著者

明陳仁錫纂輯

出版者

[出版者不明]

巻号頁・発行日

vol.[11], 1000

著者

小島 尚人

出版者

東京大学大学院総合文化研究科附属アメリカ太平洋地域研究センター

雑誌

アメリカ太平洋研究 (ISSN:13462989)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.10, pp.67-80, 2010-03

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This essay is an attempt to read Martin Eden, Jack Londonʼs autobiographical novel, in terms of the inextricable relationship between the author and the protagonist. Critics have often taken the unbalanced plot and the lack of ironic distance between narrator and character in Martin Eden as the technical weakness of London, but this paper argues that the achievement of this novel owes a great deal to the attachment of London to Martin. The unbalanced structure is a necessary product of the severe struggle of the author to kill his romantic alter ego. // Martin, who aspires to win Ruth Morse, tries to cross class boundaries by making a career of a writer. Even after realizing the emptiness of Ruth, who turns out to be nothing but a typical figure of the bourgeoisie, he somehow persists in loving her. The notion underlying here is that, for Martin, love, career and art are fundamentally inseparable. He objects to the aestheteʼs view of Brissenden on account of his separation of art from career. Martinʼs identity and life consist only in the triunity of love/career/art; the alternative is the repudiation of life. Thus, the unnatural delay of his disappointment in love can be regarded as Londonʼs strategy to set the suicide of Martin as the necessary consequence of the story. // By finishing the story and killing Martin, London finally detaches himself from Martin, reconstructs his self, and, unlike Martin, survives as a professional writer. In this sense, Martin Eden is a story about "writerʼs self-reconstruction."

著者

内田 有紀子 大石 響子 中西 真 藤井 達生 高田 潤 草野 圭弘 菊池 丈幸

出版者

一般社団法人 粉体粉末冶金協会

雑誌

粉体および粉末冶金 (ISSN:05328799)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.52, no.8, pp.640-645, 2005

被引用文献数

2 2

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We have successfully prepared Carbon/Fe-Co alloy composites starting from metal organic precursors synthesized by polymerized complex method. The carbon/Fe-Co alloy composites were obtained after the carbonization of the precursors heat-treated at ambient pressure and lower temperatures ranging from 500 to 700°C in N₂ gas flow. Crystalline sizes of both carbon matrix and Fe-Co alloy particles were determined by X-ray diffraction measurements as a function of the Co concentration and the carbonized temperature. The alloy particles were widely dispersed in the carbon matrix and the particle size carbonized at 600°C was about 20∼50 nm observed by scanning electron microscopy. The composite carbonized at 600°C had very small coercivity of 14 Oe and exhibited relatively large permeability spectra at frequency of GHz range.

著者

Yoichiro Hirakawa

出版者

The Japanese Circulation Society

雑誌

Circulation Journal (ISSN:13469843)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.83, no.4, pp.711-712, 2019-03-25 (Released:2019-03-25)

参考文献数

17

被引用文献数

1

著者

小林 標

出版者

京都大学

雑誌

西洋古典論集 (ISSN:02897113)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.11, pp.185-211, 1994-03-30

