著者
藤木久志著
出版者
平凡社
巻号頁・発行日
1998
著者
藤木久志著
出版者
朝日新聞出版
巻号頁・発行日
2008
著者
藤木 久志
巻号頁・発行日
no.52, 1986
著者
藤木 久志
出版者
東北大学
巻号頁・発行日
1986

博士論文
著者
庄司 吏香 三ツ口 千代菊 早瀬 須美子 熊谷 佳子 徳留 裕子 山中 克己 早川 弘子 淡路 比呂代 野中 千秋 河合 光久 藤木 理代
出版者
日本食生活学会
雑誌
日本食生活学会誌 (ISSN:13469770)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.27, no.4, pp.249-257, 2017 (Released:2017-04-27)
参考文献数
43
被引用文献数
1 1

This study aimed to clarify the influence of dietary habits and the daily intake of fermented milk product containing Bifidobacterium breve strain Yakult, 1.0 × 1010 cfu/100 mL/day on bowel habits in healthy young Japanese women. To clarify the interaction of a fermented milk product containing Bifidobacterium breve strain Yakult, 1.0 × 1010 cfu/100 mL/day, and food intake on bowel habits in healthy young Japanese women. A total of 150 female university students participated in this study. They recorded the amount of food intake using a food-frequency questionnaire (FFQ) during the pre-experiment period and bowel habits in a diary during the study. After the exclusion of 30 subjects who defecated every day, 120 subjects were randomly divided two groups.Pre experiment they recorded the amount of food intake using food-frequency questionnaire (FFQ) and bowel habits. After excluded 30 subjects who defecated every day, we divided two groups. We conducted an open cross-over ,study, which was composed of a non-intake period (4 weeks), a washout period (2 weeks), and an intake period (4 weeks). Sixty-two subjects, who completed the study and fully recorded in a diary, were included in the analysis. We conducted an open cross-over study. The study period was 10 weeks including a non-intake period, washout period, and an intake period. During the intake period the defecation frequency was increased from 72.2 ± 18.6 to 77.7 ± 18.8% (p < 0.01). The Bristol Stool Scale was increased from 3.2 ± 0.8 to 3.4 ± 0.9(p < 0.01). As assessed by a 5-point Likert scale, the average scores of straining and feeling of incomplete evacuation was decreased from 2.0 ± 0.8 to 1.7 ± 0.7 (p < 0.01). As assessed by a visual analog 10-point scale, the average scores of constipation awareness was decreased from 4.1 ± 2.0 to 3.3 ± 1.9 (p < 0.01). In contrast, tThe amount of calorie intake was remarkably smaller than that in recommended value (1532 ± 314 v.s.1950 kcal). Especially the consumption of potato, beans, vegetable, and fruits were smaller than recommended value. The defecation frequency during the intake period was positively correlated with each amount of calorie intake and carbohydrate intake(each p < 0.05)but not with the amount of dietary fiber intake. These findings suggest that a daily intake of fermented milk containing Bifidobacterium and an adequate food intake might provide benefits improving the bowel habit in healthy young Japanese women.
著者
貴島 耕平 砂口 文兵 藤井 暢人 藤木 春佳 松下 将章 金井 壽宏
出版者
日本情報経営学会
雑誌
日本情報経営学会誌 (ISSN:18822614)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.34, no.4, pp.47-58, 2014-08-04 (Released:2017-08-07)

Organizational development (OD) recently has focused on the invention of methods based on practical perspectives rather than academic ones. This movement has resulted in increased "development of OD." While this attention is mostly positive, it has led to a loss of clear identity for OD. Thus we call this phenomenon gritting refined gold. We argue the identity of OD by considering developmental practices, both empirically and theoretically. This study shows that OD has been consistent in its principle of development and has hold its traditional logic which had humanistic values at the center of interventions.
著者
木村 宗裕 大城 英裕 植田 清一 藤木 穣 末田 直道
出版者
一般社団法人情報処理学会
雑誌
情報処理学会論文誌 (ISSN:03875806)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.49, no.1, pp.513-524, 2008-01-15
参考文献数
12
被引用文献数
2

候補画像の選択を繰り返すことにより目的とする画像処理パラメータの探索を行う,直感的な対話型の画像処理システムを提案する.提案システムは,ユーザとの対話を繰り返し画像処理パラメータの最適化問題を解くことで,ユーザの望む画像処理結果の生成を行う.ユーザは,画像処理に関する知識や経験がなくても,システムにより提示される候補画像の選択を繰り返すだけで目的の画像処理結果を得ることが可能となる.画像処理パラメータの探索は,ユーザの選択した候補画像ならびに過去に提示した候補画像のパラメータ空間中の距離情報を用いて,パラメータ空間のボロノイ分割を擬似的に行い,探索空間を限定することで,ユーザの評価揺れにロバストにかつ高速に処理が行われる.また,システムはユーザが望むと思われる候補を優先的に生成,提示することで効率的な探索を行う.シミュレーション実験では,実際のユーザを模した仮想ユーザを用いて,27人のユーザがそれぞれ100回システムを試行した結果に相当するデータを擬似的に確保し,システムの有効性の評価,検証を行った.
著者
藤木 利之 守田 益宗 三好 教夫
出版者
The Tohoku Geographical Association
雑誌
季刊地理学 (ISSN:09167889)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.50, no.3, pp.189-200, 1998-08-31 (Released:2010-04-30)
参考文献数
19
被引用文献数
3 6

