著者
片岡 信之
出版者
JAPAN ASSOCIATION OF INTERNATIONAL RELATIONS
雑誌
国際政治 (ISSN:04542215)
巻号頁・発行日
no.93, pp.147-160,L16, 1990

Sufficient attention has not paid to the reproduction of labor in the literature of the capitalist world-system. But recently we can see a growing recognition of the fact that the availability of appropriate labor power is of primary importance for the accumulation of capital in a particular region. For example, international labor migration as one of the various forms of 'the global labor supply system' has attracted the increasing interest of international economics students.<br>This paper, inspired by this trend, attempts to analyze what I call 'the mechanisms of externalizing the cost of labor reproduction' in the capitalist world-system. The relative cheapness of available labor, in addition to its quantity and quality, constitutes one of the essential requirements of an appropriate labor supply. Labor has been made cheap by imposing part of the reproduction cost upon the so-called 'non-capitalist' spheres.<br>On such mechanism is the 'functional dualism' between the capitalist sector and the rural subsistence economy in peripheral economies. The process of disintegration in the rural subsistence sector has been constrained, since this sector assumes the costs reproducing new generations of workers and absorbs those that have become redundant in the capitalist sector. This 'subsidy' paid by the subsistence sector is translated into the extremely low wages which characterize the peripheral economies.<br>Marxist feminism has emphasized the similar mechanism between the market and the home in center economies. Wage is only a monetary cost of reproduction and requires a lot of unpaid domestic work to accomplish a reproduction of labor meeting the hard demand of center economies. This non-monetary 'subsidy' overwhelmingly assumed by women helps lower the wage level relatively.<br>The present restructuring of the world economy called 'the new international division of labor' can be seen also as a restructuring of 'the mechanisms of externalizing the cost of labor reproduction.' The rural subsistence enclaves in the Third World are diminishing and the expanding informal sector in 'hyper-urbanized' cities functions as a substitute for the rural sectors. The penetration of transnational corporations caused and/or facilitated this transformation, indirectly through the cultural change of Third World societies, and directly through the employment of rural young women into TNCs' 'world market factories.'<br>Most women in these factories are fired around the age of 24. After that they tend to emigrate to developed countries where more and more cheap labor is needed because of the 'informalization' now under way in the process of industrial restructuring, or disappear into the informal sector of Third World cities.<br>Women have always disproportionately assumed the burden of externalized reproduction costs and the restructurings of these mechanisms have historically pivoted on women. This is true in the latest global restructuring which is at the same time a restructuring of the international political economy. Marxist feminism has much to offer concerning this.
著者
森安 竜大 若松 栄史 森永 英二 荒井 栄司 島田 茂樹 眞鍋 賢
出版者
一般社団法人 日本ロボット学会
雑誌
日本ロボット学会誌 (ISSN:02891824)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.30, no.8, pp.813-821, 2012 (Released:2012-11-15)
参考文献数
19
被引用文献数
1

A modeling method to represent bending/torsional deformation of an electric wire is proposed based on the differential geometry. A twisted wire called a robot cable is used in a prismatic/rotational joint of an industrial robot to transmit signals or electric power. It is composed of a twisted bunch of several strands of many copper wires. The copper wire may be cracked by repeated bending/torsional deformation associated with the movement of a joint and such crack leads to wiring disconnection. To predict the life-cycle of the wires and to prevent such wiring disconnection, it is required to estimate deformation of not only the strands but also the copper wires when the wire is bent/twisted. In this paper, the deformed shape of a wire, which corresponds to a twisted bunch of n strands, is described by 3+2n independent variables and can be derived by minimizing the potential energy of each strand under various constraints. As the relationship between copper wires and their strand is similar with that between strands and their twisted bunch, the deformed shape of each copper wire can be also derived with the same method.
著者
小粥 雅貴 若松 栄史 森永 英二 荒井 栄司 島田 茂樹 眞鍋 賢
出版者
一般社団法人 日本機械学会
雑誌
日本機械学会論文集 (ISSN:21879761)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.80, no.814, pp.TRANS0141-TRANS0141, 2014 (Released:2014-06-25)
参考文献数
12
被引用文献数
1

