 250, and 500 mg NMN. Clinical findings and parameters, and the pharmacokinetics of NMN metabolites were investigated for 5 h after each intervention. Ophthalmic examination and sleep quality assessment were also conducted before and after the intervention. The single oral administrations of NMN did not cause any significant clinical symptoms or changes in heart rate, blood pressure, oxygen saturation, and body temperature. Laboratory analysis results did not show significant changes, except for increases in serum bilirubin levels and decreases in serum creatinine, chloride, and blood glucose levels within the normal ranges, independent of the dose of NMN. Results of ophthalmic examination and sleep quality score showed no differences before and after the intervention. Plasma concentrations of N-methyl-2-pyridone-5-carboxamide and N-methyl-4-pyridone-5-carboxamide were significantly increased dose-dependently by NMN administration. The single oral administration of NMN was safe and effectively metabolized in healthy men without causing any significant deleterious effects. Thus, the oral administration of NMN was found to be feasible, implicating a potential therapeutic strategy to mitigate aging-related disorders in humans.
著者
西城 浩志
出版者
社団法人 日本写真学会
雑誌
日本写真学会誌 (ISSN:03695662)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.83, no.3, pp.234-243, 2020 (Released:2021-11-02)
参考文献数
13

わが国の鉄道建設は主に英国人技術者に依ったため,鉄道開業前後から数年間については,書誌記録はあっても具体的な イメージを与える画像史料はほとんどない.レールから車両まですべてを輸入したが,どこでどのようにして組み立てたか,線路工事はどのようにしたのか,駅舎の内部や乗客がたどる経路,列車編成と両数,列車運行,貨物列車は,などなど,ほとんど判っていない. 当時の貴重な画像ニュースである錦絵は,眼前の現実を正確に描くが,未来については想像が強く,絵の信頼性を損なう. 当時の写真は外国人向けの土産品であり,購入者にとって珍しい風物や習俗を写しており,母国のそれのコピーに過ぎない鉄道などは,注目されない.そのような中で,技術者の業績記録のために,あるいは彼らの間の情報共有を目的として残された写真と,一般向けの風景写真に写り込んだ鉄道施設を詳細に読み解き,書誌記録と照合することで,鉄道黎明期を明らかにする.
著者
荒木 葉子
出版者
一般社団法人 日本調理科学会
雑誌
日本調理科学会誌 (ISSN:13411535)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.34, no.3, pp.308-312, 2001-08-20 (Released:2013-04-26)
参考文献数
10

We determined the residual surfactants, major components of kitchen detergents, on washed tableware by a simple and rapid method to demonstrate the suitability of this experiment as instructional material for home economics in high-school education.The residual surfactants were determined by the Ethyl Violet method with a simple, portable spectrophotometer.Among the six pieces of tableware analyzed, which were respectively made of porcelain, clay, polypropylene, lacquer, wood and plastic, the largest amount of detergents residue remained on the wooden cutting board.The detergent concentration varied with the washing condition in respect of the dilution of the detergent, temperature of water for rinsing, and flow of water.
著者
飯村 康二
出版者
一般社団法人 日本土壌肥料学会
雑誌
日本土壌肥料学雑誌 (ISSN:00290610)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.76, no.2, pp.199-200, 2005-04-05 (Released:2017-06-28)
参考文献数
12
被引用文献数
5

1)水田においてリン酸肥料の肥効が低く,無リン酸区の水稲の,標準施肥区のそれに対する収量比が畑作物のそれに比べて高いことは,湛水・還元下の,また中性〜弱アルカリ性反応下の水田表層において,炭酸鉄(II)(シデライト)が生成・沈殿して鉄(II)イオンが反応系から除去されることに起因する,リン酸の溶解度上昇によるものであると考えられる.2)湛水・還元下で生成するリン酸鉄(II)(藍鉄鉱)そのものの溶解度上昇は,pHの約5以下への低下に伴って起きる上昇で,水稲生育条件下,約5以上のpHでは藍鉄鉱の溶解度は最低となる.3)炭酸鉄(II)の生成・沈殿の結果,無リン酸栽培下の土壌からの水稲へのリン酸供給量が,畑作物への供給にくらべて著しく高くなるとともに,落水後も還元状態に保たれる湿田土壌中の,20〜30cmの深さの部位に炭酸鉄(II)(シデライト)の結核がみられるようになった.また二酸化炭素供給の少ない,おもに1m以深の土層中に藍鉄鉱の斑紋・結核がみられることがあるようになったと考えられる.
著者
鈴木 越治 小松 裕和 頼藤 貴志 山本 英二 土居 弘幸 津田 敏秀
出版者
一般社団法人日本衛生学会
雑誌
日本衛生学雑誌 (ISSN:00215082)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.64, no.4, pp.796-805, 2009 (Released:2009-10-02)
参考文献数
56
被引用文献数
3 3

