著者

林 裕造

出版者

日本環境変異原学会

雑誌

環境変異原研究 (ISSN:09100865)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.27, no.2, pp.81-89, 2005 (Released:2005-12-26)

参考文献数

9

被引用文献数

2 2

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A threshold represents the theoretically defined dose, below which no abnormal increase in response is observed. Genotoxic carcinogens are known to have an irreversible effect on the genetic cellular structure. Even in small amounts, genotoxic carcinogens are assumed to have additive effects and therefore to subject individuals exposed to them to an incremental risk of developing cancer.Based on this assumption, the no-threshold concept was introduced exclusively for genotoxic carcinogens and has been adopted in Japan as a basis for the regulatory risk assessment in case of such chemicals. The current regulatory policy adheres to the fundamental principle of food safety i.e. to the precedence of protecting people's health.Dose-response studies recently conducted on various genotoxic agents suggest the existence of a threshold. If confirmed, such findings may provide sufficient scientific evidence to substantiate the adoption of a threshold concept as the principle of the regulatory assessment of the risks of genotoxic carcinogens and their impact on health.It should however be emphasized that the limitations of a threshold approach must be clearly understood and presented to lend credence to the proposition of a paradigm shift from the current regulatory policy: A threshold is not a value that can be determined directly and precisely from dose-response data, but one that can be estimated from analytical data by means of a logically-elaborated mathematical model calculation.Scientific efforts in support of the adoption of a threshold in this context should therefore be focused on the development of appropriate mathematical models, and on the establishment of toxicological concepts that substantiate their application.A realistic first step towards a paradigm shift from the no-threshold concept is to seek general consensus on the introduction of an appropriately estimated“virtually safe dose”, instead of a threshold.

著者

川村 貞夫 飯田 健夫 小畠 敏夫 浮田 恭子 八木 良明 森島 知子

出版者

Japanese Society for Engineering Education

雑誌

工学教育 (ISSN:13412167)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.56, no.2, pp.2_20-2_24, 2008 (Released:2008-04-04)

被引用文献数

1

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This paper claims the importance of “FOR ALL Education of science and technology” for high school students. “FOR ALL Education of science and technology” means the following two points : (1) Science and Technology Education for all students including students who will not enter the departments of science and technology in universities. (2) Education for all science and technology fields. Generally it is difficult to realize “FOR ALL Education of science and technology” . In this paper, the authors propose several educational programs to overcome the difficulty.

著者

富山 慶典

出版者

数理社会学会

雑誌

理論と方法 (ISSN:09131442)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.19, no.1, pp.1-16, 2004-03-31 (Released:2008-12-22)

参考文献数

60

被引用文献数

3

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民主的な社会には、2つの異なる集合的意思決定問題がある。ひとつは、人々の選好をいかに集約して社会的選好を導き出すかという問題である。もうひとつは、人々の判断にもとづいていかにして社会的判断を形成するかという問題である。これらの問題を解決するためには、それぞれに相応しい理論と方法が必要となる。これまでの集合的意思決定研究は選好集約論の探求に偏りすぎていた。置き去りにされてきた判断形成論の探求をすすめなければならない。そうだとすれば、選好集約論と判断形成論の基本的な特徴は何か、判断形成論の探求は民主的決定の隣接領域における最近の研究動向といかなる関連性をみてとれるのか、それは現代社会にとってどのような意義があるのか。本稿の目的は、古代ギリシャから現代までの集合的意思決定研究の歴史を概観することにより、これらの問いにたいする展望的な答えを得ようとすることにある。本稿の主張は、選好集約論の探求がもはや不要であるという点にはない。判断形成論の探求をすすめる必要があり、これらの理論が民主的決定にとって相補的な関係にあるという点にある。

著者

小林 麻実

出版者

国立研究開発法人 科学技術振興機構

雑誌

情報管理 (ISSN:00217298)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.46, no.3, pp.190-194, 2003 (Released:2003-06-01)

