著者

檜垣 立哉

出版者

日本哲学会

雑誌

哲学 (ISSN:03873358)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.2002, no.53, pp.33-46,249, 2002-04-01 (Released:2009-12-08)

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Après l'apparition de la biologie moléculaire dans la derrière moitié du vingtième siècle, notre pensée sur la vie a été profondément changée. Maintenant, nous ne pouvons pas supposer quelque chose substantiellement comme énergie de la vie. En apparence, ces recherches scientifiques semblent nous conduire au réductionnisme le plus radical. Mais, en fait, cette direction ouvre une nouvelle manière de penser la vie et son existence dans le temps, dans l'espace et dans le devenir. La vie est constituée par les matières complètement, mais les matières elles-même fonctionnent dans les relations réciproques et dans les processus du devenir. Les sciences du chaos, celles de la complexité et celles de l'auto-organisation nous ont montré une nouvelle vision de la nature. Par exemple, on doit considérer les théories de l'évolution tout autrement.Dans cet essai, je présente, d'abord, la nécessité de la philosophie pour les sciences de la vie, parce qu'elles traitent les concepts du temps, du système et du devenir directement. Et puis, je souligne que la philosophie elle-même doit essentiellement réagir à cette nouvelle situation des savoirs de la nature. Pour poursuivre ce sujet concrètement, je pose, à l'instar de H. Bergson et de G. Deleuze, trois étapes de la philosophic de la vie(1. celle de la relation organique. 2. celle du lieu et du environnement 3. celle du devenir fragmentaire et local), et j'examine, justement à la troisième étape, une phase de l'intersection entre les sciences d'aujourd'hui et la philosophie. Enfin, je tente de situer cette nouvelle bio-philosophie dans le contexte de la pensée post-modern.

著者

Tetsuo Shimada Naoya Hijikata Ken-ichi Tokita Kiyoshi Uchida Masayuki Kurechi Hitoshi Suginome Yumi Yamada Hiroyoshi Higuchi

出版者

日本鳥学会

雑誌

ORNITHOLOGICAL SCIENCE (ISSN:13470558)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.15, no.1, pp.37-45, 2016 (Released:2016-02-05)

参考文献数

30

被引用文献数

5

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Japan hosts more than 40% population of Brent Goose Branta bernicla wintering in East Asia. We used satellite-tracking technology to monitor the seasonal movements and habitat usage of Brent Goose wintering in northern Japan. We marked five geese on the Oya sandy beach, Miyagi Prefecture, northeast Honshu, on 21 January 2014. The geese utilized areas along the seacoast, especially concentrating at a small bay, close to the capture site. Most of the geese offshore were found at fishery rafts. No geese were found more than 2 km offshore or more than 6 km from the capture site along the seacoast. In early April, the geese left the southern Sanriku coast and moved up to eastern Hokkaido, crossing the sea directly or via the coastal areas of Iwate and Aomori Prefectures. The geese predominantly remained in the vicinity of the Veslovskiy Peninsula, Kunashiri (Kunashir) Island, while some were distributed along the northern coast of the Nemuro Peninsula. We identified eastern Hokkaido and Kunashiri Island as important stopover sites for Brent Goose wintering in Japan.

著者

岩崎 晃久 猫本 善続 森田 英之 谷口 勝彦 奥野 大作 松岡 寿浩 千種 直樹

出版者

一般社団法人 日本機械学会

雑誌

日本機械学会論文集 (ISSN:21879761)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.81, no.831, pp.15-00212-15-00212, 2015 (Released:2015-11-25)

参考文献数

18

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Under earthquake condition, the response of the free standing rack is nonlinear and involves complex combination of motion, such as sliding, rocking, twisting, and impacts between the fuel assemblies and the rack cells and between the pool floor and the rack pedestals. To obtain an accurate simulation of the free standing rack, the seismic analysis requires careful considerations of these complex phenomena, and fluid coupling effects. This seismic evaluation method was validated by comparison to full-scale test results. However, the conservative evaluation method is required, since analysis results are not entirely consistent with the test results. In this study, authors obtained the margin of safety for free standing rack, and developed the seismic design method.

