著者
佐藤 康太
出版者
国文学研究資料館
雑誌
国文学研究資料館紀要. アーカイブズ研究篇 = The bulletin of the National Institute of Japanese Literature. 人間文化研究機構国文学研究資料館 編 (ISSN:18802249)
巻号頁・発行日
no.12, pp.35-56, 2016-03

本稿は、近年新たに「大学史料編纂室」を設置した立正大学を事例に、年史編纂事業から大学アーカイブズへの発展へ向けた動向について考察するものである。まずアーカイブズ設立前史として、これまで立正大学において行われてきた周年記念事業(大学史編纂)に係る組織の変遷と、その過程で収集された大学史資料の保存管理状況や、現在までの伝来経緯をあきらかにする。つづいて、立正大学における「文書保存要領」などの現行規程類を参考に、今後の資料収集計画(レコードマネージメント)について展望を述べるとともに、その実践へ向けた現状の課題を整理する。また、先行研究に拠りつつ、実際に立正大学史料編纂室が所蔵する資料群に対して、適用可能な編成理論について検討をおこない、その有力な選択肢の一つとして「シリーズ・システム」について触れる。最後に、その実践として、現在計画中の「シリーズ・システム」のイメージを参考とした、リレーショナル・データベースによる目録検索システムの導入についても、その概要の一部を紹介する。なお、本事例における大学史資料の来歴検証の結果として浮き彫りとなった、大学組織内におけるアーカイブズの存在意義やその在り方についても、若干の私見を述べる。The purpose of this paper considers Rissho University which established "university archives" newly in recent years about the trend for the university archives establishment in a case.First of all, it's checked about establishment commemoration business of the past and a change in its organization in Rissho University. And I make it clear about management conditions of the university record collected by the process of the university history compilation. Second, future's view for decision of a record collection plan and the practice and problem are described by making reference to a present regulation of "documentary preservation point" etc. in Rissho University. Next when classifying a university record material group of Rissho University, applicable classifying process theory is considered and "series system" is taken up as one of the strong choices. Finally, The part of the outline is also introduced about introduction of the material catalog search system by the relational database which made the image of "series system" reference that it's being planned at present.
著者
永野 結香 栗山 容子
出版者
一般社団法人 日本発達心理学会
雑誌
発達心理学研究 (ISSN:09159029)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.27, no.1, pp.83-93, 2016

本研究では歯科治療下における就学前児の不快情動行動,言語的情動調整方略,治療への適合行動の3つの側面から,その発達的特徴を検討することを目的とした。対象児は年少児(3:1~3:9)7名と年長児(5:0~6:5)8名で,う蝕治療の初診時に行動評定とチェックリスト,ICレコーダーの録音記録による参加観察を行った。不快情動行動は治療開始期と終了期の評定値の差から不快情動継続群と沈静群を判定した。また言語的情動調整方略を子どもの発話カテゴリの基礎分析から定義して,情動中心(EC)方略と問題中心(PC)方略を判定した。その結果,年少児群では不快情動が継続したが,年長児群は非表出か沈静化していた。また年少児群はすべてEC方略であり,年長児群ではPC方略であったことから,不快情動の沈静化にPC方略の効果が窺われた。また情動調整行動としての治療への適合行動を,治療者の指示に従う受動的行動と自ら行う主体的行動から検討した結果,受動的,主体的いずれの適合行動数も年長児群のほうが多いが,年長児群であっても主体的行動数が受動的行動数を上回ることはなかった。このことから非日常的な治療場面の自己調整行動は日常的な場面よりも困難である傾向が窺われた。これらの結果は発達的特徴を考慮した患者対応の理論的,実証的根拠になると考えられる。
著者
谷口 やすよ
出版者
公益財団法人史学会
雑誌
史學雜誌 (ISSN:00182478)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.87, no.11, pp.1578-1596, 1675-1674, 1978-11