岡山県日生町にある頭島で採取された44mボーリングコアの花粉分析を行った。このコアは粘土・砂質粘土・砂・礫・腐植土・火山灰から成る。2,368-2,360cmで21,100±400yrB. P. という14C年代測定結果が得られ, 1,900-1,890cmでアカホヤ火山灰, 2,540-2,360cmで姶良火山灰が確認されている。分析の結果, 9花粉帯と2無化石帯が認められた。サルスベリ属の花粉が出現する層を温暖期, 化石花粉の出現しない層は寒冷期と考えると, このコアは4回の温暖期 (KS-9, 8, 6, 4-1) と3回の寒冷期 (KS-7, 5, BZ-2, 1) に堆積したものである。KS-4~1は後氷期である。
著者
藤木 利之 守田 益宗 三好 教夫
出版者
東北地理学会
雑誌
季刊地理学 = Quarterly journal of geography (ISSN:09167889)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.50, no.3, pp.189-200, 1998-08-31
参考文献数
19
被引用文献数
1 6

岡山県日生町にある頭島で採取された44mボーリングコアの花粉分析を行った。このコアは粘土・砂質粘土・砂・礫・腐植土・火山灰から成る。2,368-2,360cmで21,100±400yrB. P. という<sup>14</sup>C年代測定結果が得られ, 1,900-1,890cmでアカホヤ火山灰, 2,540-2,360cmで姶良火山灰が確認されている。<br>分析の結果, 9花粉帯と2無化石帯が認められた。サルスベリ属の花粉が出現する層を温暖期, 化石花粉の出現しない層は寒冷期と考えると, このコアは4回の温暖期 (KS-9, 8, 6, 4-1) と3回の寒冷期 (KS-7, 5, BZ-2, 1) に堆積したものである。KS-4~1は後氷期である。
著者
藤木 三千人 藤井 黎
出版者
日本社会学会
雑誌
社会学評論 (ISSN:00215414)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.8, no.4, pp.85-102, 1958-08-30

This monograph is based on the date gathered through two researches : the research of the Pacific coast of the Ojika Peninsula, carried on by the research team of Tohoku Univ. Industry-and-Education Research Center, is the one, and the research of Gobuura which was done as the continuation of the former by us in 1956 and 1957 the other. Both researches were intensively done with emphasis upon the correlation of the dominant form of fishing with the structure of each village.<BR>Relatively, but contrarily, to the exceedingly remarkable improvement of fishing techniques in recent years, the This monograph is based on the date gathered through two researches : the research of the Pacific coast of the Ojika Peninsula, carried on by the research team of Tohoku Univ. Industry-and-Education Research Center, is the one, and the research of Gobuura which was done as the continuation of the former by us in 1956 and 1957 the other. Both researches were intensively done with emphasis upon the correlation of the dominant form of fishing with the structure of each village.<BR>Relatively, but contrarily, to the exceedingly remarkable improvement ob fishing techniques in recent years, the sea-resources in the water near the coast are dwindling year by year. Hardly there are the stabilized states of the fishing-in-nearby-water (<I>isoryo</I>) in former years, the main catches being such sea products growing in the nearby water along the coast as sea-weeds abalone, sea-chestnuts, etc., fishes living near the coast or coming seasonally near the coast. Fishing works in the villages have been specialized in according to the particular conditions of each villages and the life of fishermen has came so far as to display the various aspects. Such general tendencies are the fact that can be obviously observable in each fishing villages here in the Pacific Side (<I>Urahama</I>) of the Ojika peninsula. Yokoura, the one of the villages selected as the fields of the research is of course not the exception.<BR>Consequently, the transformation of the forms of fishery stated above regulated and changed the structure of the Village society in which fishery was the key industry. That is, the forms and the systems of fishery operated in Yokoura village are strongly reflected in the social structure of the village through the medium of the utility value of the fishing ground this village dominates, and of a certain developmental stages of fishing techniques in connection with the former. Analyzing the actual condition of Yokoura, the qualitative analyzation of the present form of fishing and the changing processes as a result of which the present form of fishing has came from was done at first and followed by the consideration on the social structure of this village, focusing on the form of gaining livelihood and control-relationship pivoting around it. Two forms of gaining livelihood, fishing being the one, and agriculture and forestry the other are seen in Yokoura. As for the land, the concentration of land to a few households is conspicuously observed, but the size of land per a household and the coefficient of land utilization are at the low state. In general, the agricultural foundation is meager.<BR>However, in the developmental process of gaining livelihood, the form of rather strong reliance on the forestry resources and the sericulture are found. The forestry resources were commercialized as fuel for producing of dried bonito at the villages of bonito-fishing, -Enoshima, Izushima and Takenoura which situated on the opposite coast of the Onagawa Bay. The rise of economic power due to sericulture provided the branch families side with the moment to accelerate their fishing activities. Both the forestry resource and the sericulture headed for decline, the former in response to the devision of bonito processing industry and the latter to the unsecurity of the world market price.
著者
清水 弘之 HO John H.C. KOO Linda C. 藤木 博太 松木 秀明 渡辺 邦友
出版者
岐阜大学
雑誌
国際学術研究
巻号頁・発行日
1990