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この論文は国立情報学研究所の学術雑誌公開支援事業により電子化されました。The object of this paper is to present a new viewpoint for Seneca's "Medea" and to study as well the nature of its influence over some "Medea" plays in Modern times. It is evident that Seneca's "Medea" owes very much to Euripides's masterpiece tragedy, but nonetheless it shows a clear break therefrom. Euripides created a shockingly powerful human tragedy, in which a once devoted wife, after suffering much because of the husband's betrayal, invents and executes the cruelest punishment for him one can ever imagine : the murder of her own children. Seneca, on his part, did not want to follow in the same footsteps when he tried to write a new "Medea" play. Perhaps we'd better say he could not, because all his literary audience must have had full knowledge of Medea's ultimate deed in Euripides's tragedy. And it would not have made sense for him to write a new play without considering the audience's knowledge of the story. We may be allowed to say that, after Euripides, the name ≪Medea≫ has become a sort of sign to signify ≪woman who kills her innocent children to punish the unfaithful husband whose life she spares≫. It was open to everybody to utilize this sign for writing a new play, but nobody could alter its meaning. So, for one thing, Seneca chose to omit from his version Euripides's Aegeus-scene in which Medea learns how much the children mean to the father ; he decided that, in the environment where everybody knew the heroine would eventually kill her children, the scene of "inventing" the kind of punishment by the heroine would not have as dramatic an impact on the audience as it did in Euripides's play. What Seneca presented instead was the repeated suggestion by Medea herself even in the prologue that she would murder her children. From the beginning of the play the readers or audience are made to confront the insinuation of the outcome they already know but don't want to see, and they are already in suspense. It was this suspenseful atmosphere that Seneca intended to create as the dramatic effect for his "Medea" when he wanted to compensate for the absence of the scene in which the punishment is invented. The well known significative value of the word ≪Medea≫ also made it possible for the author to write words such as "I will become Medea!" (171), or "Now I am Medea" (910) to convey the meaning that she is going to, or has determined to, kill her children. Expressions like ≪I will become Medea≫, ≪I am Medea≫ are also uttered by the heroines of the "Medea" plays of Corneille, Grillparzer and Anouilh. This is one example of the close relationship between Seneca's work and theirs, which has been more or less neglected. These Modern times dramatists had the same advantage and handicap as Seneca did when they wanted to write their "Medea" plays ; the audience already knew what the heroine would ultimately do. In other words, they were able to (and at the same time they had to) use the word ≪Medea≫ as a long established and too-well known sign. So, in the same course, they would rather rely on the dramatic effects invented by Seneca than those by Euripides. Actually, the influence Seneca's "Medea" exercised on these Modern times dramatists can be perceived in their borrowing not merely of the heroine's words from Seneca's work but also the principal framework of his plotting composition. The plotting of Seneca's "Medea", as I interpret it, is as follows ; a supernatural female marries a human male because of her juvenile love, and she tries hard to adapt herself to her husband's world. Eventually she encounters the ≪inescapable≫ betrayal of human beings, and she goes back to her own place after punishing the human world in her harshest way. In a more general and shorter expression, we can summarize it as the story of ≪an inevitable disintegration of an impossible marriage≫. In order to write a story of ≪impossible marriage≫, one must present two oppositive and unreconcilable worlds, which Seneca did in a meticulous way. First, Seneca reversed the heroine's character from the almost completely humanized one in Euripides's work to its mythical archetype, i. e. a sorceress with full witchcraft capacity and inclination. Furthermore, he set her in isolation not only in the actual condition but also in the concept of those who surround her. The Chorus is not only hostile to her in contrast to Euripides's version but also describes her as "the evil worse than the sea" (362) which mankind had not known before their first navigation to violate the sea. Jason is portrayed as being able to claim a certain amount of sympathy. He is being pursued by Acastus so that he is pressed, for the safety of himself and his children, to depend on the help of either Creo, i. e. his saviour from the human world's side, or Medea, i. e. from the nonhuman world's side. Medea tries to retrieve Jason to her own world with the declaration of her willingness to commit further crimes for his sake (525-528), but he chooses to belong to the human world and consequently deserts her. When Medea kills her children, it is not only to punish Jason, but also to severe all relationship with the human world. She asserts that any child she got by Jason is Creusa's (921-2). She also expresses her children as "quondam mei" (924) and "non mei" (934), which are quite contrastive to Medea's word "philoi" in the similar situation of Euripides's version (1250). Finally she casts down the bodies of her children to Jason, again in contrast to Euripides's, and the story of ≪impossible marriage≫ comes to a conclusion. In my opinion, it was Seneca's most valuable contribution to the history of "Medea" plays to transpose her story from that of ≪revenge of a wronged woman≫ into that of ≪an inevitable disintegration of an impossible marriage≫, and it is this kind of plotting that Corneille, Grillparzer and Anouilh owe most to Seneca. A shaky marriage with a nonhuman being (animal, specter, natural phenomenon personified etc.) disguised in human shape and its ultimate breakdown is the motif in many Japanese folktales, of which Lafcadio Hearn's "Yuki-Onna" is one example, and it is given a collective nomination as ≪irui-kon' in-tan≫ (roughly translated, ≪tale of marriage with an alien≫). ≪Irui-kon' in-tan≫ is not identical to the folktales in the West which are classified as the tales of ≪supernatural or enchanted spouse≫, because these are mostly about human beings who are temporarily forced to take disguise in nonhuman shape. Though I could not find the terminology in the Western languages that is exactly identical to ≪irui-kon' in-tan≫, there are literary pieces which could belong to this category in the West, too. As we saw, Seneca's "Medea" is an exemplary case. Fouque's "Undine" and its theatrical adaptation "Ondine" by Giraudoux are among other examples. Now, I would like to suggest broadening the implication of ≪iruikon' in-tan≫ to denote all the stories of ≪an inevitable disintegration of a marriage of a pair from two different worlds unreconcilable to each other≫, and to apply the concept to Occidental literature. Then we may be able to grasp more clearly, for one thing, the place Seneca's "Medea" occupies in the series of "Medea" plays. Among the three Modern dramatists mentioned, Anouilh employed the thematic scheme of ≪impossible marriage≫ more consciously than the others. The meaning of the fact that he borrowed many expressions directly from Seneca's work must be interpreted in correlation with this thematic borrowing. In my own terminology, Anouilh perceived Seneca's "Medea" as ≪irui-kon' in-tan≫, and he himself wrote his own version of the same motif.

