著者

森田 哲夫 平川 浩文 坂口 英 七條 宏樹 近藤 祐志

出版者

日本霊長類学会

雑誌

霊長類研究 Supplement 第29回日本霊長類学会・日本哺乳類学会2013年度合同大会

巻号頁・発行日

pp.52, 2013 (Released:2014-02-14)

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消化管共生微生物の活動を通して栄養素の獲得を行う動物は微生物を宿すいわゆる発酵槽の配置により前胃(腸)発酵動物と後腸発酵動物に大別される.消化管の上流に微生物活動の場がある前胃発酵の場合,発酵産物と微生物体タンパク質はその後の消化管を食物とともに通過し通常の消化吸収を受ける.一方,後腸発酵ではその下流に充分に機能する消化管が存在せず,微生物が産生した栄養分は一旦ふりだしに戻り,消化を受ける必要がある.その手段として小型哺乳類の多くが自らの糞を食べる.このシンポジウムでは消化管形態が異なる小型哺乳類を対象にこの食糞の意義について考える. 糞食はウサギ類に不可欠の生活要素で高度な発達がみられる.発酵槽は盲腸で,小腸からの流入物がここで発酵される.盲腸に続く結腸には内容物内の微細片を水分と共に盲腸に戻す仕組みがある.この仕組みが働くと硬糞が,休むと軟糞が形成される.硬糞は水気が少なく硬い扁平球体で,主に食物粗片からなる.一方,軟糞は盲腸内容物に成分が近く,ビタミン類や蛋白などの栄養に富む.軟糞は肛門から直接摂食されてしまうため,通常人の目に触れない.軟糞の形状は分類群によって大きく異なり,Lepus属では不定形,Oryctolagus属では丈夫な粘膜で包まれたカプセル状である.Lepus属の糞食は日中休息時に行われ,軟糞・硬糞共に摂食される. ヌートリア,モルモットの食糞はウサギ類と同様に飼育環境下でも重要な栄養摂取戦略として位置付けられる.摂取する糞(軟糞,盲腸糞)は盲腸内での微生物の定着と増殖が必須であるが,サイズが小さい動物は消化管の長さや容量が,微生物の定着に十分な内容物滞留時間を与えない.そこで,近位結腸には微生物を分離して盲腸に戻す機能が備えられ,盲腸内での微生物の定着と増殖を保証している.ヌートリア,モルモットでは,この結腸の機能は粘液層への微生物の捕捉と,結腸の溝部分の逆蠕動による粘液の逆流によってもたらされるもので,ウサギとは様式が大きく異なる.この違いは動物種間の消化戦略の違いと密接に関わっているようにみえる. ハムスター類は発達した盲腸に加え,腺胃の噴門部に明確に区分された大きな前胃を持つ複胃動物である.ハムスター類の前胃は消化腺をもたない扁平上皮細胞であることや,前胃内には微生物が存在することなどが知られているが,食物の消化や吸収には影響を与えず,その主な機能は明らかとはいえない.一方,ウサギやヌートリアと比較すると食糞回数は少ないが,ハムスター類にとっても食糞は栄養,特にタンパク質栄養に大きな影響を与える.さらに,ハムスター類では食糞により後腸で作られた酵素を前胃へ導入し,これが食物に作用するという,ハムスター類の食糞と前胃の相互作用によって成り立つ,新たな機能が認められている

著者

Zhong Cheng Lan Wang Ye Gu Shao Hu

出版者

一般社団法人 インターナショナル・ハート・ジャーナル刊行会

雑誌

International Heart Journal (ISSN:13492365)

巻号頁・発行日

pp.14-303, (Released:2015-04-23)

被引用文献数

2 8

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Ultrafiltration (UF) is an alternative strategy to diuretic therapy for the treatment of patients with decompensated heart failure. The impact of UF in decompensated heart failure with renal insufficiency remains unclear. A literature search was conducted for randomized controlled trials (RCTs) that investigated the use of UF in decompensated heart failure patients with renal insufficiency.Seven RCTs with 569 participants were eligible for analysis. There was significantly more 48 hour weight loss (WMD 1.59, 95% CI 0.32 to 2.86; P = 0.01; I2 = 68%) and 48 hour fluid removal (WMD 1.23, 95% CI 0.63 to 1.82; P < 0.0001; I2 = 43%) in the UF group compared to the control group. Serum creatinine (WMD 0.05; 95% CI -0.23 to 0.33; P = 0.61; I2 = 77%) and serum creatinine changes (WMD 0.05; 95% CI -0.15 to 0.26; P = 0.61; I2 = 77%) were similar between the UF and control groups. All-cause mortality (OR 0.95; 95% CI 0.58 to 1.55; P = 0.83; I2 = 0.0%) and all-cause rehospitalization (OR 0.97; 95% CI 0.49 to 1.92; P = 0.94; I2 = 52%) were also similar between the UF and control groups. Adverse events such as infection, anemia, hemorrhage, worsening heart failure, and other cardiac disorders did not differ significantly between the UF and control groups.UF is an effective and safe therapeutic strategy and produces greater weight loss and fluid removal without affecting renal function, mortality, or rehospitalization in patients with decompensated heart failure complicated by renal insufficiency.

