著者
外山 秀一
出版者
日本第四紀学会
雑誌
第四紀研究 (ISSN:04182642)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.33, no.5, pp.317-329, 1994-12-31 (Released:2009-08-21)
参考文献数
41

遺跡の発掘調査や地形分析, プラント・オパール分析その他の成果に基づき, 縄文時代晩期~弥生時代の稲作農耕に関する諸問題を検討するとともに, 弥生時代~15・16世紀の土地条件の変化を明らかにした.稲作農耕文化を構成する要素のうち, イネ (Oryza sativa L. あるいは Oryza) に関する資料, すなわち籾殻圧痕土器や炭化米, プラント・オパールや花粉化石, そして水田址の検出状況を整理し, これらの波及の状況を検討した. その結果, それらの波及には時間的なズレが生じており, 初期の水稲作を大きく2段階に分けて考える必要がある. すなわち, 稲作農耕文化を構成する要素が徐々に波及する第I段階と, これらの要素が集まり稲作農耕文化として完成し, 本格的な水田造営がおこなわれる第II段階である. また, 水田址の増加の時期や分布の状況に地域的な差違がみられた. その原因の一つとしてイネの品種の違いが考えられ, 自然交配によって出現した早生種が, 弥生時代の比較的短期間のうちに東日本に拡大したとみられる.さらに, 弥生時代以降の土地条件の不安定な時期とその状況が明らかになった. 不安定な時期は, 弥生時代前期末~中期初頭, 弥生時代後期~古墳時代前期, 古代末, そして中世の15・16世紀のそれぞれ一時期である. こうした不安定な状況は河川流域の段丘の形成, あるいは洪水などによる地形の変化に対応している. また, 土地条件の変化は土地利用をはじめとする土地の開発の問題と密接に関わっている.
著者
橋元 慶男
出版者
国際アジア文化学会
雑誌
アジア文化研究 (ISSN:13405411)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.12, no.12, pp.118-132, 2005-06-01 (Released:2010-08-25)
参考文献数
12
著者
益川 敏雄 表 俊一郎 久保寺 章 三浪 俊夫
出版者
日本地熱学会
雑誌
日本地熱学会誌 (ISSN:03886735)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.1, no.1, pp.3-14, 1979-06-30 (Released:2009-08-07)
参考文献数
5
被引用文献数
1

Recently, the Hatchobaru geothermal electric power station of Kyushu Electric Power Co. started its commertial operation on June 1977, under the prescribed power of 50, 000KW. In prior to the completion of the full scale Hatchobaru Power Station, a geothermal power station had been operated since August 1963 at Ohtake, about 2 km distant from the new station to the north. Together with the increase in the development of power production it was planned to improve the micro-earthquake observation network. A new network is composed by one base station and 6 branch stations distributed within an area of 20×20km, in which the Hatchobaru station is acting as the base station locating nearly in the center of the other stations. Each branch station is equipped with one vertical seismometer and is connected to the base station by telephone lines. In the base station all neccesarry devices for micro-earthquake observations are prepared including memory unit, trigger unit, amplifying unit, for-each respective station and a cloock system as well as a recording system. The recording system in Hatchobaru base station is so arranged that the six seismograms of all the seismic stations could be reproduced on one sheet of paper side by side. In doing so reading of seismograms and locating of epicenters could be realized most easily with high acculacy. In this report there are described the newly developed telemeter system for observing the micro-earthquakes in the Hatchobaru geothermal area, together with the some results obtained in the course of the first 8 months test run. These results fairly a satisfactory operation.
著者
菊池 憲和 今井 徹 中馬 真幸 鏑木 盛雄 吉田 善一
出版者
一般社団法人 日本臨床救急医学会
雑誌
日本臨床救急医学会雑誌 (ISSN:13450581)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.19, no.1, pp.46-51, 2016-02-29 (Released:2016-02-29)
参考文献数
7