In this paper, a prediction method of the maximum principal strain of a core/shielding wire contained in a coaxial cable, which is related to the life-cycle of the wire, is proposed. If the central axis of a wire is assumed to be twisted around a virtual cylindrical surface when a coaxial cable is straight and a virtual toroidal surface when the cable is bent, the shape of the wire can be described by the first and the second fundamental form of their surfaces in the differential geometry. The potential energy of the wire, which is bent, twisted, expanded, and/or contracted, is also formulated based on the differential geometry. Friction of the wire against the virtual surface is modeled as a virtual spring in the circumferential direction of the surface and its elastic energy is included in the total potential energy of the wire. Then, the stable shape of the wire can be computed by minimizing its total potential energy under geometric constraints. After that, the maximum principal strain is estimated from the shape of the wire. As a result of simulation, it was founded that a core wire is broken by bending fatigue before the shielding wire is if they have the same radius and rigidity.
著者
福島 千恵子 杉浦 絹子 Fukushma Chieko Sugiura Kinuko
出版者
三重大学医学部看護学科
雑誌
三重看護学誌 (ISSN:13446983)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.14, no.1, pp.11-17, 2012-03-15
被引用文献数
1

非妊時の自己管理が良好ではなかった1型糖尿病をもつ女性の妊娠前から妊娠中期にかけての糖尿病自己管理に関する経験と思いを明らかにし,求められる援助について考察することを目的として,3名の女性を研究参加者として半構成的面接調査を行った.得られたデータを修正版グラウンデッドアプローチを用いて質的帰納的に分析した結果(カテゴリーは【 】,概念は〈 〉で示す),1型糖尿病をもつ女性たちにとって糖尿病治療は,妊娠する前から生命維持のために必須であり,妊娠する前には,糖尿病の自己管理は〈適当に糖尿病自己管理をおこなっていた〉状態であった.血糖コントロールが悪い状態での妊娠のため,〈予期せぬ妊娠への戸惑い〉が生じ,指定された期限までに〈妊娠継続の決断〉を迫られ,糖尿病合併妊娠の管理を専門とする医師のいる病院へ移ることを余儀なくされる.妊娠による代謝の変化や妊娠維持と,より正常な児を得るために,今までとは異なる厳格な管理が必要となり,〈これまでの感覚に基づいた自己管理方法が通用しない〉と感じ,大きな戸惑いを抱く.妊娠中期には,インスリン抵抗性の増大に伴うインスリン投与量の増加,糖尿病合併症・産科的合併症の出現や悪化により〈妊娠経過への不安〉や〈子どもへの影響に関する不安〉を強く抱く.〈自己管理できないではすまされない〉と実感する.しかし,〈子どもが胎内に存在する感覚〉をもつとともに【糖尿病をもっているがゆえにハイリスク妊婦である】と認識し,〈元気な子どもをもつことへのこだわり〉を持つ.そして〈子どものために頑張らないといけない〉と強く思い,家族や同じ疾患を持つ仲間の存在に支えられ,前向きに治療に取り組んでいく.以上より,1型糖尿病をもつ女性への援助においては,妊娠前は計画妊娠への援助,妊娠初期は妊娠継続するか否かの自己決定を支える援助と妊娠中の自己管理の受け入れへの援助,妊娠中期は妊娠期特有の管理への戸惑いと無力感及び不安の表出への援助であると考えられた.In this study, we conducted research for the purpose of clarifying the experiences and emotion from the pre-pregnancy to puerperal period of women with type 1 diabetes mellitus in terms of self-controlling of diabetes, and considering what kind of care is necessary. This paper is to clarify the experiences and emotion of women with type 1 diabetes mellitus in pre-pregnancy to the second trimester. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with three women with type 1 diabetes mellitus. The data obtained from the interviews were transcribed and then were analyzed qualitatively and inductively based on the Modified Grounded Theory Approach. 【 】shows category and 〈 〉 shows concept. Medical treatment of diabetes prior to pregnancy was necessary for women with type 1 diabetes mellitus in order to maintain their lives. From the viewpoint of self-monitoring of diabetes, therefore, they were in the situation that they barely managed to lead a normal life under diabetic treatment before pregnancy. Since they became pregnant in a condition of poorly-controlled blood glucose, they were 〈puzzled by the unexpected pregnancy〉. Moreover, they were under pressure to 〈decide whether to maintain their pregnancy or not〉 by the designated deadline and forced to move to the hospital with doctors specializing in pregnancy with diabetic complications. So it was necessary for them to conduct severe self-control, which was different than before, party because their pregnancy caused metabolic alteration, and partly because they needed to maintain their pregnancy to have a normal child. As a result, they were completely confused, feeling that 〈the self-control method based on the sense they had prior to pregnancy was not sufficient any longer〉 and 〈I must do self-controlling of diabetes〉. In the second trimester, they were puzzled or strongly concerned about the effects of insulin resistance, diabetic or obestetric complications which enhanced 〈their concern about their pregnancy course〉 and 〈a sence of strong anxiety about the impact of their illness on their children〉. However, they had 〈a sense that they were having a child inside their wombs〉 and also recognized that 【high risk pregnant women due to diabetes】, so that they were determined to have a healthy child. Therefore, they strongly believed that 〈they would have to hang in for their child〉 and had a positive attitude towards their medical treatment, supported by their family or fellow patients with the same illness. What is important for us to think in supporting women with type 1 diabetes mellitus is to help them plan their pregnancy before they become pregnant, determine whether to keep their pregnancy or not and accept self-control conducted during pregnancy in early pregnancy, and express their worries and helpless feeling about pregnancy-related management in mid pregnancy.
著者
森川 すいめい
出版者
青土社
雑誌
ユリイカ (ISSN:13425641)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.45, no.6, pp.56-63, 2013-05
著者
三河 佳紀
出版者
独立行政法人国立高等専門学校機構
雑誌
論文集「高専教育」 : kosen kyoiku (ISSN:03865681)
巻号頁・発行日
no.37, pp.581-586, 2014-03