被引用文献数

1 1

著者

小澤 一史 松崎 利行

出版者

日本医科大学医学会

雑誌

日本医科大学医学会雑誌 (ISSN:13498975)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.5, no.4, pp.215-220, 2009 (Released:2009-11-17)

参考文献数

9

被引用文献数

1 1

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Immunohistochemistry is concerned with the detection of specific biological substances at the light and electron microscopic levels with antibodies labeled with visible markers, such as horseradish peroxidase and colloidal gold. In particular, the immunohistochemistry of electron microscopy has provided much morphological and biological information. Immunoelectron microscopy can be classified into three methods, i.e., pre-embedding, postembedding, and nonembedding methods, on the basis of the step during which the immunoreaction is applied to the biological specimens. Each method has both advantages and disadvantages, so we should select the method according to the biological purpose. An overview of immunoelectron microscopy is given, and several electron micrographs using immunohistochemical techniques are shown.

著者

Takuya Kochi Aoi Tazawa Kazuki Honda Fumitoshi Kakiuchi

出版者

The Chemical Society of Japan

雑誌

Chemistry Letters (ISSN:03667022)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.40, no.9, pp.1018-1020, 2011-09-05 (Released:2011-09-05)

参考文献数

49

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Ruthenium-catalyzed ortho-selective acylation of arylpyridines with acyl chlorides via C–H bond cleavage is described. Aromatic acyl chlorides as well as α,β-unsaturated acyl chlorides were coupled with arylpyridines to give aromatic ketones in the presence of [RuCl2(PPh3)3] as a catalyst and potassium carbonate as a base.

著者

西原 陽子 大澤 幸生

出版者

一般社団法人 人工知能学会

雑誌

人工知能学会論文誌 (ISSN:13460714)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.25, no.3, pp.485-493, 2010 (Released:2010-04-09)

参考文献数

20

被引用文献数

3

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We have developed a table game named Innovation Game that supports users in thinking up ideas by combining existing products. There are two kinds of players in the Innovation Game, innovators and investors. While the innovators think up ideas and propose them, the investors criticize the ideas and make decisions whether they invest money to the ideas or not. In the Innovation Game, the innovators do not only propose ideas, but also improve the ideas reflecting comments from investors that represent negative impression to the ideas. Although it has been considered that ideas invested much money might be related to negative comments from investors, the relation has not been validated. We analyzed the communications in the Innovation Game. We have found features of communication in which ideas were invested much money. After a proposal of idea by a innovator, investors give negative comments to the innovator. The innovator accepts the negative comments with positive comments and improve their ideas. Finally, the investors satisfy the idea with positive comments and invest much money to them.

著者

Masayuki Nadai Miki Kato Kazumasa Yasui Masao Kimura Ying Lan Zhao Jun Ueyama Yoshimi Tsunekawa Hideo Yoshizumi Takaaki Hasegawab

出版者

The Pharmaceutical Society of Japan

雑誌

Biological and Pharmaceutical Bulletin (ISSN:09186158)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.30, no.3, pp.562-568, 2007 (Released:2007-03-01)

