著者

新国 佳祐 邑本 俊亮

出版者

公益社団法人 日本心理学会

雑誌

心理学研究 (ISSN:00215236)

巻号頁・発行日

pp.85.13311, (Released:2014-06-01)

参考文献数

22

---

This study explored the effects of a comma on the processing of structurally ambiguous Japanese sentences with a semantic bias. A previous study has shown that a comma which is incompatible with an ambiguous sentence’s semantic bias affects the processing of the sentence, but the effects of a comma that is compatible with the bias are unclear. In the present study, we examined the role of a comma compatible with the sentence’s semantic bias using the self-paced reading method, which enabled us to determine the reading times for the region of the sentence where readers would be expected to solve the ambiguity using semantic information (the “target region”). The results show that a comma significantly increases the reading time of the punctuated word but decreases the reading time in the target region. We concluded that even if the semantic information provided might be sufficient for disambiguation, the insertion of a comma would affect the processing cost of the ambiguity, indicating that readers use both the comma and semantic information in parallel for sentence processing.

著者

A Düsterhus A Hense

出版者

CODATA

雑誌

Data Science Journal (ISSN:16831470)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.13, pp.67-78, 2014 (Released:2014-06-09)

参考文献数

22

被引用文献数

3

---

A peer review scheme comparable to that used in traditional scientific journals is a major element missing in bringing publications of raw data up to standards equivalent to those of traditional publications. This paper introduces a quality evaluation process designed to analyse the technical quality as well as the content of a dataset. This process is based on quality tests, the results of which are evaluated with the help of the knowledge of an expert. As a result, the quality is estimated by a single value only. Further, the paper includes an application and a critical discussion on the potential for success, the possible introduction of the process into data centres, and practical implications of the scheme.

著者

土屋 文人

出版者

公益社団法人 日本薬学会

雑誌

YAKUGAKU ZASSHI (ISSN:00316903)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.134, no.5, pp.595-598, 2014 (Released:2014-05-01)

参考文献数

3

---

In Japan, information technology (IT) in the medical field has prevailed as a means for handling claims for health insurance reimbursement. In contrast, IT is primarily used for electronic medical records in Western countries. Originally, preparation of health insurance claims was one of the outcomes of computerized medical information in Japan. As its protocols are already well established in Japan, information from the insurance claim system is hard to integrate into the Electronic Medical Chart system. To ensure drug safety, it is necessary to determine the number of users, and to accurately tabulate the incidence of adverse events. For this purpose, three kinds of information are required: prescription information, dispensing information, and drug administration information. Prescription information and dispensing information should be consistent with each other in content. Dispensing information is essential to identify the “substance” when adverse events occur. Drug administration information is the “true drug history”. With these three kinds of information, it should be possible to enter drug safety data as evidence. To accurately capture these three kinds of information, it is necessary to utilize Standard Drug Code and Standard Usage Master, suggesting that it may be necessary to reconstruct the current system.

著者

Aiko IGUCHI Nobuyuki SHIRANAGA Aya MATSUU Yoshiaki HIKASA

出版者

公益社団法人 日本獣医学会

雑誌

Journal of Veterinary Medical Science (ISSN:09167250)

巻号頁・発行日

pp.14-0139, (Released:2014-06-09)

被引用文献数

1 9

---

The efficacy of Malarone® alone and in combination with doxycycline (DOXY) against Babesia gibsoni infections was examined in 8 dogs. In all dogs except one treated with Malarone®, parasitemia decreased, and anemia improved soon after initiation of treatment. However, 3 of 4 dogs treated with Malarone® relapsed, and relapse was inhibited in 2 of 4 dogs treated with Malarone® and DOXY. All relapsed dogs responded well to the second treatment, but 1 dog relapsed again and did not respond to the third treatment. Malarone® may be useful for acute stage of B. gibsoni infections, and at least second repeating treatment might be effective.

著者

藤田 優子 中島 理恵 小野寺 祐加 白神 誠

出版者

一般社団法人日本医薬品情報学会

雑誌

医薬品情報学 (ISSN:13451464)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.16, no.1, pp.23-27, 2014-05-30 (Released:2014-06-09)

