著者

Takashi Yasukawa Yasuyuki Nakahara Jun Hirai Yoshihiro H. Inoue

出版者

日本遺伝学会

雑誌

Genes & Genetic Systems (ISSN:13417568)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.90, no.1, pp.11-20, 2015-02-01 (Released:2015-06-25)

参考文献数

62

被引用文献数

1 6

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Reactive oxygen species (ROS) generated during energy production processes are a major cause of oxidative DNA damage. A DNA glycosylase encoded by the Ogg1 gene removes oxidized guanine bases and is widely conserved. However, the biological role of the gene in individual organisms has not yet been characterized in Drosophila, which is a suitable model to study the influence of oxidative damage on senescence. Here, we performed a genetic analysis to confirm that Ogg1 plays an essential role in the removal of 8-oxo-guanines from nuclei. We first confirmed by quantitative real-time PCR that Ogg1 mRNA expression was reduced by 30–55% in Ogg1 mutants and in flies expressing inducible Ogg1 dsRNA compared to control flies. We then showed that additional accumulation of 8-oxo-guanines occurred in the nuclei of epithelial midgut cells after paraquat feeding in flies with downregulated Ogg1 expression. We confirmed that a transposon possessing the UAS sequence was integrated in the 5′-UTR of the Ogg1 alleles and that it is oriented in the same transcriptional direction as the gene. Using the Gal4/UAS system, which enables us to induce ectopic expression in Drosophila, we induced overexpression of Ogg1 by 40-fold. We observed a lower amount of 8-oxo-guanine in the midgut epithelial cells of adults overexpressing Ogg1. These genetic data strongly suggest that the Drosophila Ogg1 ortholog CG1795 plays an essential role in the suppression of 8-oxo-guanines, consistent with its role in other organisms. Although adult flies with reduced Ogg1 expression failed to show elevated sensitivity to paraquat, those with Ogg1 overexpression showed resistance to oxidative stress by paraquat feeding and had a significantly longer lifespan in normal feeding conditions. These observations are consistent with the hypothesis that oxidative DNA damage by ROS accumulation is a major contributor to senescence.

著者

千葉 廸夫 安倍 十三夫

出版者

日本胸部外科学会

雑誌

日本胸部外科学会雑誌 (ISSN:03694739)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.28, no.12, pp.p1840-1854, 1980-12

著者

山崎 正勝

出版者

日本科学史学会

雑誌

科学史研究. 第II期 (ISSN:00227692)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.40, no.218, pp.87-96, 2001-06-28

被引用文献数

1

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Soon after the dropping of the Hiroshima bomb, Yoshio Nishina, an experimental physicist who was in charge of the Army's development of nuclear weapons at Riken, the Institute of Physical and Chemical Research, could understand that it was an atomic bomb because its energy release given in Truman's statement coincided with the one that his colleague Hidehiko Tamaki estimated a few years ago. This suggests that they knew of the magnitude of nuclear explosions. Uraniumu bakudan (uranium bomb), Japanese physicists' bomb at the time, is, however, known to be a kind of nuclear reactor out of control. The "bomb" of this kind is not very powerful because it is based on a slow-neutron reaction. This paper challenges to reproduce Japanese physicists' calculations at the time, and shows that they thought that they could explode their uraniumu bakudan, a slow- reactor bomb, with a quite high efficiency. This led them to expect that the energy release from their bomb would be of 20 K ton TNT equivalence that accidentally coincided with the energy release of the Hiroshima bomb.

著者

久保天随 (得二) , 青木存義 校訂

出版者

広文館

巻号頁・発行日

vol.第2冊 石田軍記,太平記 上, 1911

著者

杉田 久志 岩本 宏二郎 森澤 猛

出版者

森林総合研究所

雑誌

森林総合研究所研究報告 (ISSN:09164405)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.7, no.2, pp.81-89, 2008-06

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御嶽山南東面の密なチマキザサ林床をもつコメツガ、トウヒ、シラビソ、オオシラビソの混交した亜高山帯針葉樹林において、50m×50mの調査プロットを設置し、林分構造と8年間の動態を解析した。林冠層は隙間が多く、その面積比率は32%であった。シラビソとオオシラビソはL字型の胸高直径階分布を示し、コメツガとトウヒは一山型の林冠木集団とL字型の被陰木集団とが分離する分布を示した。コメツガとトウヒは根返りマウンドや根張り上で定着したもの、あるいはタコ足形態のものが多く、地表で定着したものはほとんどなかった。シラビソとオオシラビソは地表で定着したものが比較的多くみられたが、その割合はシラビソで15%、オオシラビソで35%にすぎず、大半は根返りマウンド、根張り、岩の上に定着したもの、あるいはタコ足状形態のものであった。モミ属樹種の定着場所が地表以外の基質に偏ることは、密なチマキザサによる地表での定着阻害が林分構造に影響していることを示唆する。1998~2006年の林分全体の死亡率、加入率(胸高直径5cm以上)、胸高断面積の減少率、増加率はそれぞれ0.60%/年、1.44%/年、0.91%/年、0.96%/年であった。樹種別にみると、トウヒのみで死亡率・減少率が加入率・増加率を上回り、その他の樹種は逆の関係を示した。