In this paper, we describe the support method to students with developmental disorder in Tomakomai NationalCollege of Technology. Support needs of students with developmental disorder in higher education have been increasing.In this school, these students are increasing in number for the past a few years. There are many unsolved issues onproviding supports for students with developmental disorder, such as learning disorder, attention deficit hyperactivitydisorder, high functioning autism and asperger syndrome, although the support targeting developmental disorders startedfrom 2009 in this school. We have examined the support method to students with developmental disorder in practice ofinformation processing. This paper reports the support method currently practiced continuously and its effect.
著者
高木 清
出版者
愛知工業大学
雑誌
愛知工業大学研究報告 (ISSN:03856771)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.7, pp.263-271, 1972-03-30

高力Al第一種丸棒を超硬バイトで旋削した場合の構成刄先の性状を求める為,主として顕微鏡的観察により,実験し得た結果を綜合すると次の通りである.1)構成刄先は切削速度約IOOm/min以内で生成する.2)切削時間の構成刄先の高さに及ぼす関係は中速でほ高さはぼ一定で関係なく,低速に於ては高さの変動甚しく一定の関係を示さない.3)構成刄先先端部のすくい角は低速に於ては小さく,高速になるに従い大きくなるが一定の傾向は認められない.4)構成刄先背面の形状は地物線形をなすが,刄先の成長状態と関連が深い.5)構成刄先内部の切削線付近では母材の約2.5倍のかたさを有し,溶着状態を示すが,背面尾部に行くに従いかたさは低下し1.5倍程度となり,分裂層状が明白になる.
著者
市川 拓人 鈴木 基之 伊藤 彰則 牧野 正三
出版者
一般社団法人情報処理学会
雑誌
情報処理学会研究報告音楽情報科学(MUS) (ISSN:09196072)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.2007, no.81, pp.33-38, 2007-08-01
被引用文献数
3