著者

谷川 二郎

出版者

サイコアナリティカル英文学会

雑誌

サイコアナリティカル英文学論叢 (ISSN:03866009)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.1997, no.18, pp.1-15, 1997

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There is necrophilious taste in the scenes where Romeo meets Juliet, who is thought to be dead for him, in her familiy's semetry, and Othello talkes to himself, looking at Desdemona sleeping in her deathbed. In Othello's words: " I will kill thee / And love thee after ", we clearly see the protagonist's necrophilious desire. This necrophilious desire is caused by Othello's misunderstanding of his wife's disloyalty which causes him strong mysogyny at the same time. Othello's necrophilious desire is, as it were, the inversion of mysogyny caused by Desdemona's misundrstood disloyalty. Among the plays of around 1600, turning point of the playwright's dramatic vision from comic to tragic, the dramatic setting of heroine's disloyalty in Troilus and Cressida proves true unlike that of Othello. Troilus is shocked to see and hear Cressida's unbelievable disloyalty, while Hamlet severely criticises his mother's early remarriage with his uncle, which means the disloyalty against her ex-husband, his father. And Lear's unquenchable agony and anger caused by his two daughter's ingratitude lead him to the extreme of cursing feminity as a whole. In the Romance Plays, the last group of tragi-comedies, which are characterized with the happy-endings of forgiveness, reunion and reconciiation, the theme of protagonists' jealousy caused by heroine's supposed disloyalty is persistently repeated. Their jealousy is always 51accompanied with strong sense of mysogyny when they misunderstand they are betrayed by their wives or lovers. It is so strong that it never is healed till it leads them to decide to kill their wives or lovers. True reconciliation and reunion only comes after this bitter process of killing heroines once. Leontes in The Winter's Tale meets the happy case of reunion and reconciliation between husband and wife where the protagonist's necrophilious desire enjoys a happy ending under the theme of jealousy, while the playwright shows us a twisted, grotesque scene of necrophilious desire in Cymbeline.

