著者

Urano Satoshi Fukatsu Yukinori

出版者

Seikokai Shuppan

著者

若槻内閣編纂會 編纂

出版者

若槻内閣編纂會

巻号頁・発行日

1931

著者

小川 岳人

出版者

日本植物生理学会

雑誌

日本植物生理学会年会およびシンポジウム 講演要旨集 第51回日本植物生理学会年会要旨集

巻号頁・発行日

pp.0345, 2010 (Released:2010-11-22)

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シロイヌナズナの外部形態は生育環境に応じて適切に変化する。なかでも光条件と生育温度は、胚軸伸長ならびに葉柄伸長に大きく影響する環境要素である。近年、細胞伸長の正の制御因子である Phytochrome Interacting Factor4 (PIF4)が光シグナル伝達経路と温度シグナル伝達経路の共通因子として機能することが明らかとなった。我々は、光と温度による PIF4の機能制御機構を解明することを目的として研究を行っている。PIF4タンパク質がPhytocrome依存的に赤色光照射によって分解されることはよく知られた現象であるが、本発表では、青色光条件下および低温(16℃)条件下においてもPIF4タンパク質が不安定化することを報告する。恒常的に PIF4を発現させたシロイヌナズナを用いた実験から、これらの不安定化は 26Sプロテアソームを介した分解によるものであることが分かった。また、青色光による分解は光量依存的であり、赤色光による分解と同様に PIF4の Active Phytocrome Binding (APB)ドメインを必要とした。一方、低温による分解には APBドメインを必要としなかったことから、光による分解と低温による分解は異なるメカニズムによって引き起こされると示唆された。

著者

福居 篤子 藤井 隆太 砂田 久一

雑誌

薬剤学 = Journal of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Japan (ISSN:03727629)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.60, no.1, pp.62-70, 2000-03-20

参考文献数

19

被引用文献数

8

著者

李 正吉 岩田 正利

出版者

園藝學會

雑誌

園芸学会雑誌 (ISSN:00137626)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.51, no.2, pp.237-243, 1982

被引用文献数

5

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ナス'黒光新2号'の果実を4°Cに貯蔵し, ピッティング, 褐変などの低温障害を発生させ, その過程における果皮部, 果肉部の組織形態的変化を13°C区を対照として比較した. さらに褐変発生とフェノール性物質ならびにポリフェノール•オキシグーゼとの関係を検討した.<br>1. ピッティング発生前に, 表皮下3~10層目の一部の柔細胞ではすでに原形質分離を起こしていた. 発生の初期段階では, まず表皮下約8~10層目の2~3層の, 原形質分離を起こしている柔細胞が扁平化した. ピッティング程度が進むに伴い, 上記の扁平化細胞は褐変すると共に表皮方向ならびに表皮と平行方向に増加した. 最終段階では表皮細胞まで原形質分離, 扁平化おらびに褐変を生じ, さらに表皮下15~20層の柔細胞にまで及んだ. また, 褐変した細胞内には黄褐色の粒状体が認められたが, 特に表皮付近の柔細胞に多かった.<br>2. 果皮部がピッティングを生じないで褐変する場合にも, 組織形態的変化はピッティング発生の場合とほとんど同様で, 細胞が扁平化しないだけが異なった.<br>3. 果肉部の柔細胞では褐変前に核が一時的に膨脹したが, その後褐変すると, 柔細胞の原形質分離と共に縮小した.<br>4. ナス果実中のセなフェノール性物質はクロロゲン酸と思われ, 維管束組織, 種子中に多く存在し, 果皮部にはアントシアンのほかに, クロロゲン酸以外のフェノール性物質の存在が推定された. また, ポリフェノール•オキシターゼ活性も果皮部, 果肉部, 維管束組織, 種子中に見出された.<br>5. 低温貯蔵中に, 褐変が生ずるとフェノール性物質検出試薬に対する各組織の呈色反応は不明瞭になったが, ポリフェノール•オキシダーゼ活性は幾分認められた.