本稿では,ピッチ抽出を行わないハミング入力楽曲検索システムについて検討する.ピッチ抽出は,どれほど高精度なものでもピッチ抽出誤りを避けることができず,検索精度を低下させる原因となっている.本システムでは,従来用いられているデルタピッチの代わりに,2つの対数周波数領域パワースペクトルの相互相関関数を音程特徴量として用い,さらに楽曲中に存在しているであろう全音程の確率モデルを用意しておく.連続する2つの音符が観測された時,この特徴量と確率モデルを用いて,全音程についての尤度を計算する.このシステムの利点は,統計的なモデル化を行うことにより,ピッチ抽出誤りのような致命的な誤りを起こしにくいということである.そして実際に検索実験を行ったところ,ピッチによる検索精度を最大4.9%上回る結果となった.This paper describes a query-by-humming (QbH) music information retrieval (MIR) system without pitch extraction. In pitch extraction based system, pitch extraction errors inevitably occur that degrades performance of the system. In this system, a cross-correlation function between two logarithmic frequency spectra is extracted as a tonal feature instead of deltaPitch, and probabilistic models are prepared for all tone intervals assumed to exist in the music. When two signals corresponding to two contiguous notes are given, likelihoods are calculated for all possibility of tone intervals. The advantage of this system is that it is hard to occur a fatal error such as a pitch extraction error because extracted features are modeled stochastically. From a experimented result, the top retrieval accuracy given by the proposed method have exceeded the system based pitch extraction by 4.9 %.
出版者
日経BP社
雑誌
日経ビジネス (ISSN:00290491)
巻号頁・発行日
no.1393, pp.28-30, 2007-05-28

「その日は長野で講演なんですわ。だから取材は教頭に任せます。ごめんなさい。今、新幹線なんです。また」 やっとつながった携帯電話の向こうで、恐らく日本で最も講演の依頼が来る校長は、忙しそうに電話を切った。「堀川の奇跡」で知られる京都市立堀川高等学校。その立役者、荒瀬克己。
著者
三好 征夫 桝田 佳寛 安田 正雪 荒金 直樹
出版者
公益社団法人日本コンクリート工学会
雑誌
コンクリート工学年次論文報告集 (ISSN:13404741)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.20, no.2, pp.361-366, 1998-06-30
被引用文献数
2

通常の強度レベルで目標スランプフローが450mmの,若干の締固めは必要であるが,流動性に優れ,じゃんかなどの施工欠陥を作りにくい分離低減剤を用いた準高流動コンクリートの開発を目標として,高性能AE減水剤や分離低減剤の使用量,粗骨材量を変化させて,スランプフローやVロート流下時間などのフレッシュ性状や硬化物性を検討した。この結果,準高流動コンクリートは,少量の分離低減剤を使用し,350〓/m3程度の粗骨材量で,建築用の軟練りのコンクリートと高流動コンクリートの中間に位置する諸性状を有することが明らかとなった。
著者
水間 幸大 加藤 富士夫 古田 真治 佐々木 一正
出版者
一般社団法人電子情報通信学会
雑誌
電子情報通信学会技術研究報告. OCS, 光通信システム (ISSN:09135685)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.102, no.265, pp.13-17, 2002-08-15
被引用文献数
5

光ファイバは,太い棒状のプリフォームと呼ばれる母材を作成し,その先端を加熱,軟化させ線引きすることにより作成される.母材の段階で形成される構造は線引き後も光ファイバに受け継がれることから母材の段階でどのような構造が形成されているかを測定することが光ファイバの製造工程における品質管理の上で不可欠となっている.著者等は,これまで,画像歪み解析処理を利用する新しい屈折率分布測定技術を開発してきたが,それらは母材の構造,すなわち製造方式に依存して選択するが必要であった.しかし,最近製造されている母材はさまざまな方式を組み合わせて作成されており,作成部分により構造も異なる.したがって,その構造がどんなんものか判断し,それに最適な測定法を選択して適用する必要がある.そこで,今回はそのような判断をインテリジェント方式と呼ぶこととし,その技術について検討を加え実用性を確認する.
出版者
日経BP社
雑誌
日経ヘルスケア (ISSN:18815707)
巻号頁・発行日
no.228, pp.22-25, 2008-10

開業から約20年。患者重視の診療・サービスに取り組み続けた医療法人・藤原ENTクリニックには、今日も1日200人の患者が来院する。患者の支持を集める秘密は、「患者が自分の家族だったら」との仮定の下で、何をすべきかを常に考えることにある。(文中敬称略) 藤原ENTクリニックの、患者満足度(CS)向上に取り組む上での基本的な考え方は、非常にシンプルだ。