著者
米倉 豊 北島 雄人 杉野 晴章
出版者
西日本整形・災害外科学会
雑誌
整形外科と災害外科 (ISSN:00371033)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.69, no.2, pp.256-259, 2020-03-25 (Released:2020-04-30)
参考文献数
6

【はじめに】外傷性足部腱断裂は比較的まれな疾患である.本研究では骨折のない外傷性足部腱断裂について調査し,検討した.【対象と方法】対象は2014年1月から2018年12月までに当院を受診され,骨折のない外傷性足部腱断裂と診断された4例であった.全例男性で平均年齢は56.8歳,平均経過観察期間90.5か月であった.新鮮例は3例で,陳旧例は1例であった.受傷原因と受傷部位,神経血管損傷の合併,手術までの期間,固定期間,荷重開始時期について調査した.【結果】受傷原因は草刈り機が2例,チェーンソーが1例,ガラスが1例であった.受傷部位は伸筋腱3例,屈筋腱1例であった.手術までの期間は新鮮例で0から1日,陳旧例は46日であった.固定期間と荷重開始時期はそれぞれ平均術後3週で,可動域訓練は全例術後より自動運動を開始した.術後経過は良好であった.良い術後成績を得るためには強固な腱縫合と早期の可動域訓練,適切な免荷が重要である.
著者
高瀬 文武
出版者
耳鼻と臨床会
雑誌
耳鼻と臨床 (ISSN:04477227)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.12, no.Supplement1, pp.52-75, 1966 (Released:2013-05-10)
参考文献数
46

Studies of the pharynx and soft palate, in connection with respiration, deglutition or articulation, have been greatly performed from the viewpoint of comparative anatomy or embryology; however, there are few topographic studies on the pharynx of the human adults. For this reason, the author investigated, macroscopically in principle and histologically in part, of the muscular, vascular and nervous system in both pharyngeal wall and soft palate, and considered physiological functions of the pharynx on the basis of the results obtained. Then a schematic diagram of the pharynx has been established from the anatomico-surgical point of view.Either the tongue, pharynx and larynx isolated en masse from the reserved 45 cadavers or the capital and cervical portions isolated in the mass from 2 cadavers were the material for the study. These materials were cut sagittally, and the states of blood vessels, nerves and muscles were observed from the inner surface of the pharynx under binocular stereomicroscope (10×, 24×and 60×). The results are as follows.1. It is concluded that Passavant's ridge is an elevation of the mucous membrane of the posterior pharyngeal wall produced by the contraction of the superficial portion of M. palatopharyngeus.2. In plastic surgery for cleft palate, a breaking of the hook of the pterygoid process in addition to a sufficient detachment of its basal portion may be necessary for decreasing the mechanical tension in the palatal region.3. In palato-pharyngoplasty (Schonborn-Rosenthal's method ), the superior based pharyngeal flap is significantly more effective in preventing atrophy than that from the inferior based pharyngeal flap, taking account of the site of entrance of blood vessels, because in the former not only the acquisition of the transplant with a stalk is easier but preservation of the blood vessels is better.
著者
柴 有香 桜井 慎一
出版者
Japan Society of Civil Engineers
雑誌
土木計画学研究・論文集 (ISSN:09134034)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.22, pp.297-303, 2005-10-31 (Released:2010-06-04)
参考文献数
5

全国各地の河川において親水テラス整備が進められる中で、橋梁の真下にあたる橋梁下空間は大部分が手付かずの状態で取り残されている。しかしながら、全国の行政機関のうち約8割もがゴミの不法投棄といった問題を橋梁下空間に認識していること、さらにはそれら問題が河川空間全体の質を左右することが本研究から明らかとなり、整備の必要性がないとは言い難いであろう。そこで本研究では橋梁下空間の整備を阻む事情やその要因を把握し、整備を進める上で取り組むべきと考えられる課題を示すことを目的とした。その結果、橋梁下空間と親水テラスとして整備される橋梁間とを一体的に捉えるといった認識改善が行政機関に求められることなどが明らかとなった。
著者
南谷 晴之
出版者
バイオメカニズム学会
雑誌
バイオメカニズム学会誌 (ISSN:02850885)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.21, no.2, pp.58-64, 1997-05-01 (Released:2016-11-01)
参考文献数
26
被引用文献数
7 5
著者
谷 初蔵 屋代 勉
出版者
公益社団法人 日本航海学会
雑誌
日本航海学会論文集 (ISSN:03887405)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.51, pp.17-25, 1974-07-31 (Released:2017-01-15)

