著者
前畑 明美
出版者
一般社団法人 人文地理学会
雑誌
人文地理 (ISSN:00187216)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.63, no.4, pp.344-359, 2011 (Released:2018-01-23)
参考文献数
67
被引用文献数
2

In Japan, more than one hundred islands have been connected to the mainland by bridges since the period of high economic growth beginning in the late 1950s. This has been aimed at bringing the economic levels of the islands up to that of the mainland. But, although reliable transportation routes to the mainland have been secured, a diversified life space has yet to come into existence on the islands. Indeed, the functioning of the communities on the islands has weakened.The objective of this paper is to understand the present status of the social and functional decline on these bridged islands. Here our example is Kouri-jima in Okinawa, where a fixed link to the mainland was completed in 2005. We consider the influences of the sea bridge from the perspective of the social experiences of the inhabitants.Analysis reveals that the fixed link has certainly brought some merits to the island, in terms of saving time, labor, and transportation costs, as well as the reliability of the route. In fact, the new route has brought convenience and flexibility to some of the island’s inhabitants. On the whole, however, these effects have been restricted to a narrow range of the island’s livelihood. In addition, the effects of the fixed link on transportation have brought disadvantages to many aspects of everyday life, causing the inhabitants mental, physical, and economic burdens at the levels of the individual, the family, and the community. As a result, close social connections between the inhabitants, on which the traditional community was based, have weakened considerably, bringing changes to the “island lifestyle” that depended on the sea that surrounded it.The influences of the fixed link have resulted from essential differences between land transportation and marine transportation. Three factors have compounded the negative influence of the fixed link: first, the loss of the functions of marine transportation, which had complemented and maintained the restrictive and cooperative characteristics of the community; second, the independence and reliability of land transportation; and third, the increase in strong influences from the mainland. The results of this study suggest that characteristics of a “non-island community” have emerged here, with the new land transportation route and its emphasis on convenience causing an imbalance in the transportation system and a disruption of the cooperative and symbiotic nature of the community.
著者
恒枝 宏史 前田 貴大 髙田 慎治郎 大塚 小由希 今 寛太 和田 努 笹岡 利安
出版者
公益社団法人 日本薬理学会
雑誌
日本薬理学会年会要旨集 第93回日本薬理学会年会 (ISSN:24354953)
巻号頁・発行日
pp.2-O-050, 2020 (Released:2020-03-18)

Non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) is a severe form of fatty liver disease induced by obesity. So far, no therapeutic drug is available against NASH, because the pathogenic mechanism remains unclear. Since hypothalamic orexin system is a main regulator of energy homeostasis, we investigated the role of orexin against NASH under obese conditions, using orexin knockout (ORX-KO) mice fed high fat diet (HFD). ORX-KO mice showed severer obesity and glucose intolerance on HFD, compared to wild-type controls. Also, remarkable NASH-like phenotypes were observed in the liver of ORX-KO mice, such as the accumulation of triglyceride and the increase in the levels of biomarkers for endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress (phosphorylation of eIF2α, etc.), chronic inflammation (Tnfα mRNA, etc.), and hepatic fibrosis (Tgfβ mRNA, etc.). When the HFD-fed ORX-KO mice were treated with orexin A (i.c.v.), the hepatic ER stress and chronic inflammation were improved, whereas body weight was not altered. These results indicate that the central action of orexin is required to prevent the development of NASH by reducing ER stress and chronic inflammation in the liver under the obese condition. Hypothalamic orexin system may be a crucial therapeutic target to promote the brain-liver network functions for preventing the progression of NASH.
著者
山崎 和彦 野尻 佳代子 佐藤 庸子 石橋 圭太 樋口 重和 前田 亨史
出版者
日本生理人類学会
雑誌
日本生理人類学会誌 (ISSN:13423215)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.11, no.1, pp.21-28, 2006
参考文献数
20
被引用文献数
9