ホンコンでは、わが国と比べ鼻咽頭がんの罹患率が高く、EBウィルスと関係、あるいは塩魚との関係が注目されてきた。しかし、一般集団のEBウィルスへの感染率は日本、ホンコンとも極めて高く、EBウィルスのみでは、日本とホンコンとの差、あるいは発病すめ者としない者の差を説明しきれない。つまり、別の因子の介在している可能性が充分に考えられる。今回、気道内の細菌のプロモ-ション活性に注目して、研究を実施した。ホンコン・バプティスト病院へ通院中の鼻咽頭がん患者5名(男子4名、女子1名、年齢40ー68歳)の鼻咽頭部から粘液を採取、直ちにGAM寒天培地を用い、好気・嫌気両方の条件で37℃、48時間培養を行った。また、コントロ-ルとして、同病院で働く職員を5名(男子3名、女子2名、年齢36ー64歳)選び、鼻咽頭部粘液を同様に培養した。それぞれの培養菌体を一旦凍結乾燥したのち、その溶解物を用い、プロテインキナ-ゼC、^<32>PーATP、Ca、フォスファチジルセリンの存在下で、ヒストンに取り込まれる^<32>Pの量を測定することにより、プロテインキナ-ゼCの活性を観察した。プロテインキナ-ゼCの活性(mU/10μg)は次の通りであった(平均値と標準偏差):鼻咽頭がん患者からの検体の好気培養…20.0 ±11.0鼻咽頭がん患者からの検体の嫌気培養…13.2 ±11.0対照者からの好気培養………5.18 ±6.16対照者からの嫌気培養………10.4 ±17.16つまり、好気培養・嫌気培養の結果とも、鼻咽頭がん患者からの菌体の方で高い活性値が認められ、特に好気培養でその傾向が顕著であった。また、ホンコンにおいては、女性の喫煙率が低いにもかかわらず、女性肺がんが高率であり、一般集団での慢性の咳・痰も日本の約10倍と推定されている。そこで慢性痰を有する女性3名の喀痰を37℃、好気および嫌気条件下で48時間培養後、一旦凍結乾燥し、以下の燥作を行い、nonーTPAタイププロモ-タ-であるオカダ酸クラスが示す、プロテインキナ-ゼの活性作用を検討した。すなわち、凍結乾燥菌体を酵素で消化、凍結乾燥後、メタノ-ルで抽出し、その抽出液をジクロロメタン/イソプロパノ-ルに溶解する分画Iと、その沈渣である分画II、さらにメタノ-ル抽出の沈渣をジクロロメタン/イソプロパノ-ルに溶解した分画IIIに分け、酵素活性への影響を観察した。好気培養で発育した菌は、どの分画においてもプロテインキナ-ゼの活性作用であるオカダ酸様作用を示さなかった。しかし、2名から得た嫌気培養発育菌は比較的強い活性(特に分画Iにおいて)を示した。分離同定の結果、その菌は Streptococcus sanguis であることが判明した。以上、鼻咽頭患者の腫瘍部あるいはその近辺から採取した細菌の菌体(あるいはその分泌物)に何らかのプロモ-ション活性を示すものが存在する可能性を示唆する結果を得た。しかし、診断後時間経過の短い患者を選んだが、既にがんが発生した後の鼻咽頭部からの菌の分折であり、がん発生以前の状況は不明のままである。また、ホンコンの肺がん患者10例から喀痰を採取し、凍結乾燥を終えているので、慢性の咳・痰を有する患者の成績と比較すべく、分折を継続中である。
著者
藤木 健二
出版者
一般社団法人 日本オリエント学会
雑誌
オリエント (ISSN:00305219)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.48, no.1, pp.49-68, 2005-09-30 (Released:2010-03-12)
被引用文献数
1