著者

紀平 正美

出版者

公益社団法人 日本心理学会

雑誌

心理研究 (ISSN:18841066)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.1, no.2, pp.119-151, 1912-02-01 (Released:2010-07-16)

著者

Shigemasa Tani Atsuhiko Takahashi Ken Nagao Atsushi Hirayama

出版者

一般社団法人 インターナショナル・ハート・ジャーナル刊行会

雑誌

International Heart Journal (ISSN:13492365)

巻号頁・発行日

pp.14-243, (Released:2015-04-23)

被引用文献数

1 23

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We investigated the relationships between the ratio of serum n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (n-3PUFAs: eicosapentaenoic acid [EPA] and docosahexaenoic acid [DHA]) to n-6PUFA (arachidonic acid [AA]) and the prevalence of coronary artery disease (CAD), and assessed the association of the ratio of serum n-3 to n-6 PUFAs with atherosclerosis-related markers.This study was designed as a hospital-based cross-sectional study of 649 consecutive outpatients who had undergone regular examinations between April 2009 and October 2009. We divided the patients into 5 groups based on the quintiles of the EPA/AA ratio or quintiles of the DHA/AA ratio to determine independent factors for the prevalence of CAD.In multivariate logistic regression analyses after adjustment for coronary risk factors and serum n-3PUFAs levels to minimize confounding factors to the extent possible because the serum levels of EPA and DHA showed a strong correlation (r = 0.812, P < 0.0001), the group with the highest EPA/AA ratio had a lower probability of CAD prevalence (odds ratio: 0.328, 95% confidence interval: 0.113 to 0.956, P = 0.041), but this was not true for the DHA/AA ratio. Multivariate analysis showed an increase in the EPA/AA ratio, but not in the DHA/AA ratio, was associated with effects on atherosclerosis-related markers, especially triglyceride-rich lipoproteins, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) containing apolipoprotein A-1, and leukocyte count in an anti-atherogenic direction.The results suggest a higher EPA/AA ratio, but not a higher DHA/AA ratio, might be associated with a lower prevalence of CAD and improvements of triglyceride metabolism and HDL metabolism, and systemic inflammation.

著者

加藤 元義

出版者

一般社団法人 日本農村医学会

雑誌

日本農村医学会雑誌 (ISSN:04682513)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.18, no.4, pp.186-188, 1970-03-01 (Released:2011-02-17)

著者

廣川 堯敏

出版者

JAPANESE ASSOCIATION OF INDIAN AND BUDDHIST STUDIES

雑誌

印度學佛教學研究 (ISSN:00194344)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.32, no.2, pp.774-778, 1984-03-25 (Released:2010-03-09)

著者

氣多 雅子

出版者

公益財団法人 日本学術協力財団

雑誌

学術の動向 (ISSN:13423363)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.11, no.2, pp.55-55, 2006-02-01 (Released:2009-12-21)

著者

Nur Shazwani ROSLI Abdul Azeez KADAR HAMSA

出版者

Eastern Asia Society for Transportation Studies

雑誌

Journal of the Eastern Asia Society for Transportation Studies (ISSN:18811124)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.10, pp.1171-1188, 2013 (Released:2013-12-21)

参考文献数

25

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This paper investigates the effects of road hump on traffic volume and noise level in a residential area in Kuala Lumpur. Field surveys were administered to measure data on traffic volume and noise level at three selected roads at Taman Keramat residential area in Kuala Lumpur. Measurement on noise levels such as LAeq, LAFmax, and LAFmin and traffic volume were undertaken for about 12 hours. The findings show that the highest traffic volume (563 vehicles per hour) and the highest noise level (75dB(A)) was measured at Road 1. The correlation analysis indicates a similar pattern in the relationship between traffic volume and noise level especially at Road 2 and Road 3. Finally, this paper concludes in drawing attention to conduct further studies on the effects of road humps in other residential areas in Kuala Lumpur to implement measures for a pleasant, harmonious and safe living environment for the community.