The aim of this paper is to elucidate the character and function of the Empress in the Han Empire with regard to Imperial succession. The Empress's political character and function was derived from her being the legitimate wife of the Emperor who was at the apex of the ruling structure. It was a Chinese ideal that succession to the throne should be from among those who held the Mandate of Heaven (徳), but were of a different family lineage. In reality, however, a great deal of effort was made to keep succession within the same family line. The descendants of the founder of the dynasty succeeded to the throne by carrying out a number of procedures which transferred the Mandate of Heaven to them. The Empress, though not of the same family line as the Emperor, had the function of transferring the Mandate of Heaven to the Imperial successor in lieu of the Emperor, if the latter died without appointing a successor. There were three instances of this in the Former Han Dynasty and eight in the Latter Han Dynasty. This type of succession arose because the Imperial couple were both regarded as serving the Emperor's Ancestral Shrine (宗廟) and ruling over his Dominions together. Since the Empress worshipped at the Emperor's Ancestral Shrine as his legitimate wife, she also had the role of appointing a successor from the Imperial lineage on behalf of the deceased Emperor. This role of the Emperor's legitimate wife was utilized in the Hsin Revolution (新革命) of the Former Han dynasty. Despite being a name change revolution (易姓革命), the Hsin Revolution was made to appear as if it were a succession within the same family line.
著者
安永 知晃
出版者
史学研究会 (京都大学大学院文学研究科内)
雑誌
史林 (ISSN:03869369)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.98, no.6, pp.779-805, 2015-11

前漢代は最末期を除いて皇帝との実際の血縁・姻戚関係によって皇后・皇太后の尊卑秩序が構築されていた。文帝や昭帝が生母を皇太后に尊び、哀帝が実の祖母や生母を尊位に即けていたようにである。皇帝の妻・母である皇后・皇太后の地位自体も、皇帝に近いが故に諸侯王国の王后や王太后に比して格上げされ続けた。こうした秩序立ては前漢末には「漢家の制」と回顧され皇帝の至尊性を示すのに一定の効果があったが、皇帝ごとに秩序が構築されるため、非嫡子の皇帝が即位すると生母と先代皇后との尊卑が逆転し政治的対立を生むこともあった。しかし前漢末に皇后の地位が確立し皇太后となるための基本的地位となったことで、実際の血縁関係に左右されることのない、皇帝を中心とした礼制上の関係による秩序が構築されることになった。これにより、秩序の逆転や皇太后と皇帝生母の対立による政治的混乱は回避されるようになる。皇后位の確立は、実際の母子関係に左右されない安定的な皇帝支配体制をもたらしたのである。The Former Han period was that of the establishment of the broad framework of the imperial system, and a body of studies on the Former Han has been compiled, but the structure of the status order of the elite of the Han Empire has not been examined sufficiently. The status order of the elite was both a large-scale framework within the imperial system, but as it was also deeply related to concept of political rule during the period, elucidating it is a necessary step in clarifying the rule of the emperor during the Han period. In this article, I focus on the fact that the institution of the Hanjia (漢家之制: the ruling house of the Han), which entailed favoring the mother of the reigning emperor, is concentrated in historical sources from the last period of the Former Han and the early period of the Latter Han, and aim to elucidate the process of the establishment of imperial rule in the Han period by clarifying the changes in the status of the huanghou (皇后: empress) and huangtaihou (皇太后: empress dowager). In this article, I carefully re-examine the appellations huanghou and huangtaihou and those for the consorts of the emperors, and the fact that I compare the inner courts of the emperors with those of the Feudal Lords is a methodological characteristic of this study. Previous research has employed the actions of the huanghou and huangtaihou as the object of study, yet these were governed not only by these women's individual characters but also frequently limited by political circumstances and are thus not appropriate for an objective diachronic approach. From this point of view, taking the absolute change of appellations in the inner court, and making a comparison of the inner courts of the emperor and those of the Feudal Lords are convenient ways to grasp relative changes during the Han Empire, and effective in marking the changes in the position of the huanghou and huangtaihou. As a result of this consideration, it has become clear that the status of the huanghou and huangtaihou were intimately related to that of the emperor and an impetus for the growth of the system of imperial rule. In the Former Han monarchy the status of the huanghou and huangtaihou continued to be elevated, in contrast to that of wives and mothers of the Feudal Lords, in order to increase reverence for the emperor, and this was ultimately because they were wives or mothers of an emperor. Before the huangtaihou was appeared as appellation of mother of emperor in the historical material, Empress Lu (呂后), the wife of Emperor Gao Zu (高祖), was in particular called huangtaihou by her ministers as she ruled with the heir following her husband's death, and based of this, Emperor Wen Di (文帝), who had risen to the rank of emperor from that of Lord, honored his mother Consort Bo (薄氏) by calling her huangtaihou, which is a representative example of this trend. As Emperor Wen Di was no longer a Feudal Lord but an emperor his mother Consort Bo was not to be addressed as a mother of a Lord (王太后: wangtaihou) and must be called by the appellation fit for the mother of an emperor. Empress Lu and Consort Bo were related to Emperor Gao Zu as wife and concubine, but what was important was the sole fact that they were mothers of emperors. It was necessary to honor Consort Bo with the title huangtaihou as Empress Lu had been. In this manner, this way of ordering the world (called the Hanjia Institution at the close of the Former Han) used actual relationships to an emperor by blood or marriage as the criteria. On the one hand, the status of consorts of the emperor was elevated in relative terms, but the consorts of the Feudal Lords could not use high status appellations, and they received little financial support. In this ordering of the world, the tendency to favor the mother was visible prior to the Han, and it can be located as an undercurrent from the Qin of the Warring States Period. The Hanjia Institution can be understood as demonstrating ultimate reverence for the emperor on the one hand, but as each emperor constructed the order, the reversal of the status order could occur and become a cause of political confrontation. However, the status of the huanghou and huangtaihou was firmly established through the impetus of the strengthening of Wang Mang (王莽)' s power base at the end of the Former Han, and this also led to changes in criteria for ordering the world. While Wang Mang was the nephew of the taihuangtaihou (太皇太后: grand empress dowager), as he lost power in the period of Emperor Ai Di (哀帝) and suffered bitter setbacks, he aimed to enhance the status of the huanghou, which was the fundamental position of the taihuangtaihou, in order to harden his political base. As a result, the status of the huanghou became recognized as the fundamental position for becoming huangtaihou, and a consort would never again become huangtaihou in place of the huanghou. This was a shift from ordering the world based on actual blood relationships to the emperor to one of ordering the world based on relations in a ritual system based on the medium of parent-child relations of a ritual system born out of the imperial succession. Thus, there would be no reversal in the status order, and political turmoil caused by confrontation between the huangtaihou and the mother of the emperor was avoided. The establishment of the status of the huanghou brought about a stable system of imperial rule that was not swayed by actual blood relations.
著者
國安 洋
出版者
美学会
雑誌
美学 (ISSN:05200962)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.27, no.3, pp.10-22, 1976