参考文献数

49

被引用文献数

1 2 3

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There is an interesting clinical report indicating that aciclovir, which is mainly excreted into urine, decreases the systemic clearance of theophylline by inhibiting cytochrome P450 (CYP) 1A2-mediated metabolism. In this study, we investigated the effect of aciclovir on the metabolism of theophylline, and on the activity and expression of hepatic CYP1A2 in rats. Theophylline (10 mg/kg) was injected intravenously into rats treated with two different dosages of aciclovir. When theophylline was simultaneously administered with aciclovir (50 mg/kg), the systemic clearance of theophylline and metabolic clearance of its major metabolites, 1-methyluric acid and 1,3-dimethyluric acid, were unchanged. In place of theophylline, when 1-methyl-3-propylxanthine (2.5 mg/kg), which is almost metabolized by CYP1A2 in rats, was coadministered intravenously with aciclovir (50 mg/kg), the pharmacokinetics of 1-methyl-3-propylxanthine was also unchanged. When theophylline was administered to rats pretreated with repeated intraperitoneal injections of aciclovir (25 mg/kg twice daily for 3 d), no significant differences in the systemic clearance of theophylline and its metabolic clearance to 1-methyluric acid and 1,3-dimethyluric acid were observed between the control and aciclovir-treated rats. This dosage of aciclovir did not change the activity of 7-ethoxyresorufin O-dealkylation, which is represented as CYP1A2 activity. In Western blot analysis, no significant change in the protein levels of hepatic CYP1A2 was observed between the control and aciclovir-treated rats. The present study suggests that aciclovir has no effect on the pharmacokinetics and metabolism of theophylline and on the activity and expression of hepatic CYP1A2 in rats.

著者

今井 公太郎

出版者

東京大学生産技術研究所

雑誌

生産研究 (ISSN:0037105X)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.62, no.6, pp.617-622, 2010-11-01 (Released:2011-05-12)

参考文献数

8

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本稿は駒場リサーチキャンパスに計画中の60号館の改修計画に関する報告である.60号館の概要ならびに改修の経緯について述べ,建物の歴史性の扱いについて考察したうえで,改修計画の方針と手法について論じている.歴史性の表現としては,新旧の仕上げのコントラストを際立たせる方針が導かれている.この方針を実現する手法として,構造体の素直な表出,単純な部分増築,メカニカルチムニー,天井を貼らないで床下空間を利用した設備計画など,可能なかぎり古い部分を隠蔽しない手法が検討されている.[本要旨はPDFには含まれない]

著者

田中 秀明

出版者

一般社団法人 日本生物物理学会

雑誌

生物物理 (ISSN:05824052)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.49, no.6, pp.302-303, 2009 (Released:2009-11-26)

参考文献数

9

著者

太田 健一郎 石原 顕光

出版者

一般社団法人 表面技術協会

雑誌

表面技術 (ISSN:09151869)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.56, no.4, pp.170, 2005 (Released:2005-11-24)

参考文献数

9

被引用文献数

1 1

著者

Seung-Pyo Lee Jang-Whan Bae Kyung Woo Park Seung-Woon Rha Jang-Ho Bae Jung-Won Suh In-Ho Chae Myeong-Chan Cho Hyo-Soo Kim

出版者

日本循環器学会

雑誌

Circulation Journal (ISSN:13469843)

巻号頁・発行日

pp.1108181377-1108181377, (Released:2011-08-20)

参考文献数

45

被引用文献数

5 11

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Background: The clinical effect of, and additive measures to overcome the possible inhibitory calcium channel blocker (CCB)-clopidogrel interaction in Asian patients undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention is unknown. Methods and Results: A total of 900 Korean patients enrolled for the multicenter, prospective, randomized Influence of CILostazol-based triple antiplatelet therapy ON ischemic complication after drug-eluting stenT implantation (CILON-T) trial were divided into 4 groups depending on CCB prescription and type of anti-platelet therapy (dual [DAT] vs. triple [TAT; addition of cilostazol to DAT]) in a 2×2 factorial manner. The primary endpoint was a composite of cardiac death, non-fatal myocardial infarction and ischemic stroke at 6 months after PCI. On-treatment platelet reactivity (OPR) was assessed on VerifyNow P2Y12 assay. Concomitant CCB use increased OPR in the DAT group (mean±SEM: 251.2±7.6 vs. 225.6±5.1; P=0.008), but not in the TAT group (214.5±9.1 vs. 203.4±5.6; P=0.294). Primary endpoint increased by use of CCB in patients with DAT (4.9% vs. 0.9%, P=0.016), but not in those with TAT (0% vs. 1.8%, P=0.346). Addition of cilostazol to DAT reduced OPR and clinical events in patients taking CCB (P=0.007 for P2Y12 reaction units; P=0.027 for thrombotic events). CCB without concomitant cilostazol use was a significant predictor of total thrombotic events. Conclusions: Concomitant use of CCB may weaken the anti-platelet effect of clopidogrel and increase subsequent thrombotic events in Asian subjects. This hazardous CCB-clopidogrel interaction may be overcome by addition of cilostazol.