著者

山口 和雄 加野 直巳 横倉 隆伸 木口 努 田中 明子 佐藤 比呂志

出版者

日本活断層学会

雑誌

活断層研究 (ISSN:09181024)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.1998, no.17, pp.54-64, 1998-12-29 (Released:2012-11-13)

参考文献数

32

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A seismic survey was conducted across the Tachikawa active fault in the western suburbs of Tokyo metropolitan area. The deep structure and movement of the fault are discussed based on the CMP stacked seismic section together with the geological data published previously. The results are as follows:(1) A flexure, about 150 meters in width, underlies the flexure scarp of the fault and continues vertically down to 1000 meters in depth.(2) The displacement of the fa u lt is about 100 meters upthrow of the northeast side between 300meters and 600 meters in depth, while the displacement at basement depth is about 100 meters downthrow of the northeast side.(3) The northeast side o f the fault had subsided relatively to the southwest side in the past. The fault movement was stopped for a while. Then the fault movement was reversed and the northeast side has been upheaved up to now. This is an inversion tectonics of the fault movement.

著者

平野 烈介

出版者

(公社)日本気象学会

雑誌

気象集誌. 第2輯 (ISSN:00261165)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.2, no.4, pp.116-121, 1924-09-15 (Released:2009-02-05)

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From the durations of the preliminary tremors observed at various stations, the author, in his previous paper, located the seismic origin of the Great Kwanto Earthquake at a point to the north of Mt. Fuzi. In the present paper, he found the following two equations representing the relation between the distance of each station from the above point and the time of arrival of the first shock at that station in which Δ is the distance in kilometer and t the time in second measured from its origin assumed at 11h 58m, Sept. 1st, 1923. The first and second equations are well satisfied by the observed values of t and Δ at stations respectively in western and eastern Japan, the greatest discrepancy between the culculated and observed t being 2.7 seconds, while the total value of t ranges between 39-86 seconds. If the above equations are correct, there must be a time difference of 7 seconds for the commencements of the earthquake shocks at the seismic origin for the two waves, one travelling to the east and the other to the west. The author considers a highly strained state of earth crust, in a finite area near the origin, existing before the great earthquake and supposes that the waves actually started from the both sides of the area, whose diameter is about 50km, so that the apparent difference of time is accounted for.

著者

藤原 治 増田 富士雄 酒井 哲弥 入月 俊明 布施 圭介

出版者

日本第四紀学会

雑誌

第四紀研究 (ISSN:04182642)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.38, no.1, pp.41-58, 1999-02-01 (Released:2009-08-21)

参考文献数

49

被引用文献数

12 19

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内湾(溺れ谷)の泥底に砂や礫を再堆積させるイベントが,完新世の三浦半島と房総半島南部で繰り返し発生したことが,沖積低地で行ったボーリング調査によって明らかになった.これらの再堆積層は,上方へ細粒化する淘汰の悪い泥質砂層や砂質礫層からなり,他生の貝化石や粘土礫を多く含み,生痕が発達し,自生の貝化石を含む泥層を削り込んで覆う.これらの再堆積層は,3ヵ所の沖積低地で掘削した6本のボーリング・コアで認められ,加速器質量分析計(AMS)による79個の14C年代測定値に基づいて,近似した年代をもつ7つの層(下位からT1~T7)にまとめられる.T3~T7は,水深10~20mの内湾中央部に堆積したものであるが,岩礁などに棲む貝化石を泥底の群集と混合して含む.また,貝化石は下位層と14C年代値が逆転するものがある.T1,T2は上述した異常堆積物と類似した堆積構造や化石を含み,特に貝形虫化石群集は外洋水が内湾奥の汽水域へ流入したことを示唆している.T1~T7の堆積構造,化石の種構成,14C年代値は,海底および海岸の侵食と削剥された堆積物の湾央への運搬が強い流れに起因することを示している.さらに,T3~T7は,相模トラフ周辺で発生した巨大地震に伴う海岸段丘の離水時期と年代が近似する.以上のことから,T1~T7は海底地震に伴う津波で形成されたことが強く示唆される.これらの津波は,過去約10,000年の間に,400年から2,000年の間隔で発生した.