The purposes of the present study were to observe the thermoregulatory responses from view points of sex difference, seasonal difference between winter and summer, and susceptibility to the heat (atugari) and the cold (samugari). The subjects were 13 females (20.5±0.5yrs, 159.2±6.4cm, 52.1±6.9kg) and 16 males (20.8±1.6yrs, 172.8±4.5cm, 61.6±6.3kg). They put on shorts or underpants, T-shirts and short pants. In the evening, the climatic chamber was controlled at 24℃ RH50%, the temperature increased to 29℃ over 60 minutes gradually. The subjects kept the sitting position. Measurement items were oral temperature, skin temperature, body weight, heart rate, blood pressure and subjective sensations. We determined atugari and samugari according to the subjective sensations of whole body during exposure. The main results were as follows. (1) The classification of atugari and samugari by self judgment did not always agree with the results of exposure experiments, (2) The skin temperatures were winter > summer in the body stem area and winter < summer in the peripheral area in male and female. (3) The skin temperatures were male < female in the body stem area and male > female in the limbs area. (4) Males felt warm in winter than in summer, and they felt warm than females in winter. (5) The values of subjective sensation were atugari > samugari generally. We guessed that the evening exposure produced these phenomena.
著者
脇坂 真美 宋 一大 田ヶ谷 浩邦 藤田 朋恵 前田 実花 野村 今日子 小林 真美 山本 明子 坂本 泰理 田中 理英子 熊谷 雄治
出版者
一般社団法人 日本臨床薬理学会
雑誌
臨床薬理 (ISSN:03881601)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.46, no.5, pp.243-248, 2015-09-30 (Released:2016-01-15)
参考文献数
15

The aim of the present trial was to compare the sedative effects of second generation antihistamines in healthy adult male volunteers. This randomized, double-blind, cross-over clinical trial compared the effects of single doses of olopatadine 5 mg, ketotifen fumarate 1.38 mg, fexofenadine 60 mg, and placebo on psychomotor function in 15 healthy male subjects who gave written informed consent for participation in the study. For each sedative, sleep latency time was measured using the multiple sleep latency test (MSLT); and psychomotor function was measured by thresholds of critical flicker fusion (CFF), the digit symbol substitution test (DSST), and a Straight line Analog Rating Scale (LARS). Measurements were performed before and 2, 5, and 8h after drug administration. The differences between the drugs and placebo were analyzed by repeated analysis of variance (ANOVA) and paired t-tests as appropriate. Intergroup differences in baseline values of all parameters were not significant. Ketotifen induced the shortest sleep latency at 2h (p=0.03 vs. fexofenadine, p=0.03 vs. olopatadine) and 5h (p=0.04 vs. fexofenadine) after administration. Ketotifen also showed the most prolonged recognition (CFF down) at 2h (p<0.001 vs. fexofenadine, p=0.03 vs. olopatadine) and 8h (p=0.01 vs. fexofenadine). Olopatadine showed a more prolonged recognition than fexofenadine at 2h (p=0.03). Ketotifen induced the greatest decline in concentration and cognitive function at 8h (p=0.03) according to DSST. The drugs affected objective psychomotor function without causing subjective symptoms as shown by no significant differences in LARS score. The study indicates that the extent of impaired performance, an important adverse drug reaction, may differ even among second generation antihistamines.
著者
秦 正樹 宮前 真 塩入 重彰 村上 和裕 中林 晋也 大山 哲生 原口 美穂子 服部 麻里子 中島 純子 皆木 祥伴 藤原 茂弘 小野 高裕
出版者
一般社団法人 日本顎顔面補綴学会
雑誌
顎顔面補綴 (ISSN:03894045)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.42, no.1, pp.33-38, 2019 (Released:2020-03-12)
参考文献数
31