著者

高橋 聡 石島 秋彦 大木 和夫 木下 賢吾 鈴木 誠 新村 信雄 本田 真也 若槻 壮市

出版者

一般社団法人 日本生物物理学会

雑誌

生物物理 (ISSN:05824052)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.51, no.4, pp.192-195, 2011 (Released:2011-07-25)

著者

Duc Tuan Dinh Mai Thi Quynh Le Cuong Duc Vuong Futoshi Hasebe Kouichi Morita

出版者

日本熱帯医学会

雑誌

Tropical Medicine and Health (ISSN:13488945)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.39, no.1, pp.3-7, 2011 (Released:2011-03-24)

参考文献数

13

被引用文献数

22 53

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We designed a new set of primers for reverse transcriptase loop-mediated isothermal amplification (RT-LAMP) to specifically amplify the HA gene of avian influenza viruses subtype H5N1. By testing nine H5N1 virus strains and 41 clinical samples collected in Northern Vietnam, we found that the new primers showed higher sensitivity and specificity than the previously published RT-LAMP primers and were comparable to the RT-PCR method currently recommended by WHO. These results suggest that our RT-LAMP assay may be a better choice as a diagnostic tool for current H5N1 influenza virus infection.

著者

渡辺 美郎 平野 敏明

出版者

特定非営利活動法人バードリサーチ

雑誌

Bird Research (ISSN:18801587)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.7, pp.A45-A55, 2011 (Released:2011-09-11)

参考文献数

16

被引用文献数

1

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繁殖期と冬期のヒクイナ Porzana fusca の生息個体数を調査するために,兵庫県神戸市付近の約43.75km2内の河川や溜池,農地で2009年1月から6月に録音再生法をもちいて調査を行なった.冬期には, 190地点で鳴き声再生した結果,合計76羽(1月)と66羽(2月)のヒクイナが記録された.環境区分ごとの1月と2月の調査地点あたりの個体数は,中規模河川(N=55)が0.62羽と0.62羽,小規模河川(N=49)が0.18羽と0.29羽,池(N=78)が0.41羽と0.23羽,農地(N=7)が0.14羽と0.29羽であった.一方,繁殖期には,合計169地点で調査を行ない,合計81羽(5月)と45羽(6月)が記録された.環境区分ごとの5月と6月の調査地点あたりの個体数は,中規模河川(N=48)が0.79羽と0.46羽,小規模河川(N=49)が0.31羽と0.18羽,池(N=65)が0.38羽と0.17羽,農地(N=7)が0.38羽と0.38羽であった.農地を除く3環境区分の個体数は,冬期および繁殖期とも有意に異なっており,中規模河川がもっとも多く記録された.池の調査地における生息の有無と池の面積および池内の湿地性植物の面積を比較した.ヒクイナの生息が確認された池の面積(±SD)は,2.87±3.62ha(冬期)と2.69±3.20ha(繁殖期),生息が確認されなかった池は2.89±2.72ha(冬期)と3.16±3.16ha(繁殖期)で,両者の間には有意な違いは得られなかった.しかし,ヒクイナが生息していた池の湿地性植物の面積は,0.27±0.21ha(冬期)と0.28±0.22ha(繁殖期)で,生息していなかった池より湿地性植物の面積が有意に広かった.このことから,ヒクイナの生息には湿地性植物の面積が重要であることがわかった.調査地で,越冬期と繁殖期に70羽以上のヒクイナが記録されたのは,調査地には溜池が多くあることで,良好な生息環境が多く存在することが一因になっていると考えられる.