著者

藤原 治 増田 富士雄 酒井 哲弥 布施 圭介 齊藤 晃

出版者

日本第四紀学会

雑誌

第四紀研究 (ISSN:04182642)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.36, no.2, pp.73-86, 1997-05-31 (Released:2009-08-21)

参考文献数

37

被引用文献数

5 13

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相模湾周辺では,完新世を通じて巨大地震が繰り返し発生したことが,完新世の海成段丘や歴史地震の研究から知られている.しかし,完新世の地震を示す津波堆積物などの地質学的な証拠は,ほとんど知られていない.完新世の3回の地震隆起に対応する津波堆積物を,房総半島南部の館山市周辺に分布する内湾堆積物から初めて見いだした.これらの津波堆積物は,館山市周辺で広域に追跡できる.津波堆積物は,基底が侵食面を示し上方へ細粒化する砂層や砂礫層からなり,貝化石片や木片を多量に含む.貝化石は,内湾泥底と沿岸の砂底や礫底に住む種が混合しており,海底の侵食と再堆積が生じたことを示す.また,陸側と海側への両方の古流向が堆積構造から推定される.3枚の津波堆積物は,それぞれ約6,300~6,000yrs BP,4,800~4,700yrs BP,4,500~4,400yrs BPに堆積したことが貝化石の14C年代値から明らかになった.最下位の津波堆積物は,沼I段丘,野比I段丘の離水と年代が一致する.また,中位と上位の津波堆積物は,それぞれ野比II段丘,沼II段丘の離水と年代が一致する.調査地域では,上述の津波堆積物と類似した堆積相を示す砂層や砂礫層が,約7,400~3,600yrs BPの間に100~200年に1枚の割で堆積している.これらの砂層や砂礫層の一部は,沼段丘上に分布する離水波食棚群(茅根・吉川,1986)に対応する津波堆積物の可能性がある.

著者

瀬野 徹三

出版者

公益社団法人 日本地震学会

雑誌

地震 第2輯 (ISSN:00371114)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.29, no.2, pp.197-200, 1976-05-15 (Released:2010-03-11)

参考文献数

9

著者

瀬野 徹三

出版者

公益社団法人 日本地震学会

雑誌

地震 第2輯 (ISSN:00371114)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.30, no.3, pp.253-264, 1977-12-05 (Released:2010-03-11)

参考文献数

18

被引用文献数

1

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In the previous paper (SENO, 1977), the method of calculation of the recurrence time interval of great earthquakes in the Nankai and the Sagami trough regions was improved and refined. The recurrence time interval T and the value d (so-called recovery ratio) were estimated at the several sites on the seismic crustal movement areas along these troughs.In the present paper, the vertical crustal movement observed by precise levellings and the defomation of the Holocene terraces in the south Kanto district are reexamined because the deformation of the coastal terraces have some complicated relations with the seismic crustal deformations in this region.In the Shonan district, the deformation of the Holocene terraces is attributed to the crustal deformation associated with the 1923 Taisho type earthquakes and the recurrence time T of 180-400 years and the value d of 0.25-0.50 are obtained. In the southern Boso peninsula, the deformation of the Holocene terraces is divided into two: the crustal deformation associated with 1923 type earthquakes and that caused by the fault off the Boso peninsula which moved at the time of the 1703 Genroku earthquake. The recurrence time T and the value d for this fault off the Boso peninsula are estimated to be 950-2500 years and 0.20-0.54, respectively.

著者

井田 仁康

出版者

THE TOHOKU GEOGRAPHICAL ASSOCIATION

雑誌

東北地理 (ISSN:03872777)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.43, no.4, pp.276-286, 1991-11-15 (Released:2010-04-30)