著者

趙 冲 布野 修司 川井 操 張 鷹

出版者

日本建築学会

雑誌

日本建築学会計画系論文集 (ISSN:13404210)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.80, no.710, pp.777-784, 2015 (Released:2015-05-12)

参考文献数

9

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This paper discusses house types and their transformation of Kaifeng city in Henan (China), which is known as the capital city of Bei Son dynasty. Authors selected a she qu(Community) of former walled city in the central district of Kaifeng, which is called Xue yuan men shequ atpresent, as an intensive field study and clarified the types of dwelling units and the transformation process. The spatial formation of Keifeng at Bei Song dynasty is identified on the present map based on the newest archeological findings. However Kaifeng at that time is buried several meters under the present ground level by many floods. The urban tissues we see now, is formed after flood in 1841. The central area of old castle was still occupied by low rise houses and shop houses until the end of 20th century, but was drastically changed by redevelopment program introducing high rise apartment houses. This paper clarified the changes among decade 2000-2010 as for the targeted area. There existed old traditional form of siheyuan (Chinese quadrangle dwellings), siheyuan like Liu family residence which is only one example left in the area. Most of siheyuan had been destroyed or is shared by several families. This paper classified 103 dwelling units we measured into five groups according to number of rooms and discusses the extension process of living space.

著者

趙 冲 于 航 布野 修司 川井 操

出版者

日本建築学会

雑誌

日本建築学会計画系論文集 (ISSN:13404210)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.78, no.685, pp.519-526, 2013-03-30 (Released:2013-06-03)

参考文献数

21

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This paper discusses formation and transformation of Kaifeng city in Henan(China), which is known as the capital city of Bei Son dynasty. Authors selected the old castle district of the central part of Kaifeng, which is called Wen shu si & Xue yuan men she qu at present, as an intensive field study and clarified thetransformation process of spatial formation. The spatial formation of Keifeng at Bei Song dynasty is identified on the present map based on the newest archeological findings. However Kaifeng at that time is buried several meters under the present ground level by many floods. The urban tissues we see now, is formed after flood in 1841. This paper clarified the transformation of Kaifeng inner castle since mid-19th century through the old map and especially the changes among decade 2000-2010 as for the targeted area. re exist three types. The form of si he yuan is disappearing although only one is left in the area. Most of shou-jin-liao were divided and shared. The central area of old castle was still occupied by low rise houses and shop houses until the end of 20th century, but was drastically changed by redevelopment program introducing high rise apartment houses.

著者

尾形 善之 鈴木 秀幸

出版者

一般社団法人植物化学調節学会

雑誌

植物の生長調節 (ISSN:13465406)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.52, no.2, pp.117-122, 2017 (Released:2018-01-12)

参考文献数

13

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Since the decoding of Arabidopsis genome, big data of plant genes have been accumulated in public data bank and the expression of these genes have been analyzed. By revealing relationships between the genes, co-expressed genes can be detected and thus, knowledge on the functionality of the genes can be obtained. To reveal such relationships, we have developed ConfeitoGUIplus that is a toolkit to detect relationships between elements based on network analysis. Here, we summarize the way to use this toolkit and introduce several examples of Arabidopsis gene expression datasets by focusing Myb transcription factors. ConfeitoGUIplus can be used not only for gene expression but also for other datasets such as the accumulation of metabolites. Although the present version of ConfeitoGUIplus only accepts a two-dimensional matrix containing elements and variates, in the near future, a correlation matrix such as relationships in gene homology and in molecular structure of metabolites will be acceptable to the toolkit.

