著者
天野 武
出版者
社会学研究会
雑誌
ソシオロジ (ISSN:05841380)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.50, no.2, pp.87-192, 2005-10-31 (Released:2016-03-23)
参考文献数
29

This article aims at examining the meaning of wrist-cutting as a ritualistic practice in contemporary society in which norms for the respect of the dignity of the person (un culte pour la dignite de la personne) are becoming more strict. Wrist-cutting, an example of self-injurious behavior, is the deliberate cutting of one's wrist without the intent to commit suicide. It is important that wrist-cutting is not a means to commit suicide but a means to live, in other words a means not to be through with others but to maintain a relationship with others. In spite of the sociality of wrist-cutting, it has not been sufficiently addressed in Sociology. When Sociologists have considered wrist-cutting, they have been concerned with it as a mechanism of "self-identification" and/or "self-presentation," which are problems of self-identity. In contrast, this article offers two alternative mechanisms, based upon the "personalization of the wrist." In these mechanisms, wrist-cutters regard their wrist as themselves or others and cut their own wrist with the aim of punishing themselves or others. In such punishment-oriented wrist-cutting, the relationship of "hurt/being hurt" between the self and the other is of the greatest importance. In this article, making use of data collected in interviews, "the mechanisms of the personalization of the wrist" are classified into the "self-punishment type" (when the wrist is regarded as the self) and the "other-punishment type" (when the wrist is regarded as the other), and these two types are examined from the perspective of interaction ritual. From this perspective, the meaning of "self-punishment" is interpreted as a means of punishing the cutter who has hurt others and is answering for his/her failure, while the meaning of "other-punishment" is interpreted as a means of sublimating anger for others who have hurt the cutters and as a means of controlling one's emotions.
著者
鴻 浩介
出版者
The Philosophy of Science Society, Japan
雑誌
科学哲学 (ISSN:02893428)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.49, no.2, pp.27-47, 2016-12-20 (Released:2017-09-29)
参考文献数
20

A normative reason is a consideration that counts in favor of doing something. According to Internalism about reasons, a consideration is a normative reason for an agent to do something only if that consideration is capable of motivating the agent to do that action. Externalism about reasons denies this claim. After surveying the debate between Internalism and Externalism, I defend the oldest version of Internalism, that is, Bernard Williamsʼ deliberative Internalism. My argument is twofold: first I argue that there is a specific motivation for adopting deliberative Internalism, and then try to address the most serious objection against Internalism, i.e., the undergeneration problem.
著者
白川 誠 石川 陽 渕上 拓朗 田中 恵
出版者
一般社団法人 日本森林学会
雑誌
日本森林学会誌 (ISSN:13498509)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.104, no.7, pp.351-362, 2022-12-28 (Released:2023-01-21)
参考文献数
61

都市近郊二次林における外生菌根菌(以下,菌根菌)の種多様性を明らかにするために,東京都青梅市のコナラを優占樹種とする二次林において,ラインセンサスおよびプロットサンプリングを実施し,子実体436個,菌根327根端,菌核3個の計766サンプルを採取した。形態分類およびrDNA-ITS領域を対象とした分子生物学的解析の結果,23科41属159 MOTUの菌根菌が同定され,林内にはテングタケ属,イグチ科,カラハツタケ属,ベニタケ属,ロウタケ属,ラシャタケ属が広く分布していることが確認された。一方で,ショウロ属やヌメリイグチ属など,センサスルート上やプロット内の各所において局所的に分布する菌種も多数確認された。これらのことから,人為的攪乱を受ける比較的小面積の二次林においても多様な菌根菌種が生息していることが明らかになった。また,プロットから得られた菌根菌を対象とした階層クラスター分析では,各プロットは共通の頻出群を有するものの,局所的に分布する科によって特徴づけられた。樹種構成の相違や人為的攪乱,林内に存在する多様な微地形といった要因が群集組成に影響を及ぼしていることが示唆された。
著者
宮城 美穂
出版者
一般社団法人 日本オリエント学会
雑誌
オリエント (ISSN:00305219)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.48, no.1, pp.171-186, 2005-09-30 (Released:2010-03-12)