It is generally recognized that the oportunities to use such conventional methods of communication as Flashing Light Signalling, signalling by Hand-flags etc. have decreased in recent years, while more modern means of radio communication have been playing the leading role on board. Turning our eyes to the actual situations in this country, we can find that application of radio telephone is so extensive that there seems no room left for use of Flashing Light Signalling which is taken up as the main subject of this paper. As is well known, the radiotelephone service, called Senpaku Denwa, established by NTT (Nippon Telegram and Telephone Public Corporation) has its service area covering practically all of the coastal Waters of Japan. Various radio communication networks, including those belonging to the VHF radiotelephone in the International Maritime Mobile Service, the Maritime Safety Agency and the fishing industry, are fulfilling their functions effectively, and their further improvements are expected. In such a situation, it will be necessary to reconsider the traditional method of Flashing Light Signalling in Japan. The aim of this paper is 1. to show the results of our analysis on the current practices of F.L.S. in Japan, 2. and to propose some countermeasures which is considered to give the best solution for the existing circumstances.
著者
Seiya Kawano Koichiro Yoshino Satoshi Nakamura
出版者
The Japanese Society for Artificial Intelligence
雑誌
人工知能学会論文誌 (ISSN:13460714)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.36, no.4, pp.E-KC9_1-14, 2021-07-01 (Released:2021-07-01)
参考文献数
48

Building a controllable neural conversation model (NCM) is an important task. In this paper, we focus on controlling the responses of NCMs using dialogue act labels of responses as conditions. We introduce a reinforcement learning framework involving adversarial learning for conditional response generation. Our proposed method has a new label-aware objective that encourages the generation of discriminative responses by the given dialogue act label while maintaining the naturalness of the generated responses. We compared the proposed method with conventional methods that generate conditional responses. The experimental results showed that our proposed method has higher controllability conditioned by the dialogue acts even though it has higher or comparable naturalness to the conventional models.
著者
中本 朱香 三宅 真二
出版者
一般社団法人 レギュラトリーサイエンス学会
雑誌
レギュラトリーサイエンス学会誌 (ISSN:21857113)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.6, no.3, pp.245-253, 2016 (Released:2016-09-30)
参考文献数
66

目的 : 「ブルーレター」は日本における医薬品のワーニングレターの一種である. 「ブルーレター」は厚生労働省が市販後に安全対策を取るべきと判断した際に製薬会社から発出される. この研究の目的は, 市販後に「ブルーレター」という強い注意喚起手段の対象となった副作用が, 治験段階において, 発見されていたか否かを調査することである. そして, 市販前に副作用に関して議論されていた場合, その情報が医療従事者に対してどのような形で提供されていたかを調査する. 方法 : 対象は2006~2015年の間に「ブルーレター」が発出された医薬品である. 副作用に関して審査報告書を調査し, 市場に出る前に製薬会社と厚生労働省がその副作用に関して知っていたかを評価した. そして副作用に関してそれぞれの添付文書を調査し, 医療従事者が「ブルーレター」が発出される以前からその副作用情報を得ることができたか評価した. 結果と考察 : 2006~2015年の間に11通の「ブルーレター」が発出された. 製薬会社と厚生労働省は, 11通中8通の「ブルーレター」発出の対象となった副作用を治験の段階で示唆していた. そしてそれぞれ該当する医薬品の添付文書中に副作用情報を提供していた. しかしほとんどの情報は「ブルーレター」が発出される以前はリスクを適切に表現できていない曖昧なものと判断された. 今後は添付文書を医療従事者が使用しやすいコミュニケーションツールとしてより一層改善することが求められる. 結論 : 多くの場合, 製薬企業は「ブルーレター」が発出される前から副作用情報を提供していた. しかしほとんどの情報は具体性を欠く曖昧な表現であり, 当該安全性問題に対する事前の想定などを強く促すには不十分であったと考えられる.
著者
小林 勝
出版者
公益社団法人 日本皮膚科学会
雑誌
日本皮膚科学会雑誌 (ISSN:0021499X)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.93, no.7, pp.763, 1983 (Released:2014-08-20)

レチノイド(etretinate)を CH3/He マウスに連日経口投与し,表皮ラングルハンス細胞(L細胞),ことにその分布密度と形態に及ぼす影響について検討した.L 細胞の分布密度は投与量(4mg/kg および 16mg/kg)と部位(耳,足脈,尾)により若干の差はあるが,ほぼ同様の傾向を示して変動した.すなわち,投与開始直後にL細胞は一過性に増加するが,以後は減少傾向を示し,2週後には最低値となる.しかし,その後投与を続けることにより回復傾向がみられた.このL細胞の分布密度の変動は表皮の厚さがレチノイド投与により変動する経過ときわめてよく一致た.一方,レチノイド投与により胞体が縮少し,樹枝状突起が細長く伸びた L 細胞が多数観察された.足蹠皮膚の垂直切片における観察では,投与2週日以後,基底層から真皮上層にla抗原陽性の樹枝状細胞がみられ,L細胞かあたかも真皮へ脱落しかけているような所見が得られた. 以上の実験を通じて,L 細胞は表皮内において抗原提示細胞としての機能を果すべく,角化細胞と密接な関連を保ちながら,その分布密度を調節し,恒常性を保ちつつあることか考えられた.
著者
山田 恵子 壬生 彰 向後 響 井関 雅子 西上 智彦
出版者
日本疼痛学会
雑誌
PAIN RESEARCH (ISSN:09158588)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.36, no.1, pp.1-14, 2021-04-30 (Released:2021-06-18)
参考文献数
9
被引用文献数
1