Oft fuhrt man als Merkmale der Wiener klassischen Musik Kontraste, Affektwechsel, Homophonie, Symmetrie, Periode, Liedtypus, obligates Akkompagnement, Sonatenform, motivische Arbeit und Gruppenbildung an. Aber sind solche Merkmale nicht die wesentlichen, die die Wiener Klassikern von den Vorklassikern und von den Romantikern trennen. Die Klassiker schaffen die neue geistige Wirklichkeit, die als das Erfassen des spezifisch menschlichen Handelns verstanden werden soll. Und Th. Georgiades bestimmt diese neue Haltung der Wiener Klassik als die Theater-Struktur im Gegensatz zu Epos-Struktur (Bach) und zu Lyrik-Struktur (Schubert). 1. Theater-Struktur. Sie weist als die Struktur des Hier-und-Jetzt und des mensch-lichen Gegenuber das wesenhafte Merkmal des Korperhaften auf. Und "Erst und allein die Wiener klassische Musik macht den dem musikalischen Phanomen latent innewohnenden Sinn des Korperhaften nun auch als Struktur ausdrucklich und weist eine spezifische Struktur-Analogie zum freien menschlichen Handeln auf." Und diese Theater-Struktur verkorpert sich am hochstens in der Musik Mozarts, besonders im Theater Mozarts als einem genuin-musikalischen Theater. 2. Diskontinuitat. Satztechnisches Merkmal dieser Theater-Haltung ist die Diskontinuitat, das Prinzip der selbstandigen Glieder, also der Zusammenstellung des Satzes aus kleinen selbststandigen Impulsen. 3. Der neue, gelauterte Taktbegriff. Jedes Glied des Satzes ist, als ein fester Korper, in sich kompakt, fur sich hermetisch geschlossen, den anderen heterogen. Doch das Ganze ist eine Einheit. Und das, was die Einheit gewahrleistet ist der neue, gelauterte Taktbegriff. 4. Einheit. Sie ist nicht die im objektiv-musikalischen Werke vorgefundene Ordnung, sondern besteht erst beim auffassenden Ich, kann nur im vom Gegenstand abstrahierten Geist hergestellt werden.
著者
野木 恵一
出版者
海人社
雑誌
世界の艦船
巻号頁・発行日
no.814, pp.128-133, 2015-04
著者
中山 卓弥 真壁 朝敏 藤川 正毅 新川 和夫
出版者
一般社団法人 日本高圧力技術協会
雑誌
圧力技術 (ISSN:03870154)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.54, no.2, pp.50-59, 2016