Background: The aim of this review was to elucidate the effectiveness of prostheses with implant therapy for patients with mandibular defects.Methods: A systematic literature survey was conducted by the Japan Medical Library Association based on keywords for PubMed and Ichushi-web presented by the Clinical Practice Guideline Committee of Japanese Academy of Maxillofacial Prosthetics. After the secondary screening, related articles were extracted and their structured abstracts were described for discussion.Results: Although randomized controlled trials and meta-analyses were not found, 28 papers were extracted after screening. Overall, objective and subjective measures (e.g. occlusal force, masticatory efficiency and food acceptability questionnaires) were significantly increased with implant-supported mandibular prostheses. However, speech and swallowing function were not improved in cases with tongue or oral floor resection. Success and survival rates of implant therapy were ninety percent or more on mandibular reconstruction with autogenous bone grafts.Conclusions: These results suggest that implant-supported mandibular prostheses that can secure the stability of the upper fixed/removable structure are more effective for recovering masticatory function compared with conventional mandibular prostheses.
著者
島崎 博也 水野 圭祐 水谷 真康 中村 毅 前田 一範 出口 晃 川村 直人 鈴村 恵理 美和 千尋 森 康則
出版者
一般社団法人 日本温泉気候物理医学会
雑誌
日本温泉気候物理医学会雑誌 (ISSN:00290343)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.81, no.2, pp.63-69, 2018-08-31 (Released:2018-09-26)
参考文献数
15

【背景と目的】温泉の効果の一つに温熱作用がある.この効果は体温を上昇させ,体温調節機能が作動し,血流量の増大を引き起こす.今回,これらの変化が,浴槽の大きさ,温泉の泉質によるものかを検討した.  【方法】成人健常男性10名(平均年齢25.2歳)を対象として10分間42℃の入浴を実施した.実施は,大浴槽(約1700L:アルカリ性単純温泉)と家庭浴槽(約300L:温水,0.1%人工塩化物泉)を用いた.測定項目は,深部体温「深部温モニターコアテンプ CM-210」と最高動脈血流速度「超音波血流計スマートドップ45」とし,それぞれの値を入浴中10分目,後安静10分目,20分目,30分目で比較し,さらに各条件で前安静値からの変化を求めた.  【結果】入浴10分目で深部体温と最高動脈血流速度の上昇値は,大浴槽の温泉が家庭浴槽での値に比べ,有意な高値を示した.また,大浴槽の温泉の深部体温は入浴3分目から有意に上昇した.後安静での深部体温は,大浴槽の温泉は15分間,家庭浴槽の人工塩化物泉は16分間,温水は13分間有意な上昇が維持された.  【考察】温泉大浴槽の方が家庭浴槽に比べて,深部体温上昇,最高動脈血流速度が大きかったのは,大浴槽では豊富な湯量により湯温の下降を妨げ,家庭用浴槽での深部体温上昇が継続されたのは,人工塩化物泉が体温上昇を維持させたと考える.

1 0 0 0 冤罪と誤判

著者
前坂俊之著
出版者
田畑書店
巻号頁・発行日
1982
著者
宮本 陽一 前田 雅子 大滝 宏一 西岡 宣明
出版者
大阪大学
雑誌
基盤研究(C)
巻号頁・発行日
2018-04-01

今年度は、個々に資料収集および先行研究において提唱されてきた分析について再検討した。さらに、その知見をもとに九州方言(長崎方言、熊本方言)を中心に、特に選択的接続詞が認可されるコンテクストを念頭に本課題の刺激文を作成し、実験プログラム(Ibex Farm)を完成させた。個々の研究成果については以下の通りである。宮本は、九州方言における短い答えのデータをもとに日本語の短い答えにおける名詞句内分配解釈の認可条件について検討した。共通語では区別が難しい代名詞の「の」と属格の「の」の分布を九州方言のデータから区別し、日本語の短い答えにおいてFocP SPECへの移動ならびにAn(2016, 2018)の提唱する拡張削除(Extended deletion)が関与していることを明らかにした。西岡は特に日本語の主語位置の量化詞と否定の作用域について熊本方言の「が・の」主語をもとに考察し、さらに英語との比較を通して、カートグラフィの理論構築を行った。前田は助詞の残る削除現象、イントネーションと量化詞の作用域の関係、疑問文断片等について長崎方言等のデータを踏まえつつ、分析を行った。大滝は実験で使用する熊本方言と長崎方言における量化表現について検討し、どのような刺激文を実験で使用すべきか検討した。また、刺激文を提示する際に使用するプログラム(Ibex Farm)について、刺激文ならびに画像刺激の提示方法について検討した。加えて、富山方言における実験の可能性についても検討した。

1 0 0 0 増支部経典

著者
前田專學編 浪花宣明訳
出版者
春秋社
巻号頁・発行日
2016