目的:救急認定薬剤師の現状と今後の課題を把握するために,救急認定薬剤師の業務実態と展望を調査した。方法:2014年4月1日時点で日本臨床救急医学会により認定を受けた救急認定薬剤師に択一選択および自由記述の調査用紙を郵送した。結果:調査用紙の回収率は75%,所属施設の病床数は平均649床,救急・集中治療業務への従事率は77%であった。現在の業務内容として,処方提案,注射薬の監査,麻薬等の管理,投与速度の算出,治療薬物モニタリング(therapeutic drug monitoring; TDM),持参薬の確認については80%以上が行っており,救急認定薬剤師が精通している領域は,救急医療が最も多かった。今後実施したいと考えている業務は初療が60%,今後の展望として,業務のガイドライン作成が73%と最も多かった。考察:救急認定薬剤師が大小さまざまな施設で救急・集中治療に従事しており,今後は初療に関与してゆくことが課題であり,早急に業務ガイドラインの作成を行う必要があると考える。
著者
垣見 俊弘 松田 時彦 相田 勇 衣笠 善博
出版者
公益社団法人 日本地震学会
雑誌
地震 第2輯 (ISSN:00371114)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.55, no.4, pp.389-406, 2003-03-15 (Released:2010-03-09)
参考文献数
49
被引用文献数
9

A new seismotectonic province map of the Japanese Islands and the adjacent areas, which carries maximum magnitudes of earthquake (Mmax) expected for the individual provinces, has been prepared as a revised edition of Kakimi et al. (1994). The major part of the mapped region constitutes an island arc-trench system, which is surrounded by Northwest Pacific Basin (1), Shikoku Basin (2), Philippine Basin (3), Kurile Basin (4), Japan Sea Basins (5), and Korean Peninsula and Tonhai Continental Shelf (6). All of the peripheral provinces have too low seismicity to be given Mmax. The island arc-trench system is subdivided into the following constituent arcs: Kurile Arc (7), Northeast Honshu Arc (8), Izu-Bonin Arc (9), Southwest Honshu Arc (10), Ryukyu Arc (11), Sakhalin Arc (12), and the Tectonic Belt along the Eastern Margin of Japan Sea (13). While the constituent arcs 7 to 11 are divided into three tectonic belts, which remarkably differ from each other in tectonic, seismic, and volcanic activities, from the trench to the inland: Continental Slope on the Trench Side (A), Non-volcanic Outer Belt (B), and Volcanic Inner Belt (C), the constituent arc 10 alone has additionally the Continental Slope on the Marginal Sea Side (D). Province 12 started developing in Late Mesozoic and functioned as a collision belt between the North American Plate (NA) and the Eurasian Plate (EUR) in Late Cenozoic, whereas province 13 is considered to form a current collision belt between NA and EUR plates. Province 11X, Okinawa Trough, is defined as a current rift zone developing between the Tonhai Continental Shelf and the Ryukyu Arc. Some of the provinces are further divided into subprovinces in response to local differences in active faults, seismicity, Mmax etc.All the active faults on land are grouped into seismogenic faults (Matsuda, 1990), which are considered to generate characteristic earthquakes. The magnitudes of earthquake expected for the seismogenic faults (MLmax) are estimated by the equation: log L=0.6ML-2.9 (Matsuda, 1975), where L is the length of the faults in kilometers. The maximum magnitude of earthquake expected for seismogenic faults (MLmax) and the maximum one for historical shallow earthquakes (Mhmax) are compared in each province to choose the larger one as the expected maximum earthquake magnitude (Mmax) for the province. Since no method to decide a seismogenic unit from offshore active faults has been established, Mhmax is tentatively adopted as the Mmax representing the province. Extraordinarily long faults found in inland provinces, which are called the designated faults (Matsuda, 1990), are excluded from estimation of the Mmax. None of the magnitudes of earthquake expected for the designated faults is shown here, because they should be individually estimated. All of the information, such as tectonic geomorphology and geology, characteristics of active (seismogenic) faults, historical earthquakes, modern seismicity, and other, is put into a table to facilitate the identification of a seismotectonic province and the determination of the Mmax and the designated faults. The details of the boundaries between seismotectonic provinces are shown in another table.
著者
Michel de Lorgeri Patricia Salen
出版者
Japan Society for Lipid Nutrition
雑誌
脂質栄養学 (ISSN:13434594)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.19, no.1, pp.65-92, 2010 (Released:2010-05-01)
参考文献数
46
被引用文献数
2 2

