著者
藤田 直也
出版者
近畿大学英語研究会
雑誌
近畿大学英語研究会紀要 = Kinki University English Journal (ISSN:18827071)
巻号頁・発行日
no.2, pp.51-60, 2008-08-01

本稿は米国において人権擁護の立場からいわゆる「不適切な」表現やことばの是正を謳ったポリティカル・コレクトネス現象の社会的・文化的要因を考察し、この運動が「人権」という権利を擁護する一方で、米国社会が最も尊重する「表現の自由」という権利に大きな打撃を与えたことを論じる。また、米国と比較し、日本におけることば狩りと呼ばれる言論抑圧はポリティカル・コレクトネスに類似してはいるが、社会形態そして文化背景の違いにより異なったものであることを示す。 (英文)This paper (i) considers social and cultural factors of political correctness, a phenomenon in the United States in which "inappropriate" words or expressions are banned and replaced based on the standpoint of the protection of fundamental human rights, and (ii) points out that while this social movement has contributed to protection of human rights, it has ironically exhibited serious damage to the freedom of expression, one of the most fundamental rights in the country. The Japanese society exhibits a similar phenomenon known as kotoba-gari "word hunt"; however, the present study argues that it differs from political correctness due to its unique social and cultural backgrounds.
著者
新倉 貴仁
出版者
日本社会学会
雑誌
社会学評論 (ISSN:00215414)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.59, no.3, pp.583-599, 2008-12-31 (Released:2010-04-01)
参考文献数
41
被引用文献数
2 1 3

本稿は,ナショナリズム研究において提起されている構築主義的アプローチの批判的検討を通じ,その射程を描き出すことをめざすものである.近年,ナショナリズム研究において,従来の近代主義と歴史主義の相克を乗り越える為に,構築主義的アプローチが提起されている.これは,国民国家批判に代表されるような政治的構築主義としてではなく,方法論的構築主義の立場から再検討される必要がある.この企図のため,本稿はベネディクト・アンダーソンのナショナリズム論を再構成していく.アンダーソンは,「想像の共同体」という語に示されるように,ナショナリズムに対する構築主義的説明を行っている.だが,他方で彼は,「なぜ人はネーションのために死ぬのか」という問題をナショナリズムの中心的な問いに位置づける.すなわち,構築をめぐる知の問題系と,構築主義に突きつけられる死の問題系が,アンダーソンの議論には共存している.この理論的意義を検討することを通じ,以下の3点を示す.第1に,アンダーソンの議論は,その主張以上に,観察可能な言説を対象とする点で方法論的構築主義に位置している.第2に,ナショナリズムは,構築の外部を排除しつつも内部へと包含するような構造を有している.そして,第3に,ナショナリズムにおける構築主義の理論的賭け金は,構築の外部を補足することの失敗自体を記述していくことにある.
著者
浅野 純一郎
出版者
日本建築学会
雑誌
日本建築学会計画系論文集 (ISSN:13404210)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.72, no.615, pp.157-164, 2007
被引用文献数
2 1

This study aims to clarify actual conditions and planning problems of new roadside retail areas where large stores stands on the first and the 2nd blocks from arterial roads. As for those retail types, 7 areas exist in Hokuriku-Koshin-Etsu regions. 6 of 7 areas have been formed after 1995 and lands of all cases were built by land readjushment projects. Those new roadside retail areas are 2-10 times larger than usual roadside retail areas. From zoning control methods I classify 7 areas into 3 types (limited type to commerce uses, mixed type of commercial and industrial uses, and mixed type of commercial and residential uses), and consider planning problems of each type.
著者
蒲原,稔治
出版者
東京動物學會
雑誌
動物学雑誌
巻号頁・発行日
vol.54, no.1, 1942-01-15

2 0 0 0 OA 福岡県全誌

著者
古田隆一 編
出版者
安河内喜佐吉
巻号頁・発行日
vol.下編, 1906
著者
松本 佳代子 福島 紀子 小林 静子 津谷 喜一郎
出版者
一般社団法人 日本薬剤疫学会
雑誌
薬剤疫学 (ISSN:13420445)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.4, no.1, pp.47-57, 1999-05-31 (Released:2011-02-28)
参考文献数
14
被引用文献数
1 1