出版者

麻布大学

巻号頁・発行日

2016

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IntroductionChytrid fungs (Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis: Bd) is emerging pathogen that associated with global decline of amphibian species and individuals. We detected chytridiomycosis at first in Japan and in Asia in 2006. The Japanese field survey and pathological examination detected 2 differences with large scale damaged foreign countries; the amphibian mass die-off from Bd epidemic has not detected and diversity of Bd haplotype of Japan were higher than that of damaged foreign countries. These situations were similar in the Asian foreign countries where have not damaged by Bd. Thus, the hypothesis: Bd originated from Asia and Japan (Bd originated Asia hypothesis) has occurred, but this hypothesis has not concluded because Bd plevarence in Asia is very low and it had passed only short term after Bd detected in Asia. On the other hand, pathogenesis of chytridiomycosis has not yet been completely clarified because it is only observed cause of death known that infected frog dead by osmotic imbalance through loss of electrolytes and cardiac arrest after effected skin chytridiomycosis. To clarify pathogenesis of chytridiomycosis, disruption of amphibian unique physiological function by chytridiomycosis must be observed because the integument of frog is a site of regulated transport for water, ions (electrolytes) and respiratory gases. The aim of this study was to identify the origin of Bd by detecting distribution and genetic analysis of Bd in Japan with in mind that Bd originated Asia hypothesis. And to reveal pathogenesis of skin chytridiomycosis focused on the water channel, aquaporin (AQP) that amphibian unique physiological function.Chapter 1. Confirming of oral chytridiomycosis in bullfrog (Lithobates catesbeiana) larvae and establishment of Bd examination method We examined bullfrog (Lithobates catesbeiana) larvae (tadpole) usability as monitor of Bd field survey, since the reasons as follows. Bullfrog distributed over Japan widley, and it is known that this animal harbor Bd highly and its variety of haplotype is widely. We can capture bullfrog tadpole easily, and only examine the larval mouthparts that only distributed keratinized layer that area of Bd infection. Additionally, we established the examination method which can detect Bd infection exactly in this capter. Fifty nine wild-captured bullfrog tadpole mouthparts underwent macroscopic, histopathological examination and nested PCR. Macroscopic lesions were observed in 21 of 59 tadpoles, and its 20 tadpoles were detected Bd infection by nested PCR and/or histopathological examination. Seventeen in 38 tadpoles that were not observed macroscopic lesions, were detected Bd indection. Total prevalence was 62.7% in these tadpoles. The macroscopic lesion characters were depigmentation, thinning of pigmented layer and partial defect of jaw sheaths and whited tooth rows. We concluded that bullfrog tadpole is usable for Bd field survey because the animal is compromised host for Bd infection and its mouthparts legion is easily detected by macroscopic examination. To establish the usable examination method, we compared nested PCR (materials: swab and mouthparts) and histopathological examination of mouthparts. One hundred twenty wild-captured bullfrogs from 2 habitas were divided into 2 groups, each group were 60 individuals, because we unable to conduct all examination methods to same one tadpole. The group 1 was sampled mouthparts swab and dissected mouthparts, and conducted nested PCR. Another group were conducted histopathological examination. Detection rate of each examination was high in order of swab nested PCR (67%), mouthparts nested PCR (65%) and histopathological examination (33%). The mouthparts nested PCR was recommended as Bd survey, however, sensitivity of swab nested PCR was higher than that of mouthparts nested PCR, because the sampling of swab was effected by sampling techniques. We concluded that collecting bullfrog tadpole mouthparts and conduct nested PCR can detect Bd infection situation in Japanese field. Chapter 2. Seasonality of Bd infection of bullfrog tadpole To decide term of Bd field survey, we detected seasonality of Bd infection of bullfrog tadpole. We collected 15 or 30 tadpoles in even months without December 2012, and totally 345 tadpoles were collected in between December 2011 and June 2014. The prevalence rate at each collected month was detected by nested PCR of mouthparts of these tadpoles. The seasonality of Bd prevalence in Japanese bullfrog was revealed: the highest prevalence was April and June that average prevalence was 79%, the lowest prevalence was Augst and October that has not detected Bd infection. February and December detected Bd infection, however, the prevalence of these months were different in collected year that 7 to 63%. Bd infection dynamic cycle amoung the year is seems that Bd grows and diffuses in winter to next spring, and largely decreases in summer that temperature is higher than that of Bd growth optimal temperature, and grows in late autum to winter. We decided that sampling Bd survey conduct between February and June as described above.Chapter 3. Distribution and haplotype of Bd infected in bullfrog in Japanese field We surveyed the Bd situation in Japan such as prevalence and Bd haplotype that infected in wild-captued bullfrog in Japan. 2012 and 2013, we collected 835 tadpoles from 44 areas of 26 counties, between February and June in each year. We conducted nested PCR from these samples, and determined the ITS gene region sequence from Bd positive samples, and conducted phylogenetic analysis with Bd that has been detected in previous studies. Bd detected 266 individuals (32%) from 29 areas of 19 counties. The average prevalence was 51% (3 to 100%) in detected Bd areas. Sixty eight samples were detected sequence from 266 samples and were distinguished 41 haplotypes. Six types were already isolated haplotypes; Bd global pendemic lineage (A type: 19, CW34 Clone N: 1 sample), isolated in China (Bd50: 1, Bd41: 1 sample) and isolated in Japan (P type: 2, Z type: 2 samples). The other 35 types were newly identified haplotypes in this study. Interestingly, A type was detected highly and distributed widely in Japan. We conducted phylogenetic analysis by neighbor-joining method with Bd which isolated in previous study such as China, Africa, Brazil, Australia, Ecuador and Texas. Distinguishable areal difference was not observed in clade of phylogenetic tree, and partial clade was included with Chinese haplotypes. These result likely suggest that Bd is originated from Asia and Japan, and this pathogen seems to coevolved with host amphibians for long history.Chapter 4. The effect on skin water absorption by Bd infection To clarify the pathogenesis of chytridiomycosis, we performed skin water permeability test and histopathological examination of skin and biochemical test with animal experiment. Ten frogs, Litoria caerulea from commercial market were eradiated Bd because some were already infected, and randomly assigned to exposure and control groups (each group were 5 frogs). Infection group frogs were exposed Bd via shallow immersion in bath of diluted water containing 1 ×106, 5,000 or 6,000 zoospores per 1ml. After 24 h frogs were moved to fresh container and keep 6 days. Control group were immersed in diluted water for 24 h, and keep 6 days similarly. Thigh and dorsal skins were sampled and conducted water mermeability test using a modified Ussing chamber. Ventral and dorsal skins were conducted histopathological examination. And collected blood was conducted biochemical test. To obtain Bd infection, we examined skin of all frogs, and conducted nested PCR of 5 frog skins (infection group:3, control group: 2). Three of 5 frogs of infection group showed severe skin sloughing, and 1 frog was assossiated with anorexia and lethargy. Two of 5 frogs of infection group were obtained Bd infection by histopathological examination or nested PCR. Disruption of water regulatory function via thigh skin was observed: water absorption associated arginine vasotocin (AVT) reactive AQPa2s(AQP6vs) significantly decreased, however, water absorption associated with AQP3 that permeable with or without AVT stimulation significantly increased. Dorsal skin water permeability was not observed in all animals. Histologically, thicknning of stratum corneum and skin epidermal hyperplasia of both thigh and dorsal skin were observed in infected frogs, but not detected significant differences. The osomorality, Na, K and Cl level decreased slightly, and Mg and Ca level significantly decreased in biochemical test.