In Ottoman cities, the shoe industry had played an important socioeconomic function as one of the chief industries. Very few studies, however, have ever tried to elucidate the actual state of the shoe industry and guilds. This study aims to create a concrete picture of their role in eighteenth-century Istanbul, with a focus on their structures, processes of their production and trade, and their relationship with the government. The principle resource used in this paper was the Ahkâm Defterleri, which was published as Istanbul Esnaf Tarihi by the Istanbul Arastirmalari Merkezi.The shoe industry was clearly divided into two sectors—production and retailing. Shoemakers had become specialized according to the type of shoes they made. They had their own guilds according to the kind of shoes and were all well organized under a leader called the dikicibasi. Meanwhile, most shoe retailers had their shops in shoe markets called arasta. Each market was staffed with one kethüdâ to supervise the shoe retailers working there. The kethüdâ of the kebîr arasta administrated all the shoe retailers in the city. He also had a degree of influence on the shoemakers' guilds and undertook to maintain cooperation between the shoemakers' and the retailers' guilds.Though the guilds needed the approval of kadis or the government in regard to all matters, they were hardly interfered with by the government, but were managed and administrated strictly by the leaders in a quite autonomous manner. Especially, shoemakers had to buy materials and produce shoes in accordance with the regulations which guilds made to protect members against violation of their rights.This paper concludes that the guilds of the shoe industry in eighteenthcentury Istanbul formed a complex structure in order to supervise their members who produced and sold many kinds of shoes in many places, and that the guilds were granted a relatively wide degree of autonomy.
著者
山口 忍 川野 通夫 藤沢 直人 中島 志織 藤木 暢也 塩見 洋作 内藤 泰 本庄 巖
出版者
日本聴覚医学会
雑誌
AUDIOLOGY JAPAN (ISSN:03038106)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.42, no.6, pp.667-673, 1999

就学前幼児6例の人工内耳装用経験に基づき, 初回マッピングとその後のマップの調整や装用状況について調べた。 初回マッピングでは, T/Cレベルを幼児の表情や行動の変化によって測定するが, 先天性難聴幼児5例中4例がCレベル測定時に目を覆ったり部屋の電気がピカピカしていると視覚刺激のように感じ, その後の2回目のT/Cレベル測定を嫌がり, 内2例はヘッドセットを装着することも嫌がって, 終日装用まで時間がかかった。 このことから幼児のT/Cレベル測定では, 目を覆う反応の前に見られる身体接触を求めるなどをCレベルとして次の電極の測定に移り, 測定刺激が不快レベルにならないよう慎重にする必要があると考えられた。 また, マップ作製後の装用では, 感度調節ツマミを最適感度レベルより低い値にして, 装用時の音への反応を観察しやすくすることが, マップの調整に有効であった。
著者
井原 正隆 川口 明洋 加藤木 守 千尋 正利 福本 圭一郎 亀谷 哲治
出版者
天然有機化合物討論会実行委員会
雑誌
天然有機化合物討論会講演要旨集 28 (ISSN:24331856)
巻号頁・発行日
pp.339-346, 1986-09-09 (Released:2017-08-18)

Synthesis of angularly tricyclopentanoid sesquiterpenes, was investigated via tricyclo[7.3.0.0^<1,5>]dodecane derivatives using intramolecular Diels-Alder reaction or intramolecular double Michael reaction as a key step. (1) Highly Stereoselective Total Synthesis of (±)-3-Oxosilphinene via Intramolecular Diels-Alder Reaction-(E,E)-3-(8-Phenylthio-octa-5,7-dien-2-yl)-2-methyl-2-cyclopenten-1-one (19) was prepared from the bromocyclopentenone (16) in three steps. Cycloaddition of 19 gave only one stereoisomer of the tricyclo[7.3.0.0^<1,5>]dodecene (20) having all correct four contiguous asymmetric centers. The cyclo-adduct (20) was converted into the tricyclo[6.3.0.0^<4,8>]undecane (25) via Wolff rearrangement. According to usual procedures, the ester (25) was then transformed into (±)-3-oxosilphinene (1). (2) Synthetic Study of Pentalenene and Pentalenic Acid via Intramolecular Double Michael Reaction-Barbier reaction of 4,4-dimethyl-2-cyclopenten-1-one (34) followed by oxidation with pyridinium chlorochromate gave the enone (36), which was converted into the bis-enone (33) in four steps. Intramolecular double Michael reaction of 33, carried out by heating with trimethylsilyl chloride, triethylamine, and zinc chloride, gave tricyclo[7.3.0.0^<1,5>]dodecanediones (40), which were subjected to Wolff rearrangement to afford the tricyclo[6.3.0.0^<4,8>]undecanes (41) possessing all carbon skeleton of natural products (4 and 5).