著者

田代 洋一

出版者

大妻女子大学

雑誌

大妻女子大学紀要. 社会情報系, 社会情報学研究 (ISSN:13417843)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.22, pp.49-72, 2013

著者

大武 美保子

出版者

一般社団法人日本機械学会

雑誌

日本機械学會誌 (ISSN:00214728)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.115, no.1122, pp.327-330, 2012-05-05

著者

島田 恵司

出版者

地方自治総合研究所

雑誌

自治総研 (ISSN:09102744)

巻号頁・発行日

no.421, pp.1-44, 2013-11

著者

添谷 芳秀

出版者

JAPAN ASSOCIATION OF INTERNATIONAL RELATIONS

雑誌

国際政治 (ISSN:04542215)

巻号頁・発行日

no.116, pp.114-129,L12, 1997

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This article examines the role of ASEAN in the new order building process in the Asia-Pacific region within the context of U. S. overall policy toward the region after the end of the Cold War.<br>Today's Asia-Pacific region is in the middle of a protracted transitional period from the end of the Cold War to a new order which will eventually replace the Cold War order but has yet to take shape. The process is characterized by a dual structure of flux: a shifting balance of power among major powers, and the increasing capacity of ASEAN countries to influence the order building process at the ASEAN Regional Forum (ARF). Seen this way, ARF embodies a restructuring of relations between external powers and smaller ASEAN countries.<br>In this context, U. S. Asia-Pacific policy under the Clinton administration was presented as a comprehensive one, emphasizing bilateral alliances and U. S. forward deployed forces, on the one hand, and multilateral security cooperation at ARF, on the other. A catalyst of this comprehensive approach was a long-term concern about an emerging China, in which the importance of ASEAN has steadily grown.<br>ASEAN countries clearly recognize that they cannot affect the final result of the balance of power game among big powers. Nonetheless, as long as today's transitional process continues, ASEAN can play a role in engaging external powers in their initiatives at ARF. For ASEAN to succeed in this, some extent of institutionalization of the ARF process is inevitable. With ARF covering the entire Asia-Pacific region, the "ASEAN-way" of building a Southeast Asian community by informal gradualism now faces an important turning point.

著者

三宅 諭

出版者

THE ASSOCIATION OF RURAL PLANNING

雑誌

農村計画学会誌 = Journal of Rural Planning Association (ISSN:09129731)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.31, no.4, pp.549-552, 2013-03-30

被引用文献数

2

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In this paper, I introduced the revival pattern which municipalities are planning which was reported by Ministry of Land, Infrastructure, Transport and Tourism. <br>Next, I arranged the means of housing relocation and reconstruction that can be use with recovery projects. <br>Then I showed various issues which should be studied in relocation of the residence by group move and the plan process of reconstruction. Moreover it not only summarizes a resident's view, but it is a specialist's important role to tell a resident feasibility.

著者

三宅 諭

出版者

農村計画学会

雑誌

農村計画学会誌 = Journal of Rural Planning Association (ISSN:09129731)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.31, no.4, pp.549-552, 2013-03-30

参考文献数

2

被引用文献数

2

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In this paper, I introduced the revival pattern which municipalities are planning which was reported by Ministry of Land, Infrastructure, Transport and Tourism. <br>Next, I arranged the means of housing relocation and reconstruction that can be use with recovery projects. <br>Then I showed various issues which should be studied in relocation of the residence by group move and the plan process of reconstruction. Moreover it not only summarizes a resident's view, but it is a specialist's important role to tell a resident feasibility.

著者

合田 洋 ゴウダ ヒロシ

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11197

著者

小坂谷福治著

出版者

上平村教育委員会

巻号頁・発行日

2002

著者

窪 幸治

出版者

岩手県立大学

雑誌

総合政策 (ISSN:13446347)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.15, no.2, pp.213-222, 2014-03

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本稿は、復興過程における土地の利用調整のための制度の今後の発展可能性を探るため、現行法制上の限界がどこにあるかを導き、立法上の指針を示すため、憲法上の制約、現行各法制とのバランス、東日本大震災における都市法制の刷新について概観した。まず、憲法29条は公共の福祉への適合という制約の下、財産権の形成の自由を立法府に与え、それを具体化した土地基本法は、土地の特性を踏まえた適正・計画的利用、開発利益の社会還元や受益者負担を土地に関する原則として掲げており、未だ抽象的ではあるが、土地利用調整の可能性は相当広いものと言える。さらなる具体化には、従来の法制における規制の目的、程度、手続保障等との均衡をとる必要があり、各法制から今後の検討素材を抽出した。都市法制の刷新としては、復興特区法により都市計画がない地域、農業利用が中心となる農業振興地域も含め、復興ニーズを起点とした復興整備計画の下、土地の計画的利用の途を開いた点が評価されよう。もっとも、復興まちづくりを住民主導で果たすための集団的な自己決定や、個人への直接的な支援をもたらすための生存権の論理(憲法25条)の強調など、残された課題が浮かび上がった。