参考文献数

21

被引用文献数

2 2 3

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新潟県を出発地・到着地とする航空旅客の多くが利用するのは新潟空港である。新潟空港の乗降客数は, 上越新幹線が開業する前の1981年までは増加傾向にあったが, それが開業した1982年から1983年にかけて乗降客数は激減した。1983年の航空旅客動態調査に基づき, 新潟県における航空旅客の分布をみると, 新潟市と長岡市において航空旅客数が著しく多いが, 市部においてはその数が多くなる傾向がある。さらに, 航空旅客数と地域属性との関係を明らかにするために, 各市町村の社会経済的特徴を表すと考えられる13の変数に因子分析を施し, そこで得られた3因子の因子得点と空港からの距離を独立変数とし, 航空旅客数を従属変数として重回帰分析を行った結果, 航空旅客数はその地区の都市性と深く関係していることが明らかになった。また, 社会経済的特徴からみると, 多くの市および新潟市周辺の町村ではより多くの航空旅客が期待できるのである。新潟県を出発地・到着地とする航空旅客の流動に注目すると, 多くの都道府県との間に航空旅客流動を生じているが, 特に, 北海道, 宮城県および京都府, 奈良県以西の府県との流動が多い。その中の北海道, 南九州, 沖縄県などの比較的長距離の流動において, 新潟県の居住者および観光客の割合が高くなる。他方, 新潟県と中京, 関西, 四国, 九州北部の県間とに生じる流動では, 新潟県に居住しない者の割合およびビジネス客の割合が高くなる傾向にある。

著者

会田 俊夫 石橋 重遠 佐進 進

出版者

一般社団法人 資源・素材学会

雑誌

日本鉱業会誌 (ISSN:03694194)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.78, no.887, pp.377-384, 1962-05-25 (Released:2011-07-13)

参考文献数

2

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In this paper we have studied the characteristics of the vibration of winding ropes in vertical shafts when the drums are braked in an emergency, measuring the vibration and analying the measured results by the theoretical methods published in our former paper.Some results we have obtained through our researches are as follows;1) The maximum vibration of a winding rope in a vertical shaft when the drum is braked in an emergency can safely be estimated to be 1.3 times as large as the maximum acceleration of the winding drum.2) The shock absorber is hardly effective for reducing the vibration of a winding rope in an emergency braking.3) We find that the length of a winding rope has nothing to do with its vibration in a shaft.

著者

平松 良雄 岡 行俊

出版者

一般社団法人 資源・素材学会

雑誌

日本鉱業会誌 (ISSN:03694194)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.76, no.866, pp.543-548, 1960-08-25 (Released:2011-07-13)

参考文献数

5

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For the purpose of contributing to the design of shaft linings, especially of coal mines, the authors have attempted to measure the stress in the shaft linings in several coal mines in Japan with the photoelastic apparatus contrived by them.The results show that the lining in a solid ground is generally subjected to but a low stress, but sometimes to a stress about 30kg/cm2, that in a crushed ground the lining is subjected to a medium or high stress fluctuating, and that in a loose ground there appears such an earth pressure acting on the outer surface of the lining that may be estimated by the formula of the soil pressure.

著者

加藤 博和 金原 宏

出版者

日本LCA学会

雑誌

日本LCA学会研究発表会講演要旨集 第1回日本LCA学会研究発表会(会場:産業技術総合研究所)

巻号頁・発行日

pp.94, 2005 (Released:2005-11-29)

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本研究では、製品のライフサイクルのうち特に流通・販売段階に着目して詳細に推計を行い、環境負荷削減策を評価する。携帯サイズの容器に入った清涼飲料水を対象に、郊外型大店舗、自動販売機、コンビニエンスストアの各販売形態で、流通・販売経路別に環境負荷を推計した。輸送時の積載率や在庫時間、冷蔵の有無、買物行動の違いについても検討し、さらに容器の違いやリサイクル実施による変化との比較も試みる。

著者

Masakazu TAGUCHI

出版者

(公社)日本気象学会

雑誌

気象集誌. 第2輯 (ISSN:00261165)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.93, no.1, pp.99-115, 2015 (Released:2015-03-18)