The fatigue limit and crack growth behavior of slit specimens of epoxy base carbon composites were investigated. The fatigue limit was defined by maximum stress amplitude that the specimen endured 106 times stress repeating. Also, that was calculated by net stress at ligament. Carbon fiber directions were parallel and perpendicular to the load axis. The highest value of fatigue limit was obtained when all fiber directions were parallel to the load axis. However, crack grew along the fiber direction or load axis in the case of long slit. In the cases of two carbon directions that is, parallel and perpendicular to the load axis, the fatigue limits were evaluated from the result of the specimen that all carbon directions were parallel to the load axis. When measured value of fatigue limit was higher than the evaluated value, it was expected that the strain constraint occurred due to resistance of fiber in perpendicular to the load axis. When the measured value was lower, the peeling of fiber from epoxy was expected to be occurred. According to those results, it was expected that fatigue limit of smooth specimen of carbon composites with long fiber can be evaluated from the results of slit specimens
著者
内田 成 荒木 順一 青山 良一 西 静雄
出版者
日本雑草学会
雑誌
雑草研究 (ISSN:0372798X)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.43, no.4, pp.300-306, 1998-12-28
参考文献数
23
被引用文献数
1

グリホサートによるスギナ防除に及ぼす生育ステージの影響を検討するため, 1/5000a ポットに生育させたスギナを供試して, グロースチャンバー内で実験を行った。栄養茎の生育初期(草丈3〜13cm・分枝前〜分枝始期), 栄養茎の生育盛期(草丈15〜25cm・分枝盛期), 栄養茎の衰退期(草丈15〜30cm・自然壊死始期)の3時期にグリホサートを処理した結果, スギナ防除には生育盛期の処理が最も有効であった。次に, グリホサートによるスギナ防除に及ぼす土壌水分ストレスの影響を検討するため, 土壌を乾燥させて栄養茎の先端部分が萎凋するまでストレスを与えた試験区と, 通常に灌水を行って土壌を常時適湿状態に保った試験区を設定してグリホサートを処理した結果, ストレスを与えたスギナよりも通常に灌水を行ったスギナの方がグリホサートの影響を強く受けた。
著者
小田 佐智子 オダ サチコ Oda Sachiko
出版者
大阪大学大学院文学研究科社会言語学研究室
雑誌
阪大社会言語学研究ノート
巻号頁・発行日
vol.14, pp.67-75, 2016-03

本稿では岐阜方言における原因・理由表現にみられるモンデを取り上げ、その形式的特徴と意味的特徴を記述した。モンデの特徴をまとめると以下のようになる。(1)モンデは、従属節に推量や当然性判断など、話し手の確信の度合いが強いモダリティを取ることはできず(§2.2)、主節は叙述文または依頼とのみ共起することができる(§2.3)。(2)モンデの基本的意味は、「話し手の主観によって事態の判断や主張を述べるものではなく、話し手の主観から切り離した事態の因果関係を説明するもの」である。(§3.1)(3)モンデは、話し手の意識の外で生じた事態の原因・理由を述べる形式であるため、話し手の意識や意志が介在していないことを押し出したいような言い訳や弁明、偶発的な出来事に対する弁明の場面において使用されやすい(§3.2)。
著者
佐野 謙一
出版者
社団法人日本鉄鋼協会
雑誌
鉄と鋼 (ISSN:00211575)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.73, no.2, pp.380-386, 1987
被引用文献数
2 7

The effect of loading rate on fracture toughness of 9% Ni steels with four levels of Charpy absorption energy was studied at various loading rates between impact and static at -196&deg;C. In contrast to the ordinary ferritic steel, the fracture toughness of 9% Ni steel was foud to increase with the loading rate above 20mm/min. The transition of the fracture mode from brittle to ductile took place at the loading rate of 100mm/min, the fracture was completely ductile above this level. The dynamic fracture toughness, <I>K</I><SUB>d</SUB>, was greater than the static one, <I>K</I><SUB>c</SUB>. These observations are attributed to the temperature rise at a crack tip during the adiabatic heating at high strain rate, which is emphasized by decreased specific heat and the thermal conductivity at -196&deg;C. The temperature rise during the fracture was measured by a Cu-Constantan thermocouple, and was in good accordance with the previous theoretical prediction. The observed maximum temperature rise was 188&deg;C. The results suggest that not only in 9% Ni steel but in other metals and alloys as well the effect of temperature rise at a crack tip can be an important factor in the dynamic fracture.