著者

藤原 邦達

出版者

一般社団法人 日本調理科学会

雑誌

調理科学 (ISSN:09105360)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.23, no.1, pp.60-72, 1990-02-20 (Released:2013-04-26)

参考文献数

8

被引用文献数

1

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The contents and cooking methods of many kinds of dishes in various places of the world may be recorded by standardized and unified terms.By means of substituting the special cookery signs for such terms and arranging these sings according to definitive rules, it is possible to describe the contents and cookery methods of all sorts of dishes as the chain of these special cookery signs.For instance, YAKIIMO (broiled sweet potatoes), one of the most simple and typical Japanese cooking methods can be recorded as 2M=1: SWEET POTATO (PO),120g,1/1,2: W 1. S9(-),3: I12,6: H 46,180°C,20 min,9: Y12In the near future, if such a standardized cookery signs method as this is improved and adopted for the purpose of recording and describing worldwide varieties of human dishes, it will be very useful and beneficial for every nation to understand food and nutritional culture.Besides, in the recent computerization of office work and life, this cookery signs method should have significant benefit for cooking recipe indication, deta base setting and other terminological purposes in various practical fields.

著者

井上 雅裕 長谷川 浩志 陳 新開

出版者

公益社団法人 日本工学教育協会

雑誌

工学教育 (ISSN:13412167)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.61, no.2, pp.2_55-2_61, 2013 (Released:2013-03-22)

参考文献数

11

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College of Systems Engineering and Science, Shibaura Institute of Technology was founded in 1991. Each department in the college has delivered specific major education and shared common interdisciplinary education of systems engineering. The knowledge and skills in systems engineering including project management are necessary for engineers who solve technical as well as social and interdisciplinary problems. We define our interdisciplinary education by emphasizing systems approach with interdisciplinary communication and teamwork skill for solving real problems in society. The main part of interdisciplinary education consists of three lectures and three Project-Based Learning (PBL) for mixed students of five departments. In this paper, learning outcomes design, course design, execution, and assessment are described.

著者

青木 秀幸 鎌田 元弘 西崎 泰 山上 登久

出版者

公益社団法人 日本工学教育協会

雑誌

工学教育 (ISSN:13412167)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.59, no.2, pp.2_58-2_65, 2011 (Released:2011-04-06)

参考文献数

9

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The purpose of our study was to examine the effectiveness of learning assessments with rubric in architectural and machizukuri educations. Analysis of validation of the learning assessments with rubric in class management and educational effects were made using analysis of the result of self-diagnos, questionnaires, and interview. As a result, the original method with Learning Assessments was found to have the function to make things more available for Learning Support to each Student in Group Learning. Our study revealed that there educational effects which developed students′ understanding in community welfare plan, leads effective self-reflection.

著者

井上 雅裕 丸山 智子 永谷 裕子

出版者

公益社団法人 日本工学教育協会

雑誌

工学教育 (ISSN:13412167)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.61, no.5, pp.5_34-5_39, 2013 (Released:2013-10-13)

参考文献数

11

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The knowledge and skills in systems engineering are necessary for engineers and students in all engineering fields. We introduced leadership and human skill education with interdisciplinary communication. Leadership education in conjunction with lectures, role-play, real experience and pseudo experience with the use of simulator provides students with experience as well as knowledge, and accelerates the process of acquiring leadership skills. We introduce a new educational approach which links a variety of pseudo experience with real actions of students in university research and engineering activities. The education links knowledge, pseudo experience and real action to improve students’ leadership. The learning outcomes of education were assessed by rubric and learning portfolio.

著者

ジェームズ レイモ

出版者

日本家族社会学会

雑誌

家族社会学研究 (ISSN:0916328X)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.20, no.2, pp.2_60-2_70, 2008-10-31 (Released:2009-11-20)

参考文献数

107

被引用文献数

1

著者

Mari Ogura Masayuki Yagi Keitaro Nomoto Ryo Miyazaki Masaya Kongoji Show Watanabe Umenoi Hamada Yoshikazu Yonei

出版者

Japanese Society of Anti-Aging Medicine

雑誌

ANTI-AGING MEDICINE (ISSN:18822762)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.8, no.5, pp.60-68, 2011 (Released:2011-09-17)

参考文献数

58

被引用文献数

1

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Objective: Previous epidemiological surveys of diet indicated a potential relationship between fruit intake and the pathogenesis of lifestyle-related disease. Recent reports indicate grapefruit (GF) may affect sugar metabolism. The present study measured glucose, triglyceride and insulin levels in human blood after GF ingestion with and without other foods.Methods: Twelve healthy, non-smoking female volunteers, non-obese (age 40.5 ± 4.2 years old, BMI 22.0 ± 0.9) were provided with five different breakfasts on successive days: GF, bread or fried vegetables alone, GF + bread, GF + fried vegetables. In meals that included GF, the GF was eaten before the bread or fried vegetables. Blood samples were taken after meals to measure plasma glucose, immuno reactive insulin (IRI), triglyceride and vitamin C.Results: Plasma glucose following a meal of bread or fried vegetables or a meal of bread and fried vegetables with GF was similar. Insulin secretion was slower after a meal of GF alone compared to bread alone (p < 0.001) and the area under curve (AUC) of glucose per carbohydrate intake was lower when GF was eaten prior to bread or fried vegetables than after a single intake of bread or fried vegetables alone (p < 0.001). The AUC of triglyceride after a prior intake of GF before fried vegetables was slower than that after an intake of fried vegetables alone (p < 0.05). Blood vitamin C concentration increased after GF intake (p < 0.001).Conclusion: GF contains saccharides and a variety of dietary elements, including fiber, vitamins, citric acid, naringenin and bergamottin. It is possible that these compounds may affect sugar and lipid metabolism.