参考文献数

3

---

Introduction: A health assessment sheet was developed to establish a new method for post marketing surveillance (PMS) for nonprescription drugs, the status of which has recently been switched from prescription (Rx) to over-the-counter (OTC) to confirm the efficacy and safety of Rx-to-OTC switched drugs.  The assessment sheet was designed to evaluate adverse reactions that may be possibly induced by the drugs and to elicit spontaneous complaints from consumers.  An investigation using the assessment sheet had been conducted earlier for famotidine tablets.  While the earlier investigation suggested the effectiveness of the assessment method, it also revealed some issues.  After making improvements in the assessment sheet, another investigation was conducted for Loxonin®S.Method: Purchasers of Loxonin®S were asked to tick symptoms that were applicable to them among those listed in the sheet.  They were asked to revisit the pharmacy and complete the sheet for the second time after drug administration.  The possibility of adverse reactions was considered for the symptoms additionally chosen at the second visit and they were then compared with the adverse reactions described in the package insert of Loxonin®S.Results: Total 284 people completed the health assessment sheet at their first and second visits.  Of them, 44 people (15.5%) reported additional symptoms at the second visit.  Commonly reported symptom was “frequent experience of sleepiness,” “persistent headaches” and “fatigability.”Conclusion: The study suggested that the health assessment sheet can be an effective tool for PMS for nonprescription drugs immediately after the Rx-to-OTC switch and contributes to detecting adverse reactions of the drugs.

著者

宇夛 裕基 五十嵐 一彦 梅下 翔 藺上 圭子 河原 昌美

出版者

一般社団法人日本医薬品情報学会

雑誌

医薬品情報学 (ISSN:13451464)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.16, no.1, pp.10-15, 2014-05-30 (Released:2014-06-09)

参考文献数

12

---

Objective: There is enormous information flow via the Internet and papers.  Physicians require appropriate drug information from medical representatives (MRs), so fair promotion activities of MRs are necessary.  To clarify the activity and visiting aims of MRs, we investigated the visiting records for MRs.Methods: We improved the visiting record form because there were some gaps in the records.  Subsequently, we investigated the validity of the records.  The correlations between visiting numbers of MRs and both purchase prices of our hospital and scale of drug companies were also investigated.  Two months after revision of the visiting records, a questionnaire survey was administered among MRs to determine their thoughts about promotion activities.Results: The visiting numbers of MRs and companies did not change with revision of the visiting record.  Insufficient visiting records were significantly reduced from 5.1% to 0.8%.  There were no correlations between visiting numbers and purchase prices or scale of drug companies.  Meanwhile, sub-analysis of the visiting data indicated that MRs significantly promoted new drugs and drugs coming off patent.  The revision of visiting record format re-emphasized the importance of the visiting record on MRs.Discussion: Almost all MRs promoted their products fairly, as there was no correlation between the purchase price and company scale.  However, they may actively promote new drugs and those with patents that have elapsed.  The visiting records are useful to determine the promotion activities of MRs.

著者

Chiaki Kobayashi Hirokazu Endo Yukinari Ota Shinya Kobayashi Hirokatsu Onoda Yayoi Harada Kazutoshi Onogi Hirotaka Kamahori

出版者

(公社)日本気象学会

雑誌

SOLA (ISSN:13496476)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.10, pp.78-82, 2014 (Released:2014-05-14)

参考文献数

11

被引用文献数

6 51

---

As a subset of the Japanese 55-year Reanalysis (JRA-55) project, the Meteorological Research Institute of the Japan Meteorological Agency is conducting a global atmospheric reanalysis that assimilates only conventional surface and upper air observations, with no use of satellite observations, using the same data assimilation system as the JRA-55. The project, named the JRA-55 Conventional (JRA-55C), aims to produce a more homogeneous dataset over a long period, unaffected by changes in historical satellite observing systems. The dataset is intended to be suitable for studies of climate change or multi-decadal variability. The climatological properties deduced from the early results of the JRA-55C are similar to those of the JRA-55 in the troposphere and lower stratosphere, except for high southern latitudes. On the basis of forecast skill, the quality of the JRA-55C is inferior to that of the JRA-55, but the JRA-55C has better temporal homogeneity than the JRA-55. The skill of the latter changes during the JRA-55 period. We have completed 85% of the entire JRA-55C calculation as of February 2014. We expect that the JRA-55C will contribute to a much better understanding of the impact of changes in observing systems on climate trends and variability estimated from the JRA-55.

