著者
高山 啓子
出版者
関東社会学会
雑誌
年報社会学論集 (ISSN:09194363)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.1997, no.10, pp.157-168, 1997-06-05 (Released:2010-04-21)
参考文献数
27

This paper investigates how the arrangement of participants' bodies, talks and activities in particular time and space organize their interactions. The empirical research was done by using videotapes of dispatchers receiving emergency calls in a 119 dispatch center. While one dispatcher (call taker) replies to an emergency call, he and his colleague are able to silently interact with each other. This shows that their actions construct a type of back region and the call taker is embedded within two ‘participation frameworks’: one with the caller, and the other with his colleague.This analysis shows that these concepts, “region” and “participation framework”, proposed by Erving Goffman, apply to actual settings and that they are organized by the arrangement of the participants' bodies, talks and activities.
著者
飛田 範夫
出版者
社団法人 日本造園学会
雑誌
造園雑誌 (ISSN:03877248)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.52, no.5, pp.7-12, 1988-03-31 (Released:2011-07-19)
参考文献数
10
被引用文献数
1 1

日本の伝統的スポーッの1種である蹴鞠は, 中国から7世紀頃に日本に伝来したものと考えられる。当初邸内の庭で鞠を蹴り合うだけであったが, 次第に本格化して「鞠の庭」が定められ, 4隅に懸と呼ばれる桜柳楓松などの樹木を植えるに至っている。造園的に見ると, 懸の仕立には庭園の勇定技法が応用され, 鞠の庭の舗装に関しては, 土と砂あるいは塩を含ませたものをっき固めるなどの工夫がなされていることがわかる。
著者
舘 知也 加藤 未紗 大澤 友裕 甲田 明英 福田 聖啓 田中 和秀 青山 智 安田 昌宏 水井 貴詞 後藤 千寿 寺町 ひとみ
出版者
公益社団法人 日本薬学会
雑誌
YAKUGAKU ZASSHI (ISSN:00316903)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.133, no.11, pp.1223-1233, 2013 (Released:2013-11-01)
参考文献数
19
被引用文献数
3 5

Since April 2011, a dosage adjustment program has been implemented at Gifu Municipal Hospital. In this program, upon receiving a prescription for renally eliminated drugs, pharmacists verify patients' serum creatinine concentrations by using a computerized medical record system to evaluate the patient's kidney function and suggest the appropriate dosage to doctors, if necessary. In our study, we used questionnaires that were administered to pharmacists and doctors at the hospital to investigate their respective working times and the cost of the program, in order to comprehensively analyze the clinical resource costs of the hospital and evaluate the economic burden of the program for levofloxacin. In addition, we studied the pharmacists' and doctors' attitudes toward the program and the circumstances of prescriptions for patients with renal dysfunction. The questionnaire comprised items such as time required for the program; attitude toward the program, including satisfaction; and attitude toward the circumstances of prescriptions for patients with renal dysfunction. The pharmacists' and doctors' working times and cost of the program were obtained from the questionnaire responses. For cost estimation, we used data from this study as well as those of our previous study that suggested that the levofloxacin program was economically beneficial. Furthermore, their attitudes toward the program and circumstances of prescriptions for patients with renal dysfunction were clarified. Regarding the pharmacists' tasks and interventions, we need to not only investigate attitudes toward them but also perform a cost analysis by the method of the economic evaluation of the medical techniques used in our study.
著者
野村 幸加 吉田 圭一郎
出版者
東北地理学会
雑誌
季刊地理学 (ISSN:09167889)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.61, no.4, pp.225-233, 2009 (Released:2012-03-15)
参考文献数
16
被引用文献数
1

本研究は,東京ディズニーランドに対して抱くイメージを,その対象者の地域的な背景,特に対象者との距離に着目して明らかにした。居住地の異なる大学生を対象に,SD法に基づいた評定尺度法調査を行い,因子分析を適用して,イメージの構成要素を抽出した。また,因子得点をもとに,東京ディズニーランドまでの距離によるイメージの差異を検証した。因子分析の結果から,東京ディズニーランドのイメージは,主に「心理的因子」,「視覚的因子」の2つの要素によって構成されていた。第1因子である心理的因子には,「わくわくする」「楽しい」など対象者の主観的な感情が表れており,第2因子の視覚的因子は「静か」「緑が多い」といった景観を客観的に捉えたものであった。スピアマンの順位相関係数によると,心理的因子は距離と関係があり,その理由としてカリギュラ効果が考えられた。また,訪問回数を介して距離が視覚的因子に影響を与えていると考えられた。
著者
樋口 陽一
出版者
日本学士院
雑誌
日本學士院紀要 (ISSN:03880036)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.57, no.2, pp.47-63, 2002 (Released:2007-06-22)