The aim of this paper is to examine how εσπερα and δυσιζ, both meaning “west”, are used in Byzantine historiography of the eleventh and twelfth centuries. It is concluded that εσπερα and δυσιζ, when used to designate Hungary, meant simply “west”, while the same words when used to designate the Crusades, the Holy Roman Empire and other Western powers, meant “Western Europe” and were used in the context of its military power.In the eleventh century, εσπερα and δυσιζ were used in contrast to εωζ, which means “east”. These words served to change the scene from wars with western enemies to those with eastern enemies, and vice versa. Besides that, they expressed the Byzantine imperial ideology that the Byzantine Empire was situated in the middle of the civilized world surrounded by the western and eastern barbarians. In the twelfth century, however, εσπερα and δυσιζ came to be used without “east” in many contexts and began to be used to modify the word “troops” when describing the Western countries' armies.Much research has concluded that Byzantine historiography defined Western Europe as a society characterized by the Catholic Church and feudalism. This survey, however, shows that it characterized Western Europe by the military power that finally conquered the City of Constantinople in 1204.
著者
湯川 慶子 石川 ひろの 山崎 喜比古 津谷 喜一郎 木内 貴弘
出版者
日本健康教育学会
雑誌
日本健康教育学会誌 (ISSN:13402560)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.23, no.1, pp.16-26, 2015 (Released:2015-02-27)
参考文献数
32

目的:慢性疾患患者の代替医療による副作用への対処行動や主治医とのコミュニケーションとへルスリテラシーとの関連を明らかにすることを目的とした.方法:2011年5月から7月に,全国の患者会の慢性疾患患者920名に自記式質問紙を用いた横断研究を行った.603通を回収し欠損が多いものを除いた570通のうち(有効回収率62.0%),代替医療の利用経験を持つ428名を対象とした.副作用経験の有無(副作用の経験あり群・経験なし群),副作用時の対処(利用中止群・利用継続群),主治医への副作用の症状と療法の報告(主治医への報告あり群・報告なし群)別のへルスリテラシーについて対応のないt検定を行った.さらに,属性とヘルスリテラシーを説明変数,利用中止,主治医への報告ありを目的変数とした多重ロジスティック回帰分析を行った.結果:428名中88名(20.6%)が副作用を経験していた.そのうち45.9%が利用を継続し,61.6%は主治医に副作用の症状と療法を報告していなかった.利用中止群が利用継続群よりも,報告あり群が報告なし群よりもヘルスリテラシーが高かった.多変量解析でも,ヘルスリテラシーと利用中止か継続かとの関連(OR=2.75,95%CI 1.06-7.10),主治医への報告の有無との関連(OR=2.59,95%CI 1.01-6.65)が認められた.結論:へルスリテラシーは,代替医療による副作用への適切な対処,主治医への報告など,代替医療の安全な利用に重要である.
著者
梅垣 敬三 尾関 彩 西島 千陽 佐藤 陽子 千葉 剛
出版者
公益社団法人 日本ビタミン学会
雑誌
ビタミン (ISSN:0006386X)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.91, no.12, pp.696-701, 2017 (Released:2018-12-31)
被引用文献数
1

There is concern about the occurrence of adverse events related to the use of supplements containing vitamins and minerals, but the actual condition is not understood well. Therefore, we examined the characteristics of adverse events due to the use of supplements containing vitamins and minerals by extracting the adverse events from the database in “Information system on safety and effectiveness for health food(HFNET)”, which collects health food reports both inside and outside the country. Eighty-five adverse cases (domestic 24, foreign 61) were extracted from the HFNET by July 2016. The data revealed that the causal factors of adverse events due to the use of supplements containing vitamins and minerals were their overdose, their use as the medicine, their concomitant use with other medicines, and their use by infants and sick people. Although many cases were due to the use of vitamin D supplement, most of the cases were related with its overdose found in overseas. To ensure the safety of supplements containing vitamins and minerals, it would be necessary to pay attention to their use by vulnerable individuals including infants and sick people, their overdose, and their use in combination with other medicines.
著者
小森田 秋夫
出版者
日本EU学会
雑誌
日本EU学会年報 (ISSN:18843123)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.2019, no.39, pp.44-75, 2019-06-20 (Released:2021-06-20)