著者

福井 敏樹 山内 一裕 丸山 美江 佐藤 真美 高橋 英孝 山門 實

出版者

公益社団法人 日本人間ドック学会

雑誌

人間ドック (Ningen Dock) (ISSN:18801021)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.27, no.1, pp.29-35, 2012 (Released:2012-10-03)

参考文献数

13

---

目的:人間ドック健診は,生活習慣病の発症予防と早期治療,がんの早期発見と早期治療を大きな目的としている.しかしながら人間ドック健診と一般健診受診者の医療費について比較検討した報告はこれまでほとんどない.したがって今回我々は,通常の健診を毎年受けている集団(一般健診群)と毎年人間ドックを受け続けている集団(ドック健診群)における医療費の経年変化を比較検討し,毎年人間ドック健診を受け続けていれば,本当に一般健診以上の医療費削減効果があるのかを検討した.方法:対象は四国エリアの40歳代および50歳代のNTTグループ社員.平成15年度から17年度までの3年間連続での一般健診群と3年間連続でのドック健診群における年間医療費を,平成18年度から22年度まで5年間前向きに追跡した.結果:男性については,40歳代および50歳代の一般健診群では経年的に年間医療費が増加する傾向が見られた.5年間の累積医療費の両群の差は,40歳代は,男性約14.3万円,女性約-6.9万円であった.50歳代は,男性約33.0万円,女性約4.0万円であった.男性においては40歳代,50歳代共に両群の差が年々大きくなっていった.結論:50歳代男性では,人間ドック健診と一般健診との費用差額を考慮しても,毎年人間ドック健診を受けることに医療費削減効果があることが示された.

著者

川嶋 健嗣 只野 耕太郎

出版者

耳鼻咽喉科展望会

雑誌

耳鼻咽喉科展望 (ISSN:03869687)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.55, no.5, pp.359-363, 2012-10-15 (Released:2013-10-15)

参考文献数

3

---

Recently, increasing emphasis on quality-of-life issues in surgery such as relieving patient pain, reducing scarring, and shortening hospital stays has led to wider use of endoscopic surgery. In endoscopic surgery, forceps and other instruments are inserted through a hole made in the abdomen of the patient, and surgery is performed through visualization of the endoscopic image. Though this technique presents a lower burden to the patient than laparoscopic surgery, manipulation of instruments through the insertion hole used as a fulcrum complicates a free approach to the surgical target and demands advanced skills of surgeons.Consequently, there is active research on free movement of instrument tips through robotics technology in order to alleviate the burden on the physician. As commercialized in the well-known “da Vinci” system, these devices employ a master-slave system comprising a master console operated by the physician, and patient-side slave instruments manipulated after insertion into the body of the patient. The system allows remote procedures providing the sensation that one's own hands are located in the body. However, current master-slave systems operate solely through reliance on image data from an endoscopic camera, and development of devices allowing safer operation is needed. What is particularly desired is a system that senses contact or force at the slave-side instrument and delivers this information to the physician at the master console. However, practical considerations such as compactness and sterility make it undesirable to attach force sensors to forceps for observational purposes. Currently, the patient-side equipment is also driven by electromechanical motors. In such a context, we have worked on the development of a master slave robotic system for laparoscopic surgery with 7-DOFs. In this system, pneumatic actuators, instead of electric motors, are used to detect external forces based on pressure values without a force sensor. This approach reduces costs and sterilizability demands for forceps manipulator while enable haptic feedback to the surgeons. We have prototyped a model of surgical manipulators named IBIS for its resemblance to the bird which has high performance in the estimation of external force. We evaluated its performance in terms of force estimation. The forces acting on a joint are estimated during contact with the external environment. Our technical assist system is designed to deliver positioning commands from the master side to the slave side via the internet, estimate contact force at slave-side instrument tips based on the pressure differential with the pneumatic cylinder, and convey this information to the master side. The experimental results indicate that IBIS estimates external forces with a sensitivity of 0.5 N. We also conduct an in vivo experiment and confirm the effectiveness and improvement of the manipulator. Currently, through cooperation with Tokyo Medical and Dental University, animal experiments are ongoing to evaluate the efficacy of the system developed and to continue its improvement.

著者

Brugada症候群自動診断ワーキンググループ

出版者

一般社団法人 日本不整脈心電学会

雑誌

心電図 (ISSN:02851660)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.26, no.5, pp.758-767, 2006-09-25 (Released:2010-09-09)