著者

Yasuyuki TAIRA Naomi HAYASHIDA Gopalganapathi M. BRAHMANANDHAN Yuji NAGAYAMA Shunichi YAMASHITA Jumpei TAKAHASHI Alexander GUTEVITC Alexander KAZLOVSKY Marat URAZALIN Noboru TAKAMURA

出版者

Journal of Radiation Research Editorial Committee

雑誌

Journal of Radiation Research (ISSN:04493060)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.52, no.1, pp.88-95, 2011 (Released:2011-01-29)

参考文献数

24

被引用文献数

25

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To evaluate current environmental contamination and contributions from internal and external exposure due to the accident at the Chernobyl Nuclear Power Plant (CNPP) and nuclear tests at the Semipalatinsk Nuclear Testing Site (SNTS), concentrations of artificial radionuclides in edible mushrooms, soils and stones from each area were analyzed by gamma spectrometry. Annual effective doses were calculated for each area from the cesium contamination. Calculated internal effective doses of 137Cs due to ingestion of mushrooms were 1.8 × 10–1 mSv/year (y) in Gomel city (around CNPP), 1.7 × 10–1 mSv/y in Korosten city (around CNPP), 2.8 × 10–4 mSv/y in Semipalatinsk city, and 1.3 × 10–4 mSv/y in Nagasaki. Calculated external effective doses of 137Cs were 3.4 × 10–2 mSv/y in Gomel city, 6.2 × 10–2 mSv/y in Korosten city, 2.0 × 10–4 mSv/y in Semipalatinsk city, and 1.3 × 10–4 mSv/y in Nagasaki. Distribution of radionuclides in stones collected beside Lake Balapan (in SNTS) were 241Am (49.4 ± 1.4 Bq/kg), 137Cs (406.3 ± 1.7 Bq/kg), 58Co (3.2 ± 0.5 Bq/kg), and 60Co (125.9 ± 1.1 and 126.1 ± 1.1 Bq/kg). The present study revealed that dose rates from internal and external exposure around CNPP were not sufficiently low and radiation exposure potency still exists even though current levels are below the public dose limit of 1 mSv/y (ICRP1991). Moreover, parts of the SNTS area may be still contaminated by artificial radionuclides derived from nuclear tests. Long-term follow-up of environmental monitoring around CNPP and SNTS, as well as evaluation of health effects in the population residing around these areas, may contribute to radiation safety with a reduction of unnecessary exposure of residents.

著者

松村 敦 柿島 大貴 宇陀 則彦

出版者

情報知識学会

雑誌

情報知識学会誌 (ISSN:09171436)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.21, no.2, pp.143-148, 2010-05-28 (Released:2011-06-25)

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ひとり読みを始める前の子どもには,大人が絵本を選ぶ必要があるが,膨大な絵本の中から子どもにあった絵本を見つけ出すことは難しい.そこで本研究では,子どもの質問にその子どもの興味が現れることに着目し,子どもの質問を利用したソーシャル絵本推薦システム「ぴくぶく」を構築した.「ぴくぶく」では,親によって記録された子どもの質問は他の利用者に共有され,子どもの質問を介して絵本を推薦し合うことができる.本システムの有効性を検証するために,親子25組を対象に評価実験を行なった.

著者

安田 真穂 宮保 淳

出版者

社団法人 繊維学会

雑誌

繊維学会誌 (ISSN:00379875)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.66, no.4, pp.P_137-P_142, 2010 (Released:2010-06-01)

被引用文献数

3

著者

森田 均 藤田 米春

出版者

一般社団法人 人工知能学会

雑誌

人工知能学会全国大会論文集 第18回全国大会(2004)

巻号頁・発行日

pp.142, 2004 (Released:2006-02-11)

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翻訳・翻案、朗読、映像化された文学作品は原テクストの解釈を明示化したものと考えられる。本研究では、これらの解釈を試作したハイパーテキストの評価に用いることにより、文学作品のハイパーテキスト化にあたっての指標を確立させる研究へと発展させることが可能であることを示す。