The Pain Disability Index (PDI) is a self–reported outcome measure initially developed in English to assess disability caused by pain in seven dimensions of daily life activity, including family ⁄ home responsibilities, recreation, social activity, occupation, sexual behavior, self–care, and life–support activity. This study aimed to develop a linguistical­ly valid Japanese version of the PDI (PDI–J) according to the guidelines for the translation and cultural adaptation of patient–reported outcome measures establish­ed by the task force of the International Society for Pharmacoeconomics and Outcomes Research. A draft of the PDI–J was developed through a forward translation of the original PDI from English to Japanese, reconciliation of the translation, back–translation from Japanese to English, and harmonization. We subsequently conducted a cognitive debriefing in five patients using the PDI–J draft and reviewed it before finaliz­ing a linguistically valid PDI–J. We also considered a five–item version of the PDI (PDI–5–J), which excluded two items (sexual behavior and life–support activity) from the original version. This consideration was made for brevity and because sexual behavior is a considerably personal parameter that some patients may be reluctant to answer and life–support activity because it was considered ambiguous in Japanese. Therefore, we were able to develop a linguistically valid PDI–J and PDI–5–J through this process. Further study is warranted to confirm the psychometric validity and reliabili­ty of the two indices (PDI–J and PDI–5–J).
著者
Yuanying Li Hiroshi Yatsuya Sachiko Tanaka Hiroyasu Iso Akira Okayama Ichiro Tsuji Kiyomi Sakata Yoshihiro Miyamoto Hirotsugu Ueshima Katsuyuki Miura Yoshitaka Murakami Tomonori Okamura
出版者
Japan Atherosclerosis Society
雑誌
Journal of Atherosclerosis and Thrombosis (ISSN:13403478)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.28, no.8, pp.816-825, 2021-08-01 (Released:2021-08-01)
参考文献数
44
被引用文献数
2 9

Aims: We aimed to develop and validate risk prediction models to estimate the absolute 10-year risk of death from coronary heart disease (CHD), stroke, and cardiovascular disease (CVD). Methods: We evaluated a total of 44,869 individuals aged 40–79 years from eight Japanese prospective cohorts to derive coefficients of risk equations using cohort-stratified Cox proportional hazard regression models. Discrimination (C-index) of the equation was examined in each cohort and summarised using random-effect meta-analyses. Calibration of the equation was assessed using Hosmer-Lemeshow chi-squared statistic. Results: Within a median follow-up of 12.7 years, we observed 765 deaths due to CVD (276 CHDs and 489 strokes). After backward selection, age, sex, current smoking, systolic blood pressure (SBP), proteinuria, prevalent diabetes mellitus, the ratio of total cholesterol to high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (TC/HDLC), interaction terms of age by SBP, and age by current smoking were retained as predictors for CHD. Sex was excluded in the stroke equation. We did not consider TC/HDLC as a risk factor for the stroke and CVD equations. The pooled C-indices for CHD, stroke, and CVD were 0.83, 0.80, and 0.81, respectively, and the corresponding p-values of the Hosmer-Lemeshow tests were 0.18, 0.003, and 0.25, respectively. Conclusions: Risk equations in the present study can adequately estimate the absolute 10-year risk of death from CHD, stroke, and CVD. Future work will evaluate the system as an education and risk communication tool for primary prevention of CHD and stroke.

2 0 0 0 OA 椅子と掛心地

著者
山内 陸平
出版者
Japan Ergonomics Society
雑誌
人間工学 (ISSN:05494974)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.21, no.5, pp.233-238, 1985-10-15 (Released:2010-03-11)
著者
小林 祥子 金田 勇
出版者
一般社団法人 日本レオロジー学会
雑誌
日本レオロジー学会誌 (ISSN:03871533)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.46, no.3, pp.139-143, 2018-06-15 (Released:2018-08-31)
参考文献数
8
被引用文献数
1