参考文献数

14

被引用文献数

3 3

---

【背景】Brugada症候群においては, 心電図診断が最も重要である.この点, 心電図自動診断によるスクリーニングは本疾患の早期発見につながり, 致死的心室性不整脈による心事故発生の予防にも有用と考えられる.さらに, 本邦において, 欧米の心電図診断基準では本疾患が見逃される例も報告されている, 【方法】Brugada症候群の心電図診断において, V1~V3誘導におけるST-T偏位をA型: Coved型ST上昇 (J点≧0.2mV) , B型: Saddleback型ST上昇 (J点≧0.2mV) , C型: Coved型軽度ST上昇 (0.2mV>J点≧0.1mV) の3型に分類した.各型の心電図自動診断において必要な指標を, Brugada症候群の心電図を対象として, 右脚ブロック型心電図との識別から検討した.さらに, 各型において求められた指標を用いた自動診断基準により, Brugada症候群49例, 心電図548件および成人検診36, 674例, 小児・学童検診155, 999例を対象にして検証を加えた.【結果】 (1) A型ではBrugada症候群と右脚プロツクの識別において, J点≧0.2mVに加え, R'-R'40≦0.4mVおよびR'>R'40>R'80の基準項目を用い鑑別可能であった. (2) B型ではJ点≧0.2mVに加え, J点>ST最下点 (終末部) およびT波>ST最下点 (終末部) を用い検出可能であった. (3) C型では0.2mV>J点≧0.1mVに加え, A型のR'基準およびR'-R'40≧0.04mV, R'40-R'80≧0.04mVを追加項目とすることにより, 成人および小児におけるBrugada症候群と右脚ブロック心電図の鑑別が可能であった, (4) 以上の3型の自動診断基準を用いることにより, Brugada症候群心電図の診断率は高くなり, 成人および学童の検診例においてもBrugada症候群心電図の検出率に良好な結果が得られた, 【結語】Brugada症候群における心電図自動診断の基準は3型に分類でき, 検診にも有用であることが示された, 本邦における心電図自動診断に本基準を導入することにより, Brugada症候群の早期発見および予後判定につながると考えられた.

著者

竹中 亨

出版者

日本膜学会

雑誌

膜 (ISSN:03851036)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.12, no.4, pp.201-210, 1987-07-01 (Released:2011-03-04)

参考文献数

63

---

Recent studies on infrared and Raman spectra of monolayers, bilayers, and Langmuir-Blodgett (LB) films are reviewed. Regarding infrared measurements of these films, the transmission, attenuated total reflection (ATR), reflection-absorption (R-A), and surface electromagnetic wave (SEW) techniques are outlined. For Raman measurements, on the other hand, the external reflection, optical waveguide, and total internal reflection techniques are briefly described. The advancement of these techniques and the improvement in sensitivity of infrared and Raman spectrophotometers allowed us to study the structure and molecular orientation even in single monolayers at various interfaces.The infrared ATR spectroscopy of stearic acid LB films indicates that there exists the structural and orientational heterogenity among the first few monolayers. The R-A spectroscopy of cadmium arachidate LB films suggests the almost perpendicular orientation of the molecular axis on the silver substrate as well as significant disruption of molecular conformation and lateral packing during heating and melting processes. Application, of the total internal reflection spectroscopy to the study on resonance Raman spectra of spread monolayers on water and of adsorbed monolayers at an oil-water interface indicates changes in molecular orientation and interaction with changes in the amount of molecules in the monolayers.

著者

梶田 秀司 小林 彬

出版者

公益社団法人 計測自動制御学会

雑誌

計測自動制御学会論文集 (ISSN:04534654)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.23, no.3, pp.281-287, 1987-03-30 (Released:2009-03-27)

参考文献数

3

被引用文献数

8 22

---

In a study of the dynamic walk of a biped robot, it is required to extract the dominant dynamics of the walking machine by reducing the dimension of the motion equation in some way.As the dominant dynamics, the following properties are shown about inverted pendulum with expandable leg when an input force is provided to balance its vertical component with its own weight.1. The center of gravity moves horizontally.2. The horizontal movement of the center of gravity can be expressed by linear differential equation.It is confirmed that the same phenomenon is shown both at the inverted pendulum with torso both at the inverted pendulum made by 5 links. The orbit on which the center of gravity moves is named, the “Potential Energy Conserving Orbit.”Based on these properties, control laws were formulated for walk initiation, walk continuation, and walk termination. The walking speed is controlled through the leg exchanging condition. The possibility of dynamic walk of a biped robot has been confirmed by computer simulation. The manufactured walking machine has 4 DC motors in its torso, and has ostrichlike legs which have parallel link structure.Using this machine, we realized 5 stepsof dynamic walk, including walk initiation.

著者

梶田 秀司 金広 文男 金子 健二 藤原 清司 原田 研介 横井 一仁 比留川 博久

出版者

日本ロボット学会

雑誌

日本ロボット学会誌 (ISSN:02891824)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.22, no.6, pp.772-779, 2004-09-15 (Released:2010-08-25)

参考文献数

23

被引用文献数

1 2

---

We introduce a method to generate whole body motion of a humanoid robot such that the resulted total linear/angular momenta become specified values. First, we derive a linear equation which gives the total momentum of a robot from its physical parameters, the base link speed and the joint speeds. Constraints between the legs and the environment are also considered. The whole body motion is calculated from a given momentum reference by using a pseudoinverse of the inertia matrix. As examples, we generated kicking and walking motions and tested on an actual humanoid robot HRP-2. This method, the Resolved Momentum Control, gives us a unified framework to generate various maneuver of humanoid robots.