著者

座長:平野 滋 原 浩貴

出版者

日本口腔・咽頭科学会

雑誌

口腔・咽頭科 (ISSN:09175105)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.29, no.3, pp.391-392, 2016-08-10 (Released:2016-10-25)

著者

坂本 敏郎

出版者

日本動物心理学会

雑誌

動物心理学研究 (ISSN:09168419)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.66, no.1, pp.59-75, 2016

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Eyeblink conditioning is an associative learning paradigm in which an association is formed by the paired presentation of a neutral conditioned stimulus (CS), such as a tone, and an unconditioned stimulus (US), such as a corneal air puff or a periorbital shock. In the rabbit, cerebellum-brainstem circuitry plays an essential role in delay eyeblink conditioning, in which the US is delayed and terminates simultaneously with the CS. However, the neural mechanisms underlying delay eyeblink conditioning in mice and rats are unclear. In addition to cerebellum-brainstem circuitry, the amygdala is reportedly important for delay eyeblink conditioning in the mouse and rat. Here, we review the neural mechanisms underlying delay eyeblink conditioning in the rabbit, mouse, and rat, discussing relevant neural circuitry specific to mice and rats versus rabbits. We also review the neural circuitry underlying trace eyeblink conditioning, in which the CS and US are separated by a stimulus-free trace interval. The forebrain and cerebellar-brainstem circuitries are important for trace eyeblink conditioning in the rabbit, mouse, and rat. This review provides useful information for future research on eyeblink conditioning and for understanding neural substrates subserving learning and memory.