The cholesterol-lowering drug trials published in 2008-2009 were either negative (ENHANCE, SEAS, GISSI-HF, AURORA) or obviously biased and therefore not credible (JUPITER). How can we explain this wave of negative cholesterol-lowering drug trials? In this article, authors review and comment the results of these recent trials. It is also noteworthy that most cholesterol-lowering drug trials published between 2005 (the year of the Vioxx affair and of enforcement of new clinical trial regulations) and 2007 were also negative or ambiguous. Taken together, these recent trials, including those of 2008-2009, strongly suggest that the results of previous, highly positive trials with statins - particularly in the secondary prevention of coronary heart disease - published between 1994 and 2004 and that were used to issue guidelines for medical practitioners should be carefully re-examined by experts independent from the pharmaceutical industry. The next question would be whether it is not time for a full reappraisal of the theory according to which cholesterol-lowering results in a significant protection against cardiovascular morbidity and mortality.
著者
中野 和久 松下 祥 齋藤 和義 山岡 邦宏 田中 良哉
出版者
日本臨床免疫学会
雑誌
日本臨床免疫学会会誌 (ISSN:09114300)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.32, no.1, pp.1-6, 2009 (Released:2009-02-28)
参考文献数
16
被引用文献数
5 10

ドパミンD2様受容体の過剰反応が主原因とされる統合失調症においては,関節リウマチ(RA)の発症率が顕著に低下することが知られるが,その原因は不詳である.神経伝達物質はリンパ球表面の受容体を介して免疫修飾作用を発揮する.脳内の主要な神経伝達物質であるドパミンは,D1~D5のサブタイプを持つ7回膜貫通型のGPCRを介してシグナルを転送する.   我々はこれまでに樹状細胞(DC)でのドパミン合成・貯蔵とナイーブT細胞への放出機構,およびヘルパーT細胞サブセット分化への影響を解明した.RAにおいてもDCは関節内抗原をT細胞に提示し病態形成の初期から重要な役割を果たすことから,RA滑膜組織におけるドパミン・ドパミン受容体の機能的役割を評価した.本稿ではこの一連の解析を概説し,ドパミン受容体を標的とした創薬の可能性についても述べる.
著者
Mizuki KOBAYASHI
出版者
グローバルビジネスリサーチセンター・東京大学MERC
雑誌
Annals of Business Administrative Science (ISSN:13474464)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.15, no.2, pp.105-117, 2016-04-15 (Released:2016-04-15)
参考文献数
22

Dalian, China, has been noted for its software industrial agglomeration. Many studies have mentioned Silicon Valley, the archetypal high-tech industrial agglomeration, stating that companies gained the necessary resources by becoming familiar with the flexible business practices in the region. This is conventional wisdom. However, such a trend is barely found in Dalian. Much of the business of Dalian’s software industry is related to Japan, and a strong influence of Japanese multinational enterprises (MNEs) exists. Key enterprises within the industrial agglomeration adopt Japanese companies’ managerial system and then be able to gain business from their Japanese clients. In other words, even though both are high-tech industrial agglomerations, in Silicon Valley, companies were required to become familiar with local business practices to acquire resources, while in Dalian, local key enterprises were required to take on business practices of their customer MNEs to gain resources. Thus, it is not easy to make generalizations about high-tech industrial agglomeration models based on the case of Silicon Valley, which may, in fact, be a special case.
著者
駒澤 正夫
出版者
日本測地学会
雑誌
測地学会誌 (ISSN:00380830)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.41, no.1, pp.17-45, 1995-03-25 (Released:2011-07-05)
参考文献数
48