著者

Yousuke MURATA James K. CHAMBERS Kazuyuki UCHIDA Ko NAKASHIMA Yasuko HANAFUSA Mitsutaka IKEZAWA Takashi SUGITA Hiroyuki NAKAYAMA

出版者

公益社団法人 日本獣医学会

雑誌

Journal of Veterinary Medical Science (ISSN:09167250)

巻号頁・発行日

pp.15-0105, (Released:2015-05-03)

被引用文献数

1 9

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A 10-year-old castrated male mixed-breed dog exhibited vomiting, lethargy and anorexia. An abdominal ultrasound examination revealed a focal dilation of the abdominal aorta. The dog died 2 days after examination, and necropsy revealed a ruptured aneurysm at the abdominal aorta between the kidneys. Histological examination revealed severe granulomatous and necrotizing pan-arteritis with fungal organisms. Graphium species was identified through DNA sequence analysis of the PCR product from formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded samples. To our knowledge, this is the first report of aortic aneurysm caused by Graphium species in a dog.

著者

Rui KANO Tomoko TAKAHASHI Takeshi HAYAKAWA Yoshiki YAMAYA Atsuhiko HASEGAWA Hiroshi KAMATA

出版者

公益社団法人 日本獣医学会

雑誌

Journal of Veterinary Medical Science (ISSN:09167250)

巻号頁・発行日

pp.14-0454, (Released:2015-05-03)

被引用文献数

3 11

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Feline upper respiratory tract infection due to Aspergillus spp. is considered an emerging disease, with the number of reported cases continuing to rise. In this study, we report the first case of feline sinonasal aspergillosis caused by Aspergillus fischeri in Japan. The patient presented after 2 months of progressive facial deformity around the nose and nasal discharge. The isolate from this case was susceptible to itraconazole (ITZ), voriconazole, and micafungin, but was resistant to amphotericine B. However, the infected cat died approximately 1 month after referral, despite treatment for 12 days ITZ administered orally at 10 mg/kg.

著者

太田 英利

出版者

日本爬虫両棲類学会

雑誌

爬虫両棲類学雑誌 (ISSN:02853191)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.13, no.3, pp.87-90, 1990-06-30 (Released:2009-03-27)

参考文献数

13

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琉球列島八重山諸島の西表島より,キノボリヤモリ(Hemiphyllodactylus typus typus)の1雌が採集された.これは本種の日本からの最初の記録である.今回採集された標本の外部形態について記載し,検討を加えた.この標本は,本亜種が西表島へ最近移入されたことを示すものと思われる.

著者

伊藤 裕子

出版者

公益社団法人 日本心理学会

雑誌

心理学研究 (ISSN:00215236)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.71, no.1, pp.57-63, 2000-04-25 (Released:2010-07-16)

参考文献数

34

被引用文献数

2 1

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This study investigated the influences of age and length of education on gender conception, and the influences in turn of the conception on gender-role attitudes and preference, with multiple regression analysis. Of a random sample of 1 500 Tokyo residents, aged between 20 and 60, 342 women and 313 men completed a questionnaire concerning their views of gender. The questions were structured to measure their agreement to gender-stereotyped opinions and behaviors. Results were as follows: (1) The older both men and women were, the more rigid their gender conception was. (2) The longer the respondent's education was, the more flexible their gender conception was. (3) These tendencies were stronger for women than men. (4) Pass analysis indicated that age, education, and parents' gender-typed expectation affected gender conception, which in turn influenced gender-role attitudes, and also that gender-roles were chosen on the basis of gender-role attitudes. It was concluded that age and length of education affected gender-role attitudes and preference, through gender conception in the context of gender schematic processing.

著者

笹井 一人 郡司 ペギオー幸夫

出版者

一般社団法人 人工知能学会

雑誌

人工知能学会全国大会論文集 第22回全国大会(2008)

巻号頁・発行日

pp.255, 2008 (Released:2009-07-31)

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動的な階層間の相互作用を部分-全体間の齟齬を解消しながら発展する系を抽象ヘテラルキーと呼ぶ。これを自己言及・フレーム問題の結合によって逆説的に構成する方法を提示し、例として細胞内情報伝達系を紹介する。