UDON is a type of traditional Japanese noodles. “TEUCHI UDON” are made by kneading and rolling wheat flour, cutting it into strips, and then boiling them. One of the visible characteristics of “TEUCHI UDON” is sharp edge that appears in the ridge of the noodles, and such visual effect, in addition to the mechanical properties of noodles, greatly enhances the taste. To understand why the “edge” appears in the UDON noodles, we investigated the change in the shape and mechanical properties of UDON noodles during cooking. Moreover, we performed quantitative evaluation of the “edge” using image analysis of the cross-section of the UDON noodles during cooking. Image analysis showed that the structure of the gluten network and shape of the starch granules observed in the rolling side was different from that in the cut end. Furthermore, results of compression test revealed that the mechanical characteristics of these two ends were different from each other. We suppose that there is anisotropy in the swelling behavior of UDON noodles.
著者
村上 雅英
出版者
日本建築学会
雑誌
日本建築学会構造系論文集 (ISSN:13404202)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.86, no.785, pp.1068-1073, 2021-07-30 (Released:2021-07-30)
参考文献数
5
被引用文献数
1

The formula for the full plastic nail arrangement modulus Zpxy which is used in the calculation of the ultimate shear capacity of the sheathed shear walls with any nail arrangement was theoretically derived by using the upper bound theorem.The unknown values are the rotation ratio (θx/θy) and the neutral axis positions (xo and yo) in the calculation.The difference between the calculation with the elastic values and the plastic values as unknown values is within 1.5%.
著者
Ayako Akiyama Hasegawa Takuya Watanabe Eitaro Shioji Mitsuaki Akiyama Tatsuya Mori
出版者
Information Processing Society of Japan
雑誌
Journal of Information Processing (ISSN:18826652)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.28, pp.1030-1046, 2020 (Released:2020-12-15)
参考文献数
42
被引用文献数
1

Online service providers exert tremendous effort to protect users' accounts against sensitive data breaches. Although threats from complete outsiders, such as account hijacking for monetization, still occur, recent studies have shed light on threats to privacy from insiders. In this study, we focus on these latter threats. Specifically, we present the first comprehensive study of an attack from insiders that identifies the existence of a target's account by using the target's email address and the insecure login-related messages that are displayed. Such a threat may violate intimates' or acquaintances' privacy because the kinds of service accounts a user has implies his/her personal preferences or situation. We conducted surveys regarding user expectations and behaviors on online services and an extensive measurement study of login-related messages on online services that are considered sensitive. We found that over 80% of participants answered that they have sensitive services and that almost all services were vulnerable to our attack. Moreover, about half the participants who have sensitive services were insecurely registered on them, thus could be potential victims. Finally, we recommend ways for online service providers to improve login-related messages and for users to take appropriate defensive actions. We also report our responsible disclosure process.
著者
徐 英瑾
出版者
西田哲学会
雑誌
西田哲学会年報 (ISSN:21881995)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.13, pp.116-138, 2016 (Released:2020-03-21)

Whereas Kuki Shūzō’s philosophy has been typically viewed as a systemic response to continental philosophical trends like phenomenology, this article is intended to argue that Wittgenstein’s philosophy of language can offer an equally fruitful interpreting framework for Kuki’s aesthetics expressed in his The Structure of Iki. The parallelisms between the two philosophers can be unpacked as below:(a)both philosophers focus on the linguistic activities of ordinary people;(b)both philosophers tend to identify the implicitly functioning mechanism of authority either in language-games (in a general sense)or in those related to“iki”(in a more specific sense);(c) both philosophers share a deep understanding of what significant roles that “samples”do play in relevant language games. Moreover, Kuki’s elaboration of the so-called“hexahedral of aesthetical values”substantially reveals the cross-cultural dimensions of his aesthetics, i.e., dimensions that would greatly facilitate some further dialogues between Asian aesthetic values and their western counterparts.
著者
武田 裕之 津田 泰介
出版者
公益社団法人 日本都市計画学会
雑誌
都市計画論文集 (ISSN:09160647)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.50, no.3, pp.594-601, 2015-10-25 (Released:2015-11-05)
参考文献数
19
被引用文献数
2 3

本研究では、甚大な津波被害が想定されている都市において、震災前の移転の可能性を検証すると共に移転に伴う都市ヴォリューム及び移転費用の概算を行う。移転については住民の意思による個別移転として、長期間での移転プロセスを考えることとする。まずインターネットアンケートにより、震災前の個別移転に対する賛否、移転の際の条件等を整理した。賛否については70%以上の回答者が賛意を示しており、平均で15年程度の内に移転のきっかけが訪れることが明らかとなった。次に高知市の浸水域から3つの移転推進地域、高知市西部の利用可能な地域を定め、それぞれ移転推進建物の床面積、新たに生み出される床面積の算定を行った。その結果、現行の用途地域においてもほとんどの移転推進建物の床面積の受け皿となり得ることを示した。最後に移転に必要な費用を試算し、地震による被害想定額と比較した。結果として移転費用は被害想定額を下回っており、震災前移転のメリットを示した。