阿蘇火山およびその周辺域について重力データの収集と補間測定を行ない,阿蘇火山の微細なブーゲー異常と密度構造を明らかにした.カルデラ構造を不鮮明にしている表層の火砕物や堆積物の効果をはぎ取るために,上方接続残差分散比較法(CVUR法)を提案する.その方法を適用した結果,阿蘇火山の表層密度は2.2~2.39/cm 3と妥当な値を得た. 測点数が増したことにより,阿蘇カルデラが漏斗型(倒立円錐状)の構造をもった単純な「低重力タイプのカルデラ」ではなく,5つの低重力異常域が南北に並んでいることが判明した.また,個々の低重力異常域はカルデラ壁の内側で急勾配をもつが,低重力異常の中心部では底が平坦であることもわかった. カルデラ内の湖性堆積物や火砕堆積層の層厚の見積もりのモデルとして,表層上面と基盤面(表層下面)にそれぞれ面的に密度変化を与え,その両面を2次式で接続させるものを想定し,その構造に基づく3次元解析法を新たに提案する.その結果,重力基盤構造は,カルデラ内で急傾斜で500mほど陥没し,カルデラ内の5つの低重力異常域に対応してさらに200~400mほどの陥没があり,底は平坦である.重力基盤構造からは,阿蘇カルデラが濁川カルデラのように巨大な爆裂による「漏斗型カルデラ」とは読み取れず,大規模な陥没を伴ったValles-typeといわれる「ピストン・シリンダー型」に類似する構造が配列することがわかった.また,中央火口丘からその北側には,周辺域より0.1g/cm 3ほど密度の小さい基盤が推定され,深部との連続性とともに,陥没域には,強溶結した溶結凝灰岩や火砕流の存在が考えられる.
著者
信川 創 西村 治彦 堅田 尚郁
出版者
一般社団法人 システム制御情報学会
雑誌
システム制御情報学会 研究発表講演会講演論文集 第51回システム制御情報学会研究発表講演会
巻号頁・発行日
pp.13, 2007 (Released:2008-06-16)

微弱な信号に対する非線形システムの応答性がノイズの存在下で増強される現象 として,確率共鳴が知られている.これに対して本研究では,非線形システムの典型例であるカオスニューロン系が示すカオスによる決定論的共鳴現象について検討する.シミュレーションによる詳細な解析を行った結果,微弱な外部信号に対する高感度な検出能力が確認された.この性質はノイズフリーな状況において出現するものであり,従来の白色ノイズの存在下で生じる確率共鳴とは大きく異なっている.
著者
Álvaro Huerta Ojeda Luis Chirosa Ríos Rafael Guisado Barrilao Pablo Cáceres Serrano
出版者
理学療法科学学会
雑誌
Journal of Physical Therapy Science (ISSN:09155287)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.28, no.3, pp.752-756, 2016 (Released:2016-03-31)
参考文献数
21
被引用文献数
8

[Purpose] The aim of this study was to determine the acute effect temporal of a complex training protocol on 30 meter sprint times. A secondary objective was to evaluate the fatigue indexes of military athletes. [Subjects and Methods] Seven military athletes were the subjects of this study. The variables measured were times in 30-meter sprint, and average power and peak power of squats. The intervention session with complex training consisted of 4 sets of 5 repetitions at 30% 1RM + 4 repetitions at 60% 1RM + 3 repetitions of 30 meters with 120-second rests. For the statistical analysis repeated measures of ANOVA was used, and for the post hoc analysis, student’s t-test was used. [Results] Times in 30 meter sprints showed a significant reduction between the control set and the four experimental sets, but the average power and peak power of squats did not show significant changes. [Conclusion] The results of the study show the acute positive effect of complex training, over time, in 30-meter sprint by military athletes. This effect is due to the post activation potentiation of the lower limbs’ muscles in the 30 meters sprint.
著者
仁木 恒夫
出版者
日本法社会学会/有斐閣
雑誌
法社会学 (ISSN:04376161)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.2004, no.61, pp.92-110,217, 2004-09-30 (Released:2010-04-15)
参考文献数
42

This paper analyzes the practice of legal assistants at law firms in Japan. Lawyers sometimes say that legal assistants should acquire more legal knowledge and legal skill than now for the rational management of law firms. The process of providing legal services at law firms is constructed not only of legal knowledge and legal skill, but also of many communications among lawyers, clients and legal assistants. This paper argues that, for lawyers, teamwork with legal assistants is an important part of reasonable legal practice.
著者
秋元 肇
出版者
分子科学会
雑誌
Molecular Science (ISSN:18818404)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.9, no.1, pp.A0079, 2015 (Released:2015-08-31)
参考文献数
71

In recent years much of interest in atmospheric chemistry has been focused on atmospheric aerosols. In this article, laboratory kinetic studies and related quantum chemical theoretical studies on typical processes of formation and transformation of organic aerosols have been reviewed. Specifically, it targets on the topics of heterogeneous reactions of atmospheric O3 and OH with organic compounds at the surface of aerosols, and aqueous-phase reactions of dialdehydes (glyoxal and methylglyoxal) in cloud and aerosol particles. In order to attain better understanding on such processes, fundamental studies based on molecular science are needed, and closer collaboration between atmospheric chemistry and theoretical computational chemistry is proposed.