出版者

写

巻号頁・発行日

vol.[15] 五下 御触町触之部,

著者

原口 美貴子 山口 幸男

出版者

群馬大学

雑誌

群馬大学教育学部紀要. 人文・社会科学編 (ISSN:03864294)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.45, pp.197-214, 1996

著者

清水 昌人

出版者

日本人口学会

雑誌

人口学研究 (ISSN:03868311)

巻号頁・発行日

2019

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<p>東京都の住民登録(基本台帳)人口移動報告により,他の道府県から東京都区部に転入した人の地域分布を出発地別,到着区別に検討した。1960年代後半と2010年代前半の転入数を1㎢あたりの転入数や立地係数など4つの指標で分析したところ,東北・北関東からの転入者と西日本からの転入者の間で,到着地の違いが比較的大きかった。また,埼玉,千葉,神奈川からの転入では,各県に隣接する区およびその周辺部への集中が顕著だった。ただし,出発地ごとの分布のかたよりは2010年代には全体に縮小し,多くの出発地集団で以前よりも似通った分布が観察されるようになった。</p>

著者

山口 幸男 原口 美貴子

出版者

群馬大学

雑誌

群馬大学教育学部紀要. 人文・社会科学編 (ISSN:03864294)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.46, pp.221-249, 1997

著者

長野 覚

出版者

駒澤大学

雑誌

駒沢地理 (ISSN:0454241X)

巻号頁・発行日

no.15, pp.p5-51, 1979-03

著者

山田 明日香 谷川 孝弘 巣山 拓郎 松野 孝敏 國武 利浩

出版者

一般社団法人 園芸学会

雑誌

Journal of the Japanese Society for Horticultural Science (ISSN:18823351)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.77, no.3, pp.296-303, 2008

被引用文献数

5

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トルコギキョウの初秋出し栽培における切り花品質の向上を目的として,4 種類の赤色光(R; 660 ± 30 nm):遠赤色光(FR; 730 ± 30 nm)比の高い光源を用いた長日処理について検討した.赤色蛍光灯,カラー蛍光灯(R-type),電球型赤色蛍光灯および電球型昼光色蛍光灯の R:FR 比はそれぞれ 62.0,100.0,8.8 および 8.5 であった.'ダブルピンク'の苗を 7 月 11 日に定植し,定植直後から発蕾まで上記の光源を用いて暗期中断を行った.その結果,平均発蕾日は無処理の 8 月 11 日と比較して光源の種類により 2~5 日間遅れた.いずれの光源を用いた暗期中断も,無処理と比較して開花時の主茎の節数,側枝数および花蕾数が増加し,切り花長が長くなった.カラー蛍光灯(R-type)および電球型赤色蛍光灯を用い,トルコギキョウの 3 品種に対して暗期中断を行った.'キングオブスノー'の暗期中断区での平均開花日は無処理と同じであったが,'ダブルピンク'および'ピッコローサスノー'の平均開花日は,カラー蛍光灯(R-type)または電球型赤色蛍光灯で無処理よりも 3~6 日間遅れた.さらに,これらの光源により 3 品種とも無処理と比較して主茎の節数が増加し,茎長および切り花長が長くなった.'ダブルピンク'を供試し,実用上最も使用しやすい電球型赤色蛍光灯を用いた長日処理を日の出前 6 時間,日没後 6 時間,暗期中断 6 時間および終夜電照で行い,併せて無処理区を設けた.平均発蕾日と平均開花日は,すべての処理の中で終夜電照により最も遅れた.しかし切り花長は,日の出前電照により他の処理よりも長くなった.以上の結果から,定植直後から主茎の発蕾まで,電球型赤色蛍光灯を用いた午前 0:00 から明け方 6:00 までの長日処理により,初秋期出し栽培での切り花品質を向上させることができる.<br>