Objectives : High and medium-dose combination hormone agents have long been used in their off-label use as oral contraceptives. Oral contraceptives (the low-dose pill) are expected to be approved by the standing committee of the Central Pharmaceutical Affairs Council in June 1999, and are expected to be on the market by autumn, available to anyone bearing a doctor's prescription. A survey was conducted of pharmacy students to determine their acceptance and their perceptions of oral contraceptives (the low-dose pill). The results are discussed along with ways of dealing with the scientific information on the possible soon to be approved oral contraceptives (the low-dose pill), and some proposals are made for the future.Methods : The survey was conducted by distributing questionnaire sheets to female pharmacy college students in September 1996. Of the 670 subjects, 98 responded positively to the use of oral contraceptives (the positive group), while 572 preferred not to use them (the negative group). The two groups were compared and the data was analyzed. Mantel-Haenszel test was used to evaluate demographic and background data, their views on using oral contraceptives (the low-dose pill) and ways of obtaining necessary information.Results : In the responses to the questions on how the subjects feel about oral contraceptives (the low-dose pill), the positive group gave these reasons more frequently than those in the negative group : simple to use (p<0.001), a method with a high contraceptive rate (p<0.001), a means of contraception controlled by the woman (p<0.001). On the other hand, the reasons given more frequently by the negative group : feeling concerned about adverse drug reactions (p<0.001), a method allowing sexually transmitted diseases to propagate (p=0.009), a method increasing the burden on the woman (p<0.001).In terms of the subjects' knowledge of oral contraceptives (the low-dose pill), although there has been some improvement observed during their four-year college life, they did not seen to understand accurate information.Conclusion : The surveyed subjects had not understood accurate information, and this lack of knowledge may have formed their biased views on oral contraceptives (the low-dose pill). Given such results, it is anticipated that such misconceptions may affect their own decision-making in their use of the drug, and that it would cause inefficiency in providing future users with accurate information when these students become pharmacists. In the near future, there is expected to be a deluge of information concerning the low-dose pill. It is clearly necessary in pharmaceutical education to provide proper training of pharmacy students for self-education so as to increase efficiency when considering and evaluating information.
著者
左古 輝人
出版者
首都大学東京
雑誌
人文学報. 社会学 (ISSN:03868729)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.44, pp.1-21, 2009-03-30

From Auguste Comte onward, sociology has been a science to diagnose the contemporary human condition with long-term historical perspective. This paper clarifies the nature and the future of the modern State system, with reference to Philip Bobbitt's recent study on the history of the State that seems best represent the sociological spirit today. As Bobbitt says, the State -a permanent infrastructure that is represented as an entity autonomous from the ruler as a person-- is a political creation since the end of the 15^<th> century. The main source of state's power is not just physical, but also metaphysical, as its existence depends on people's belief in its unity (sovereignty) and rationality (reason of state). Although its volatility, the State system survived for these 500 years, and still strong enough. This mystery of the State will be unraveled by articulating the similarity between Thomas Hobbes's conception of 'natural state' and Bobbitt's conception of 'marketstate of terror'.
著者
平元 逹也
出版者
日本ファイナンス学会 MPTフォーラム
雑誌
現代ファイナンス (ISSN:24334464)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.12, pp.31-55, 2002-09-30 (Released:2018-12-07)
参考文献数
28
被引用文献数
2

本研究では,日本企業を対象に,比較可能な専業企業のポートフォリオから求めた多角化企業の理論上の企業価値と実際の価値との比較によって,多角化による企業価値への影響を検証した.分析結果から,多角化による企業価値の破壊が確認された.多角化の辿展により価値破壊は増大し,関連事業への多角化も非関辿事業への多角化と同様に企業価値の破壊をもたらすことが確認された.企業の多角化は経営者の専門性の低下,経常資源の分散などによるマイナスの影響を引き起こし,多角化の進展はその影響を強めると考えられる.関連事業への多角化は,事業間のシナジー効果が期待できるが,関連事業であるがゆえの事業間のコンフリクト,重複投資による非効率性などにより企業価値にはマイナスの影響を与えると考えられる.また,ガバナンス構造との分析では,メインバンクは債権者の立場から,多角化に対してもモニタリング機能を果たしているという示唆が得られた.
著者
吉田 裕
出版者
成城大学
雑誌
Azur = Azur
巻号頁・発行日
no.15, pp.61-78, 2014
著者
諸岡 晴美 河上 朋子 諸岡 英雄
出版者
社団法人 繊維学会
雑誌
繊維学会誌 (ISSN:00379875)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.65, no.12, pp.325-331, 2009 (Released:2010-02-02)
被引用文献数
4 5

This study aims to obtain some guidelines for designing school bags that will reduce the body load. We analyzed school bag factors that affect shoulder strap pressure in terms of the shape of strap, its cramp and waist belt. Waist belts are not used usually in school bag design. However we thought that it would be useful for reducing the body load. Seven pupils were used as test subjects. The strap pressure of the shoulder part of the curved strap was lower than that of the straight strap. But the maximum pressure and standard deviation of the curved strap were larger than that of the straight strap. The curved strap was dependent on subject's body size. An important factor was the shape of the curve. The strap pressure of the pivoting cramp was lower than that of the fixed one. Therefore, it was shown that the pivoting cramp reduced the body load. The strap pressure of school bag with waist belt tended to reduce the body load. But the effectiveness of some waist belts were dependent on the subject's height. In particular, the waist belt with the soft and wide pad didn't fit some tall subjects. It was suggested that the change in the height of one's waist due to growth was the most important factor.