著者

荒野 泰典 アラノ ヤスノリ Yasunori Arano

出版者

立教大学史学会

雑誌

史苑 (ISSN:03869318)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.73, no.1, pp.25-72, 2013-01

著者

東 望歩 AZUMA Miho

出版者

名古屋大学高等研究教育センター

雑誌

名古屋高等教育研究 (ISSN:13482459)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.14, pp.157-175, 2014-03 (Released:2014-04-17)

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本稿は、大学国際化に対応するアカデミックキャリア形成支援のあり方について考察することを目的としている。PFF研修「英語で教える」の実施内容と研修受講者に対して行ったアンケート調査から、研修で得られた成果と今後の課題について考察した。2012 年度、名古屋大学文学研究科に所属する大学院生および博士研究員を対象として実施した本研修の特徴は、人文学系、とくに日本文化や日本文学・語学に関する研究を行う大学院生・博士研究員を研修対象としたことに加え、レクチャー受講、実践的指導、公開セミナーの実施という三段階設計、各段階で英語による授業を行うことに対する不安を軽減・解消するための指導やサポートを十分に準備したことがあげられる。本研修は、大学国際化に対応するアカデミックキャリア形成を考えていくための契機として有効に機能すると同時に、英語による授業に限定しない教育能力の開発・向上にも高い効果を得られることが確認できた。長期的な研修にかかる提供者・参加者双方のコスト、研修目標の具体的な設定や研修対象の拡大等が今後の課題である。This study examines problems with the support program for academic career development in university internationalization. It validates the specific process of the “Teaching in English” program for preparing future faculty, from planning to implementation, and analyzes a survey of participants to identify results and future tasks. This program was conducted for graduate students and postdoctoral fellows specializing in humanities, studying Japanese language, literature, and culture. In the first stage, they attended lectures on teaching in English. In the second stage, they attempted to teach in English, and received practical instructions about teaching in English. In the final stage, they taught international students in English. Course contents, instruction, suggestions, and support were provided at each phase to eliminate or reduce participants’ uneasy feelings. This program served as a starting point for planning graduate students’ academic career in university internationalization and as faculty development, but was not limited to teaching in English. The program had several problems. The participants and provider needed considerable time and effort for the tasks because this program is characteristic of long-term and gradual training. We should ensure the program’s continuity, and clarify its objectives and priorities.

著者

武部 健一

出版者

Japan Society of Civil Engineers

雑誌

土木学会論文集 (ISSN:00471798)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.1967, no.144, pp.27-38, 1967-08-20 (Released:2009-12-18)

出版者

小学館

巻号頁・発行日

1948

著者

山口 剛史

出版者

皇學館大学

雑誌

基盤研究(C)

巻号頁・発行日

2015-04-01

著者

北田 正弘 高妻 洋成 建石 徹

出版者

公益社団法人 日本金属学会

雑誌

日本金属学会誌 (ISSN:00214876)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.79, no.8, pp.404-412, 2015 (Released:2015-08-01)

参考文献数

15

被引用文献数

2 4

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The Takamatsuzuka tumulus was constructed in the 7th to 8th centuries at Asuka in Nara prefecture. The mural and wall surfaces are soiled and deteriorated by rainwater, mold, and other causes. The mural is painted on the stone wall that is coated with stucco. The stone walls are jointed with masonry joint stucco. The purpose of this investigation is to clarify the composition, crystal structure, and other material factors of the surface contaminant layer on the joint stucco. An X-ray computer tomography, an X-ray diffractometer, a scanning electron microscope, and a transmission electron microscope are utilized to examine the microstructure. The contaminant layer thickness is 0.2-0.3 mm. Kaolinite, muscovite, montmorillonite, hematite and a few silicates are detected from the contaminant layer. The compounds detected are constituents of soil-like clay, and most of them contain Fe. By transmission electron microscopy observation, the contaminant layer is found to consist of fine mineral grains, as mentioned above, most of which are acicular. The acicular grain size is approximately 0.2-1 μm in length and 0.015-0.2 μm in width. The grains are in a row parallel to the layer surface. The hematite grains are circular with diameters of 15-250 nm. In addition, iron titanate is observed. The yellowish brown color of the stucco surface is mainly due to iron ions contained in the above-mentioned compounds. It is thought that the grains deposited on the stucco surface from colloidal-like water containing the above-mentioned fine grains.