著者

河竹新七 作

出版者

亀遊堂濱田屋徳兵衛

巻号頁・発行日

vol.初編, 1855

著者

高橋 和子 須山 敦 村山 紀文 高村 大也 奥村 学

出版者

大阪商業大学

雑誌

JGSSで見た日本人の意識と行動 : 日本版General Social Surveys研究論文集 (ISSN:13498436)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.4, pp.pp.225-241, 2005-03-31

著者

菊池 賢次郎

出版者

公益社団法人 日本獣医学会

雑誌

日本獸醫學會雑誌

巻号頁・発行日

vol.2, no.1, pp.1-5_2, 1923

被引用文献数

4

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Die Blastomykose, eine Krankheit, die durch Saccharomyces verursacht wird, kommt beim Menschen nicht selten vor. Bei unseren Haustieren kommt auch eine durch Saccharomyces farciminosus verursachten Hautkrankheit, der Pseudrotz, vor, &uuml;ber deren Pathogenese H. Tokishige eingehend beschrieben hat.<br>W&auml;hrend viele Autoren seit der Ver&ouml;ffentlichung von Tokishige &uuml;ber diese Krankheit berichtet haben, doch keiner hat in Japan bis heute &uuml;ber Blastomykose bei Haustieren mitgeteilt, die durch eine andere Art von Blastomyces verursacht wird.<br>Ein Fall von Blastomykose beim Pferd, den ich hierunter kurz skizzieren will, handelt sich um ein durch eine Art von Hefe bedingtes geschwulstartiges Granulom.<br>Im November, 1921, wurde ein 13 j&auml;hriges Reitpferd mit der folgenden Anamnese zu unserer Klinik eingeliefert.<br>Vor ca. 7 Monaten leichte Blutung aus der linken Nase. Heilung ohne Behandlung. 4 Monate sp&auml;ter trat eine Knochen-auftreibung &uuml;ber der Stirn- und linken Oberkieferh&ouml;hle ein. Schleimig-eitriger Nasenausfluss, der sich zuweilen in gr&ouml;sseren Mengen entleert. Genauere Untersuchung der Nase zeigte keine Ver&auml;nderung. Als Empyem der Stirn- und Kieferh&ouml;hle diagno- stiziert, wurde das Pferd trepaniert. Bei der Er&ouml;ffnung der Nebenh&ouml;hle sah man dass sie mit dem gelbgef&auml;rbten, schleimigen Eiter ausgef&uuml;llt, und dass die Schleimhaut der H&ouml;hle etwas angeschwollen ist.<br><i>Sektionsbefund</i>. Bei der Sektion des Kopfes fand ich eine grosse geschwulst&auml;hnliche Masse, die sich in die linke Stirn-, Kiefer- und Nasenh&ouml;hle ausbreitet. In der Stirnh&ouml;hle hat sie eine Gr&ouml;sse von Grossmannfaust und bricht, teils in die Oberkiefer, teils in die Nasenh&ouml;hle durch. Die Scheidewand zwischen der Stirn- und Kieferh&ouml;hle ist schon verschwunden, und die linke Nase ist durch eine sich in die Nasenh&ouml;hle ausbreiteten Partie der Masse ganz verstopft.<br>Die hellgelb gef&auml;rbte geschwulst&auml;nhnliche Masse ist von weicher Konsistenz und einem Myxosarkom oder Fettgewebe ganz &auml;hnlich.<br><i>Mikroskopischer Befund</i>. In der mikroskopischen Untersuchung der aus der Schnittfl&auml;che abgenommenen Substanz fand ich zahlreiche runde K&ouml;rperchen, die morphologisch als eine Art von Hefe angenommen werden sollte. Diese K&ouml;rperchen sind von verschiedener Gr&ouml;sse; das kleine hat einen Durchmesser von 5-10&mu;, das mittele von 12.5-15&mu;, und das gr&ouml;sste von 21.25-25&mu;. Jedes K&ouml;rperchen versieht mit einem konturierten Membran und innerhalb des Zellleibs befinden sich einige stark strahlen- brechende fettige Granule. Um den Zellleib herum ist eine breite durchsichtige Kapsel, worauf Kalk niedergeschl&auml;gt ist.<br>Einige von den Rundk&ouml;rperchen haben knospenartige Ans&auml;tze und andere h&auml;ngen in 3-4 Zellen wie ein St&uuml;ck von Rosenkranz zusammen.<br>Das mikroskopische Preparat zeigt sp&auml;rliche, bindegewebige Masche, darin sich die oben erw&auml;hnten K&ouml;rperchen dicht zusammenh&auml;ufen. Dort auch finden sich einige Eosinophilen und epithel&auml;hnliche Zellen.<br>Kultur und Tierversuche mit den K&ouml;rperchen ergaben negative Resultate.