著者

近藤 格

出版者

日本電気泳動学会

雑誌

電気泳動 (ISSN:21892628)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.61, no.1, pp.17-21, 2017 (Released:2017-07-25)

参考文献数

5

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プロテオーム解析による早期診断のバイオマーカー開発は盛んに行われてきた.しかし,臨床的な有用性が証明されて病院で使用されているものは未だ存在しない.それは,研究室でのバイオマーカー開発の限界に起因する.研究室では,常に同数に近いがん患者と非がん患者(あるいは健常者)のサンプルが比較される.しかし,通常の健康診断であれば,圧倒的にがん患者の方が少ない.そのため,実験室の条件では感度・特異度の高い早期診断バイオマーカーであっても,現実の世界ではたくさんの間違った検査結果を導くことになる.同数に近い数で発生する事象を検出ないし予測するバイオマーカーを研究対象として設定することが,現実的である.例えば,予後,再発,治療抵抗性を予測するバイオマーカーである.病態や罹患数など検査での運用を想定した臨床的な視点からバイオマーカー開発を捉えることが,成功するバイオマーカー開発のポイントではないだろうか.

著者

糸井 史朗

出版者

公益社団法人 日本農芸化学会

雑誌

化学と生物 (ISSN:0453073X)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.52, no.6, pp.403-407, 2014-06-01 (Released:2015-06-01)

参考文献数

11

著者

福井県 編

出版者

福井県

巻号頁・発行日

vol.昭和10年, 1936

著者

安藤 拓生 八重樫 文

出版者

立命館大学経営学会

雑誌

立命館経営学

巻号頁・発行日

vol.55, no.4, pp.85-111, 2017-01

著者

河竹繁俊 著

出版者

三省堂出版

巻号頁・発行日

1949

著者

Hisao MIYANO

出版者

The Society of Instrument and Control Engineers

雑誌

Transactions of the Society of Instrument and Control Engineers (ISSN:04534654)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.23, no.4, pp.394-399, 1987-04-30 (Released:2009-03-27)

参考文献数

13

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This paper describes a new parameter estimation method for weighted euclidean distance model, in which individual configurations obtained from multidimensional scaling are directly fitted to some common space. The new method is based on an alternating least squares estimation method, and is easily extended for more general weighted euclidean model. Validity of the method is illustrated by using and analyzing a set of artificial data and color perception data.

著者

加藤 総夫

出版者

日本理学療法士学会

雑誌

理学療法学 (ISSN:02893770)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.42, no.8, pp.665-666, 2015 (Released:2016-01-15)

参考文献数

15

著者

佐倉政蔵 (血涙居士) 著

出版者

能勢土岐太郎

巻号頁・発行日

1888

著者

大久 長範 鈴木 直樹 斉藤 毅 畑中 和成 佐々木 準哉 西川 正純

出版者

The Japan Society of Cookery Science

雑誌

日本調理科学会誌 = Journal of cookery science of Japan (ISSN:13411535)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.46, no.4, pp.287-291, 2013-08-05

参考文献数

19

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高電圧マイナスイオン発生器を油フライヤーに使用したときの油の酸化劣化を評価した。500nmにおける吸光度,トランス脂肪酸の生成は高電圧マイナスイオン発生器を作動させると進行が抑制された。食パンの揚げ試験において,対照に比べ高電圧マイナスイオン発生器の使用では有意に水分含量の低下が認められた。高電圧マイナスイオン発生器の使用により14種の油臭成分が半減することが示された。高電圧マイナスイオン発生器を作動させると槽内の温度が速やかに低下する傾向があり,槽内の油の流動が高まっていると考えられた。