Confounding is frequently a primary concern in epidemiological studies. With the increasing complexity of hypothesized relationships among exposures, outcomes, and covariates, it becomes very difficult to present these hypotheses lucidly and comprehensively. Graphical models are of great benefit in this regard. In this article, we focuse on directed acyclic graphs (DAGs), and review their value for confounder selection, categorization of potential biases, and hypothesis specification. We also discuss the importance of considering causal structures before selecting the covariates to be included in a statistical model and the potential biases introduced by inappropriately adjusting statistical models for covariates. DAGs are nonparametric and qualitative tools for visualizing research hypotheses regarding an exposure, an outcome, and covariates. Causal structures represented in DAGs will rarely be perfectly “correct” owing to the uncertainty about the underlying causal relationships. Nevertheless, to the extent that using DAGs forces greater clarity about causal assumptions, we are able to consider key sources of bias and uncertainty when interpreting study results. In summary, in this article, we review the following three points. (1) Although researchers have not adopted a consistent definition of confounders, using DAGs and the rules of d-separation we are able to identify clearly which variables we must condition on or adjust for in order to test a causal hypothesis under a set of causal assumptions. (2) We also show that DAGs should accurately correspond to research hypotheses of interest. To obtain a valid causal interpretation, research hypotheses should be defined explicitly from the perspective of a counterfactual model before drawing DAGs. A proper interpretation of the coefficients of a statistical model for addressing a specific research hypothesis relies on an accurate specification of a causal DAG reflecting the underlying causal structure. Unless DAGs correspond to research hypotheses, we cannot reliably reach proper conclusions testing the research hypotheses. Finally, (3) we have briefly reviewed other approaches to causal inference, and illustrate how these models are connected.
著者
Shinichi Matsuzaki Hiroyuki Kamiya Ichiro Inoshima Yasutaka Hirasawa Osamu Tago Masashi Arai
出版者
The Japanese Society of Internal Medicine
雑誌
Internal Medicine (ISSN:09182918)
巻号頁・発行日
pp.8310-21, (Released:2021-10-26)
参考文献数
29
被引用文献数
12

A 65-year-old man experienced cough and shortness of breath 3 days after receiving the first dose of the Pfizer-BioNTech coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) vaccine. Chest X-ray revealed bilateral infiltrates, and the desaturation deteriorated rapidly. The symptoms and radiographic abnormalities rapidly improved after the initiation of corticosteroid therapy. Intradermal testing of the Pfizer-BioNTech COVID-19 vaccine showed a delayed positive reaction. Based on these findings, the patient was diagnosed with COVID-19 vaccine-induced pneumonitis. The timing of the onset of pneumonitis after vaccination and the results of intradermal testing suggest that Type IV hypersensitivity against COVID-19 vaccine may have been responsible for this clinical condition.
著者
沢田 輝 磯﨑 行雄 丸山 茂徳
出版者
公益社団法人 東京地学協会
雑誌
地学雑誌 (ISSN:0022135X)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.127, no.5, pp.705-721, 2018-10-25 (Released:2018-11-14)
参考文献数
116
被引用文献数
2 3

The extensive occurrence of a felsic continental crust is one of the unique features of the Earth. The growth history of the continental crust has been a key issue in understanding the origin and evolution of the Earth. In particular, recent geological studies indicate that subduction of the continental crust into the mantle has been greater than previously imagined. The current understanding of the growth of continents and the differentiation of the crust and the mantle of the Earth is reviewed based on a detrital zircon geochronology. One of the most important achievements arises from the analysis of the age structure of individual continents and secular changes over time. The new detrital zircon geochronology suggests that the sizes of the continents have changed over time, which has been an important factor in the growth of the continents. Large continents, such as the modern examples, can preserve older crusts in their interiors, which are separated from active continental margins. Conversely, in the early Earth, continents were probably formed by the amalgamation of small fragments of crust, such as oceanic island arcs. It is speculated that the smallness of the continents was the most significant cause of the poor preservation of Hadean and Archean crusts, despite putative expected active crustal production. Consequently, the recycling of the continental crust occurred in great magnitudes during the early Earth's history. The large-scale subduction of felsic crust represents one of the most important aspects in studies of the early Earth.
著者
水間 毅 斉藤 秀俊 天野 武一
出版者
The Institute of Electrical Engineers of Japan
雑誌
電気学会論文誌D(産業応用部門誌) (ISSN:09136339)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.110, no.5, pp.580-589, 1990-05-20 (Released:2008-12-19)
参考文献数
3
被引用文献数
1