著者

米田 完

出版者

日本ロボット学会

雑誌

日本ロボット学会誌 (ISSN:02891824)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.16, no.7, pp.897-901, 1998-10-15 (Released:2010-08-25)

被引用文献数

2 2

著者

米田 完

出版者

日本ロボット学会

雑誌

日本ロボット学会誌 (ISSN:02891824)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.20, no.3, pp.265-266, 2002-04-15 (Released:2010-08-25)

参考文献数

4

被引用文献数

1

著者

二見 順 入江 浩彰 大江 修造 西 功

出版者

日本質量分析学会

雑誌

Journal of the Mass Spectrometry Society of Japan (ISSN:13408097)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.47, no.6, pp.386-388, 1999 (Released:2007-10-16)

---

In recent studies, it has been revealed that Helicobacter pylori (HP) causes stomach cancer, stomach ulcers, duodenal ulcers and chronic gastritis. The 13C-urea breath test (UBT) is one of the diagnostic methods for HP infection. A new UBT method with the respiratory mass spectrometer developed by authors continuously measures with on-line the amount of decomposed 13C-urea in the stomach after the administration of 13C-urea. Trial examinations by the new method were carried out with two subjects; one was diagnosed positive of HP infection and the other was negative by clinical examinations. Significant difference was found in the amount of decomposed 13C-urea between both subjects. The results presented in this paper demonstrate that the new UBT method is applicable to the clinical use in the diagnosis of HP infection.

著者

Samuel E. KAHNG

出版者

日本サンゴ礁学会

雑誌

Galaxea, Journal of Coral Reef Studies (ISSN:18830838)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.15, no.2, pp.39-40, 2013 (Released:2014-05-23)

参考文献数

4

被引用文献数

5

著者

鈴木 隆雄

出版者

一般社団法人 日本老年歯科医学会

雑誌

老年歯科医学 (ISSN:09143866)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.27, no.3, pp.269-275, 2013-01-16 (Released:2013-01-29)

参考文献数

17

著者

Jae Yun Cha Doo Chul Shin Seung Ho Shin Myung Mo Lee Kyoung Jin Lee Chang Ho Song

出版者

理学療法科学学会

雑誌

Journal of Physical Therapy Science (ISSN:09155287)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.26, no.5, pp.749-751, 2014 (Released:2014-05-29)

参考文献数

22

被引用文献数

1

---

[Purpose] This study examined the relationship between core stability and exercise intensity during a pulley-based shoulder exercise (PBSE) on an unstable support surface. [Subjects] Twenty healthy college students enrolled in this study. [Methods] Surface EMG was carried out in twenty healthy adult men. The electromyographic activities of the rectus abdominis (RA), erector spinae (ES), exercises with 14 kg or 26 kg of resistance and external oblique (EO) muscles during pulley-based shoulder on an unstable support surface (USS) were compared. [Results] The EMG signals of the RA, ES, and EO did not increase with increasing exercise resistance. [Conclusion] Increasing the exercise intensity to increase the core stability during PBSE on a USS may be ineffective.

著者

Yasuhiro Endo Masaaki Sakamoto

出版者

理学療法科学学会

雑誌

Journal of Physical Therapy Science (ISSN:09155287)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.26, no.5, pp.689-693, 2014 (Released:2014-05-29)

参考文献数

19

被引用文献数

4 55

---

[Purpose] The present study longitudinally investigated injury occurrences and the risk factors for muscle tightness, core stability, and dynamic standing balance among junior high school student baseball players. [Subjects] Thirty-nine male students, belonging to baseball clubs at 2 junior high schools, participated in this study. [Methods] Study measurements were obtained twice, once in the early stage of the baseball season (March) and once at the end of the season (July). All subjects underwent muscle tightness testing, the Star Excursion Balance Test (SEBT), and trunk endurance testing during each measurement session. [Results] Fifteen players experienced episodes of elbow or shoulder pain while throwing. Players in the pain group demonstrated a significant increase in the tightness of their shoulder internal rotators, axis-leg quadriceps, and axis-leg hamstrings. There was no clear evidence of differences of changes in core stability and dynamic standing balance between the groups. [Conclusion] The results of this study suggest that lower extremity muscle tightness early in a season and the subsequent decline in the flexibility of the axis-leg quadriceps and hamstrings during the season may be due to an increased upper extremity load while throwing, thus producing shoulder and elbow pain.