Quant au terme de“droits de l'homme”, notion clé du constitutionnalisme contemporain, it faut bien distinguer entre les deux. Les droits de l'homme lato sensu peuvent se définir comme une revendication, regardée légitime, pour la possibilité de mener une vie d'une façon humaine. Le terme anglais Human Rights aurait d'ailleurs cette résonnance. Or, queue est la façon humaine de mener une vie? La réponse dépendrait du contenu de l'adjectif “humain”, et elle serait nécessairement variable d'une culture à l'autre. À l'extrême, être tout dévoué à la communauté à laquelle on appartient, pourrait être regardé comme la manière la plus “humaine”de vivre dans telle ou telle société.S'agissant des droits de l'homme stricto sensu, ils présupposeraient, comme titulaire des droits, l'individu“doppelfrei”, libéré à la fois de l'oppression et de la protection des corps statutaire et féodal. Les droits de l'homme, entendus dans ce sens strict, sont les produits historiques de la modernité individualiste d'origine occidentale. Ile ne peuvent pas être dissociés de la notion de l'individu qui se décide et qui assume la conséquence de sa propre décision, tandis que les droits de l'homme lato sensu pourraient s'adapter à une conception plus on moms communautariste.Les droits de l'homme stricto sensu exige ainsi une manière de vivre qui semblerait, du point de vue de certaines cultures, être plutôt“inhumaine”. Même au sein de la zone culturelle occidentale, la croyance en la vertue de l'individu se trouve de moins en moins certain, et la tentation même à la démission de l'individu risque de se propager (“Escape from Freedom”).Ainsi, un sceptisme à l'égard de la notion de l'homme titulaire des droits de l'homme stricto sensu fermente, depuis des decennies, dans le milieu intellectuel. L'accusation est lancée surtout del apart du femminisme et du multiculturalisme d' après laquelle la notion même des droits de l'homme serait anachronique et dépassée.Tout en respectant la pluralité des cultures en général, comment défendre le noyau essentiel des droits de l'homme, la liberté reconnue à chacune et à chacun de choisir sa propre identité? La culture des droits de l'homme peut se concilier avec l'exigence légitime de la pluralité des cultures, tant que ces dernières acceptent ce noyau dur. Or, il ya bien des cultures qui refusent, au nom de leur tradition ou de leur identité collective, la prémisse même d'une coexistence avec la culture des droits de l'homme. Le véritable enjeu émerge ainsi.
著者
西野 利雄
出版者
一般社団法人 日本数学会
雑誌
数学 (ISSN:0039470X)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.49, no.2, pp.144-157, 1997-04-28 (Released:2008-12-25)
参考文献数
5
著者
阿部 仁一郎
出版者
Osaka Urban Living and Health Association
雑誌
生活衛生 (ISSN:05824176)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.49, no.2, pp.98-107, 2005 (Released:2005-04-08)
参考文献数
55
被引用文献数
4

Giardia intestinalis is a protozoan parasite found in the intestinal tract of humans and animals. Recent molecular studies show considerable genetic diversity among isolates from humans and animals, suggesting that this species is not a single species but is composed of multiple genotypes that have zoonotic potential or are host-adapted. Cross-infection studies using the isolates from different hosts and molecular epidemiological studies in endemic areas strongly support the zoonotic transmission of G. intestinalis. Molecular analysis of the isolates is therefore essential in order to reveal the sources of Giardia infection and thus develop appropriate countermeasures. In Japan, the molecular epidemiology of Giardia infection is as yet unclear as only a few isolates from humans and animals have been genotyped. This report finds that further studies are required for an understanding of the zoonotic significance and molecular epidemiology of Giardia infection in Japan.
著者
Mustafa Aziz Yildirim Kadriye Ones Evrim Coskun Celik
出版者
理学療法科学学会
雑誌
Journal of Physical Therapy Science (ISSN:09155287)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.25, no.9, pp.1151-1154, 2013 (Released:2013-10-20)
参考文献数
19
被引用文献数
8 21