参考文献数

36

被引用文献数

2 10

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This study investigates observed interannual changes in the Northern winter stratosphere with El Niño/Southern Oscillation (ENSO) and quasi-biennial oscillation (QBO) using the National Centers for Environmental Prediction/National Center for Atmospheric Research (NCEP/NCAR) reanalysis data for 56 years. We focus on changes in occurrence of major stratospheric sudden warmings (MSSWs) as well as in seasonal mean states.  Our results reveal complex changes in the MSSW probability with both ENSO and QBO as in the seasonal mean states. However, statistically significant changes at the 90 % confidence level are obtained only for some combinations of ENSO and QBO conditions reflecting the limitation of the data period. When the QBO is in a westerly phase, the MSSW probability increases with the ENSO sea-surface temperature condition in the eastern equatorial Pacific, i.e., from ENSO cold (La Niña), through neutral, to warm (El Niño) years. When the QBO is in an easterly phase, on the other hand, the probability significantly increases for La Niña years than for neutral years, whereas the probability is not significantly different between neutral and El Niño years. A characteristic feature is the high MSSW probability for the La Niña and QBO easterly winters, which is consistent with strengthened stationary wave with zonal wavenumber 1 compared to the climatology.  These results suggest the importance of taking into account both ENSO and QBO factors, when one examines the frequency of MSSWs in the Northern winter stratosphere.

著者

Taiichiro SEKI Takashi HOSONO

出版者

Center for Academic Publications Japan

雑誌

Journal of Nutritional Science and Vitaminology (ISSN:03014800)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.61, no.Supplement, pp.S83-S85, 2015 (Released:2015-11-24)

参考文献数

17

被引用文献数

18

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Lifestyle-related diseases have complex pathogenesis which consists of several different steps. Basic causes of the diseases are attributed to unhealthy lifestyles in dietary habits, physical activity and suffering stress. The unhealthy lifestyles induce risk factors such as hypertension, dyslipidemia, obesity, and hyperglycemia. These risk factors all promote arteriosclerosis leading to serious vascular complications (i.e., thrombotic diseases), myocardial infarction and cerebral infarction. The total number of deaths from these thrombotic diseases almost equals that from cancer in our country. Cancer is also a typical lifestyle-related disease. Food has three different functions: the primary function is to provide enough nutrients to meet the metabolic requirements. The secondary function is the one relating to food preference. The third function is to control our body functions, which help reduction of the risk of diseases. Some of the compounds derived from food, especially phytochemicals in edible plants, vegetables and herbs, have potent functions to control our body functions and contribute to promoting our health. In this review article, we overview the lifestyle-related diseases and food functions involving prevention and amelioration of the diseases by food components especially from edible plants and vegetables. As an example, we will describe the food function of garlic and the prevention of lifestyle-related diseases by its components. Allyl sulfides are characteristic flavor compounds derived from garlic, and these organosulfur compounds are responsible for the food function of garlic.

著者

松浦 充宏

出版者

公益社団法人 日本地震学会

雑誌

地震 第2輯 (ISSN:00371114)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.44, no.Supplement, pp.53-62, 1991-07-24 (Released:2010-03-11)

参考文献数

36

被引用文献数

4

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Geophysical models are generally estimated from observed data by using some criterion. In most cases observed data are inaccurate, insufficient and inconsistent. To deal with such data we must introduce a new criterion in place of the classical least-squares criterion. The history of the development of inversion theory in geophysics is the history of quest for the new criterion. From such a standpoint we review the development of inversion theory in the last score.In a series of papers published in 1967, 1968 and 1970, G. Backus and F. Gilbert introduced the concept of model resolution and formulated the geophysical inverse problem as the problem of compromising reciprocal requirements for model resolution and estimation errors in some natural way. This was the starting point of the fruitful development of inversion theory in geophysics. Various criteria to compromise model resolution and estimation errors have been proposed in the early part of the 1970s, but the objectivity of these criteria were not clear. At the end of the 1970s D. D. Jackson introduced the concept of prior information about unknown model parameters and combine two reciprocal criteria for model resolution and estimation erros in a natural way. Jackson's approach for linear inversion, which is based on the minimum variance criterion, has been soon exteded to nonlinear cases by A. Tarantola and B. Valette and also by D. D. Jackson and M. Matsu'ura on the basis of probability theory. The geophysical data inversion is now understood as the process of extracting new information from observed data, combining it with prior information about model parameters, and constructing the more clear image of a physical model.