著者

中島 真志

出版者

麗澤大学

雑誌

麗澤経済研究 (ISSN:09196706)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.15, no.2, pp.97-112, 2007-09

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The year of 2007 will be remembered as the beginning of the second development stage of electronic money (e-money) in Japan. This is because of the introduction of three new e-money, namely PASMO, nanaco and WAON, in addition to the two prevailing e-money of Edy and Suica. In this paper, the definition and characteristics of e-money are discussed in Section 1. The most important point is the judgment that e-money is not a new type of money but a new type of payment instrument. In Section 2, the similarities and differences between Edy and Suica are examined in order to clarify the structures and features of e-money in Japan. Edy is managed by bitWallet Inc. and Suica is issued by East Japan Railway Company. Both e-money are issued by private companies, use the same contactless IC technology of FeliCa, set the upper limit of charge, and adopt Closed Loop scheme. Some differences are pointed out, including traffic-oriented card vs. multi-purpose card and three-cornered model vs. four-cornered model. These discussions are followed by the introduction of three new e-money in Section 3. PASMO is issued by private railway and bus companies and has total interoperability with Suica. WAON and nanaco are issued by major retailer, AEON and Seven & I Holdings, respectively. In Section 4, the background of the development and spread of e-money in Japan is discussed. Several factors such as the wide usage of cash settlement, and the underdeveloped stage of Debit Card are indicated. As the last part of this paper, the future developments of e-money in Japan are discussed, which include the change of e-money media from the card to the mobile phone, the move to standardize e-money terminal, the usage of both prepaid e-money and postpaid credit service on the same mobile phone, and the growing recognition on the economic merit of e-money. With these tendencies, it is predicted that the e-money will be used much more widely in Japan in the future.

出版者

写

巻号頁・発行日

vol.[12],

著者

綿貫 攻

出版者

秋田県立大学

巻号頁・発行日

2017-09-25

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平成29年度

著者

中川 宏道 星野 崇宏

出版者

日本商業学会

雑誌

流通研究 (ISSN:13459015)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.20, no.2, pp.1-15, 2017

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<p>値引きとポイント付与とでは,どちらのセールス・プロモーションの効果が大きいのであろうか。本研究では,食品スーパーにおける集計された購買履歴データを用いて,ポイント付与に関するプロモーション弾力性および値引きの弾力性の推定をおこない,両者の効果の比較をおこなった。プロモーション弾性値の測定の結果,ベネフィット水準が高くなるほど値引きの弾性値が高くなる一方,ポイント付与の弾性値は低くなる傾向が確認された。これらの結果,商品単価が低く値引率・ポイント付与率も低いときには,ポイント付与の方が値引きよりも売上効果が高くなることが確認された。小売業が低いベネフィット水準においてプロモーションをおこなう場合には,値引きよりもポイント付与の方が有利であることが示唆される。</p>

著者

北古賀 義之

出版者

公益社団法人 精密工学会

雑誌

精密工学会誌 (ISSN:09120289)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.58, no.8, pp.1284-1286, 1992-08-05 (Released:2009-10-08)

被引用文献数

1