[Purpose] A prospective, randomized, single-blind study was performed in order to compare the efficacy of ultrasound treatments of various durations for patients with subacromial impingement syndrome. [Subjects and Methods] One hundred patients who had been diagnosed with subacromial impingement syndrome by clinical examination and magnetic resonance imaging were included in this study. Patients were randomly divided into two groups of fifty patients per group. The first group received 15 sessions of therapeutic ultrasound (4 minutes), superficial heat and transcutaneous electrical stimulation therapy combined with exercise. The second group received the same treatment except that each of the 15 ultrasound sessions were eight minutes in length. The patients were evaluated before and after the treatment. A visual analog scale (VAS) was used to assess pain, the University of California at Los Angeles (UCLA) and Constant Scale were used to assess shoulder function and the Beck Depression Inventory (BDI) was used to quantify depressive symptoms. [Results] There were no statistically significant differences between the groups in age, time since the onset of pain, sex, education and depression levels prior to the treatment. The post-treatment evaluation of patients VAS, UCLA, Constant, and BDI scores showed statistically significant within group improvements. When the two groups were compared, we found no statistically significant differences in the Constant activities of daily living, Constant external rotation, Constant force and BDI scores. However, the second group scored better than the first group in all the remaining parameters. [Conclusion] Ultrasound therapy was found to have beneficial effects on pain and functional status in the treatment of subacromial impingement syndrome. Eight minutes of ultrasound treatment was shown to be more effective than 4 minutes of ultrasound treatment.

2 0 0 0 OA 自己炎症疾患

著者
井田 弘明
出版者
一般社団法人 日本内科学会
雑誌
日本内科学会雑誌 (ISSN:00215384)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.97, no.2, pp.438-447, 2008 (Released:2012-08-02)
参考文献数
17
被引用文献数
2 2

自己炎症疾患(autoinflammatory disease)は,自己炎症症候群(autoinflammatory syndrome)とも呼ばれる新しい疾患概念である.繰り返す全身性の炎症を来す疾患で,多くは発熱がみられ,関節·皮膚·腸·眼などの部位の炎症を伴う.症状としては,感染症や膠原病に類似しているが,病原微生物は同定されず,また,自己抗体や抗原特異的T細胞も検出されない.近年,Toll-like受容体や細胞内のNLRファミリー蛋白の分子機構の解明が進み,また,これらの分子が,一部の遺伝性周期熱症候群の疾患遺伝子でもあったことから,自己炎症疾患の概念が提唱され,現在注目されている.欧米の疾患と思われていた遺伝性周期熱症候群は,本邦でも存在が確認され,不明熱の鑑別疾患に挙げる必要性がでてきている.本稿では,自己炎症疾患の概念,分類を紹介するとともに,各疾患の臨床像と病因を簡単に解説した.
著者
楜澤 信 城山 厚 早瀬 仁則 初澤 毅
出版者
公益社団法人 精密工学会
雑誌
精密工学会誌 (ISSN:09120289)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.67, no.7, pp.1096-1100, 2001-07-05 (Released:2009-04-10)
参考文献数
8

This paper proposes a method to measure surface profiles of flat glasses by using a shadow image generated by the surface corrugations. When a point light is projected to a screen through the glasses, surface corrugations work as lenses to modulate contrast on the screen. Peaks on the glass surface give brighter regions and valleys gives darker regions, so brightness profiles on the screen agree to surface profiles. Contrasts of shadow images are predicted by an optical theory and lens model of surface profiles. The predictions agree to experiments for various optical positioning and installation angle. High contrast profiles of shadow images do not always give high similarity to the surface profiles because of the blur for too strong lens effect and resolution limit. On an allowable condition, three samples are measured whose surface profiles have peak-to-valley corrugation of 10-65 nm. For each sample, both surface profiles and brightness profiles give similar waveforms. An error of 5 nm is defined from the difference between both profiles for a pitch of 1 mm. This simple method can be applied to measure the surface profiles of flat glass with high accuracy.
著者
Eiji Yashima Mitsuru Akashi Noriyuki Miyauchi
出版者
(社)日本化学会
雑誌
Chemistry Letters (ISSN:03667022)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.20, no.6, pp.1017-1020, 1991 (Released:2006-05-12)
参考文献数
24
被引用文献数
53

Chiral bis(1,10-phenanthroline) with Tröger’s base skeleton (1) was synthesized from 5-amino-1,10-phenanthroline with formaldehyde and HCl. Racemic 1 could interact with DNA from CD spectroscopy and could cleave DNA when it was complexed with copper(I).