著者

Takehiro OCHI Azusa YAMADA Yuki NAGANUMA Noriko NISHINA Hironari KOYAMA

出版者

公益社団法人 日本獣医学会

雑誌

Journal of Veterinary Medical Science (ISSN:09167250)

巻号頁・発行日

pp.15-0502, (Released:2016-02-01)

被引用文献数

16

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To determine the effect of long-distance (approximately 600 km) road transportation on the blood biochemistry of laboratory animals, we investigated the changes in serum biochemical parameters in healthy cynomolgus monkeys and beagle dogs transported by truck from Osaka to Tsukuba, Japan. The concentrations of serum cortisol, total bilirubin and aspartate aminotransferase in monkeys increased during transportation. Serum cortisol and total bilirubin levels in dogs also increased during transportation, but serum triglyceride decreased. Serum parameter values in truck-transported monkeys and dogs returned to baseline levels within two weeks following arrival. Taken together, these results suggest that a two-week acclimation period is the minimum duration required for adaptation following road transportation.

著者

記虎 優子

出版者

環境技術学会/環境技術編集委員会

雑誌

環境技術 (ISSN:03889459)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.34, no.11, pp.812-820, 2005-11-20 (Released:2010-03-18)

参考文献数

27

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従来, 会計学の研究領域において, 投資家以外のステークホルダーが, 企業の情報開示の情報利用者として明示的に取り上げられて考察されることは, あまりなかった.しかし, 最近では, 企業の経済的側面だけでなく社会的側面や環境的側面に関する情報を企業が自発的に開示する動きが広がっていることを受けて, 投資家以外のステークホルダーに対する関心が, 会計学の研究領域においても高まっている.そこで, 本稿では, 経営学の研究領域におけるステークホルダー研究を援用して, ステークホルダー概念とその類型化のアプローチについて検討することを試みている.そして, ステークホルダーの類型化が, 類型化された各グループの情報ニーズに応じて, 企業の情報開示において開示される情報内容を改善することに資することを指摘し, 今後の課題として, ステークホルダー研究の研究成果を会計学の研究領域に積極的に援用することの必要性を主張している.

著者

Eduardo José Nepomuceno Montenegro Geisa Guimarães de Alencar Gisela Rocha de Siqueira Marcelo Renato Guerino Juliana Netto Maia Daniella Araújo de Oliveira

出版者

理学療法科学学会

雑誌

Journal of Physical Therapy Science (ISSN:09155287)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.28, no.1, pp.76-81, 2016 (Released:2016-01-30)

参考文献数

22

被引用文献数

4

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[Purpose] This study assesse the effect of low frequency transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation (TENS) of theTE5 (waiguan) and PC6 (neiguan) acupoints on cold-induced pain. [Subjects and Methods] Forty-eight subjects were divided by convenience into three groups: TENS with electrodes of 1 cm2 area, TENS with electrodes of area 15 cm2 and a placebo group. The study consisted of three phases: cold-induced pain without electroanalgesia, cold-induced pain with electroanalgesia or placebo, and cold-induced pain post-electroanalgesia or placebo. [Results] Acupuncture like TENS increased the pain threshold latency during treatment (45.7 ± 11.7s) compared to pre-treatment (30.9 ± 8.9s) in the TENS group with 1 cm2 electrodes. In the TENS group with 15 cm2 electrodes, the pain threshold latency increased at post-treatment (36.2 ± 12.9s) compared to pre-treatment (25.5 ± 7.4s). The placebo group showed no significant changes. The group with 1 cm2 electrodes showed a significantly higher pain threshold latency (45.7 ± 11.7s) than the other two groups. At post-treatment, the pain threshold latencies of both the 1 cm2 (39.4 ± 11.5s) and 15 cm2 (36.2 ± 12.9s) TENS group were higher than that of the placebo group (22.4 ± 7.4s). [Conclusion] Acupuncture like TENS applied to PC6 and TE5 acupoints increased the pain threshold latency. The pain intensity was reduced by TENS with an electrode area of 1 cm2.

著者

吉浪 誠

出版者

日本食品微生物学会

雑誌

日本食品微生物学会雑誌 (ISSN:13408267)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.31, no.1, pp.13-19, 2014-03-31 (Released:2014-08-13)

参考文献数

4