Among linear motor-driven railways, on-board primary linear induction motor-driven railways (steel wheel supported system and levitated system by conducting magnets) have been putting to practical use. This paper refers to electric field strength and magnetic field strength radiated about by these systems. The results are as follows:(1) Directly reached radio noise radiated by the linear motor car has the 1_??_2 MHz frequency region at most.(2) Radio noise by the linear motor car is similar to that by the VVVF inverter controlled car.(3) Magnetic field strength inside the linear motor car is the largest upon the reactor, but is not larger than the ordinary car.(4) In the inspection pit, just under the linear motor magnetic field strength is larger, but decreases to safety level at some distances due to the large attennuation. With the above-mentioned founding, the conclusion are as follows.(i) Peak envelope detection is the refining method in care of the measurement of electric field strength radiated by electric railways.(ii) It is necessary to establish the united standards on the magnetic field strength inside the electric railway cars.(iii) The characteristics of electromagnetic field are of little difference between the linear motor cars and the ordinary motor cars.
著者
小池 淳司 平井 健二 佐藤 啓輔
出版者
公益社団法人 土木学会
雑誌
土木学会論文集D3(土木計画学) (ISSN:21856540)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.68, no.4, pp.388-399, 2012 (Released:2012-12-20)
参考文献数
23
被引用文献数
4 6

道路整備は,人やモノの移動時間を短縮させ,中長期的には,産業の活性化,人口集積など地域の社会・経済構造を変化させる.一方,そのような社会的メリットは,全国一律に享受できるものではなく沿線地域を中心に偏在化し,地域によっては,地元企業の衰退等のデメリットが存在することも知られている.この発展する地域・衰退する地域がどのように分かれるかは,今後の道路整備を考える上で重要な要素であり,客観的な分析が求められる.本研究では,中国地方の過去の高速道路整備が人口構造や産業活動に与えた影響を固定効果モデルにより事後的なパネルデータ分析を行った.その結果,高速道路と産業活動との間には,多くの地域で正の関係性が確認される一方で,人口構造との間には,地方部での負の関係性があることなど空間的な偏在化が示された.
著者
田辺 健 矢野 博明 岩田 洋夫
出版者
公益社団法人 計測自動制御学会
雑誌
計測自動制御学会論文集 (ISSN:04534654)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.53, no.1, pp.31-40, 2017 (Released:2017-01-22)
参考文献数
20
被引用文献数
1 1

This paper describes the properties of proprioceptive sensations induced by an asymmetric vibration using a vibration speaker-type non-grounded haptic interface. We confirm that the vibration speaker generates a perceived force that pulls or pushes a user's hand in a particular direction when an asymmetric amplitude sound signal that is generated by inverting a part of a sine wave is input. We conducted 5 psychophysical experiments and evaluated the subjects' physical properties in order to apply this phenomenon for a variety of applications. As a result, we confirmed that the vibration speaker was able to control both the direction and magnitude of the reaction force by changing the input signal.
著者
篠原 慶邦
出版者
一般社団法人 日本原子力学会
雑誌
日本原子力学会誌 (ISSN:00047120)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.28, no.8, pp.695-700, 1986-08-30 (Released:2009-07-09)
参考文献数
11

ソ連独特のチャンネル型ウラン黒鉛炉RBMK-1000は,減速材の黒鉛ブロック,圧力管型の約1,700本の燃料チャンネル,約180本の制御棒チャンネル等で炉心が構成され,冷却材は沸騰軽水である。炉心が大型で,反応度の気泡係数や減速材温度係数が正となるため,出力分布制御等の問題が重要である。燃料は原子炉運転中に交換できる。本稿では,この型の原子炉の開発の流れ,主要構造,制御安全保護系および工学的安全系の概要について述べる。