In Poland, as a result of the victory of Law and Justice (PiS) party in the parliamentary election in October 2015, a single-party-government was established for the first time since 1989. PiS, enacting one after another statutes of questionable constitutionality, has transformed the Constitutional Tribunal, by replacing its judges, into an organ which is not to control the legislative and the executive from the view point of constitutionality of their acts, but only to legitimate them. Next, PiS moved to the judicial reforms in order to put the whole system of judiciary under the control of the political branches (the legislative and the executive). Such a motion of the ruling party, which undermines the principles of judicial independence and division of power as the bases of democratic state ruled by law, has brought about protests and oppositions of lawyers and citizens within the country. At the same time, this situation in a member state of the European Union puts a serious problem under its nose. Facing an almost unprecedented situation, the European Commission launched the procedure based on the article 7 of the Treaty of the European Union, aiming at resolution of the problem by the “dialog” with the Polish government. But the conflict between the Polish government and the Commission was not settled by the beginning of July 2018, a crucial moment when a group of judges of the Supreme Court (SC) were to be obliged to retire due to the new Act on the SC, lowering of the retirement age for SC judges. So the Commission at last decided to use the infringement procedure on the bases of the article 258 of the Treaty on the Functioning of the EU to protect the independence of the Polish SC. Some courts of the other member states began to seek preliminary ruling of the Court of Justice of EU (ECJ) in the context of execution of European arrest warrant issued by the Polish courts. Polish judges, including ones of the SC, also put preliminary questions as to compatibility of some provisions of the Act on the SC with the EU law. In such a situation, in which motions within Poland and those at the EU level, involving the other member states, are complicatedly intertwined, on 19 October the ECJ decided that Poland must immediately suspend the application of the Act on the SC relating to the lowering of the retirement age for SC judges. Now Poland is waiting for the final judgement of the ECJ.
著者
倉田 稔
出版者
小樽商科大学
雑誌
商学討究 (ISSN:04748638)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.47, no.1, pp.1-15, 1996-07-31

論説
著者
福田 順
出版者
四天王寺大学
雑誌
四天王寺大学紀要 (ISSN:18833497)
巻号頁・発行日
no.70, pp.159-182, 2022-03-25

「現代貨幣理論(MMT)」の政策提言は多岐にわたるが、最も特徴的なものは、非自発的失業者には無条件で政府が仕事を提供する「就業保証プログラム(JGP)」である。景気が悪化した時にはJGP の利用者が増え、景気が回復した時にはJGP の利用者が減るので、マクロ経済的安定が自動的に達成されると考える。重要なことはJGP で取り組む事業は環境、地域社会、人間に対する広い意味でのケア労働であるということであり、持続可能な開発目標(SDGs)の実現に大いに貢献しうるという点である。一方で、JGP に対してはMMT を支持する論者からも疑問が投げかけられている。本稿ではJGP に対する批判を検討し、さらにベーシックインカム( BI )、ワークフェア政策、雇用調整助成金との比較を行い、さらに、先行研究が提唱した「グリーン・リカバリー戦略(GR 戦略)」の経済効果の再推計を行った。検討の結果、先行研究が指摘するように、JGP が扱う仕事内容はあいまいな部分が多いものの、一方でJGP は他の政策と比べると、非自発的失業者の「就労権」を強調した政策であることが明瞭になった。またGR 戦略の再推計では、第2 次間接効果を含めた総合効果においては、先行研究と同程度の雇用創出効果が得られることが分かった。
著者
服部 保 南山 典子 小川 靖彦
出版者
植生学会
雑誌
植生学会誌 (ISSN:13422448)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.27, no.2, pp.45-61, 2010-12-25 (Released:2017-01-06)
参考文献数
81
被引用文献数
3

1. 万葉集に詠まれている植物,植物群落,立地条件をもとに同じ歌の中の植物間の組合せや植物と立地条件の組合せおよび植物群落を解析し,万葉時代の植生景観について考察した.  2. 万葉集に詠まれている維管束植物種数は145種(1650首),植物群落数は44(235首)であった.  3. 同じ歌の中の植物間の組合せや植物と立地条件の組合せは現存植生の種組成や植物と立地条件の組合せとほとんど矛盾しておらず,万葉集の写実性の高さが確認できた.  4. 「浜」,「里」,「野」,「山」における植生分布は万葉時代も現在も大きな差はなく,田畑,クロマツ林,チガヤ草原,ススキ草原,ヨシ草原,里山林などが当時広がっていたと推定した.万葉集の「山」は,現在使用されている用語でいうと「里山」に該当すると考えられた.  5. 万葉時代の西日本の暖温帯における「奥山」の植生はスギ・ヒノキ個体群と照葉原生林の混生林か,両者が地形的にすみ分けていた樹林と考えられた.「奥山」は,その後人の土地利用によって里山化が進み,万葉時代の「奥山」は現在では里山放置林やスギ・ヒノキの人工林に変化している.  6. 万葉集にもっとも多く詠まれていた植物はススキクラスの植物であった.しかし,「庭」に植栽されているススキクラスの植物を詠んだ歌が多く,その点を考慮すると,万葉集でもっともよく詠まれた植生景観は「庭」の景観であった.