著者
U. S. -Japan Paleomagnetic Cooperation Program in
出版者
Society of Geomagnetism and Earth, Planetary and Space Sciences
雑誌
Journal of geomagnetism and geoelectricity (ISSN:00221392)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.27, no.1, pp.57-66, 1975 (Released:2010-03-12)
参考文献数
23
被引用文献数
13 14

A paleomagnetic study of 24 lava flows from Pagan Island (18.1°N, 145.7°E) in the Mariana Islands was conducted to determine the geomagnetic paleosecular variation in the Western Pacific. All flows are normally magnetized, and attempts to obtain radiometric ages for these flows were unsuccessful, and paleointensity determinations by the ‘Thellier method’ were unreliable. The mean virtual geomagnetic pole, (88°N, 110°W) is not significantly different from the rotation axis, suggesting that the lavas erupted over a period that spans at least several thousand years. The between-site angular dispersion SB, is used as a measure of the secular variation. SB=6.0° with respect to the mean VGP, and SB=6.2° with respect to the axis of rotation with a 95 percent confidence interval for the latter of 5.2°<SB<7.8°. Possible interpretations of the data include: (1) the sites studied represent an inadequate coverage in time; (2) the Marianas should be included in the Pacific dipole window; (3) there is a belt of average low angular dispersion encircling the earth between (roughly) 0° and 40°N.
著者
諏訪 僚太 中村 崇 井口 亮 中村 雅子 守田 昌哉 加藤 亜記 藤田 和彦 井上 麻夕里 酒井 一彦 鈴木 淳 小池 勲夫 白山 義久 野尻 幸宏 Ryota Suwa Takashi Nakamura Akira Iguchi Masako Nakamura Masaya Morita Aki Kato Kazuhiko Fujita Mayuri Inoue Kazuhiko Sakai Atsushi Suzuki Isao Koike Yoshihisa Sirayama Yukihiro Nojiri 京都大学フィールド科学教育研究センター瀬戸臨海実験所 九州大学付属天草臨海実験所 琉球大学熱帯生物圏研究センター瀬底研究施設 琉球大学熱帯生物圏研究センター瀬底研究施設 琉球大学熱帯生物圏研究センター瀬底研究施設 琉球大学大学院理工学研究科 琉球大学大学院理工学研究科 東京大学海洋研究所 琉球大学熱帯生物圏研究センター瀬底研究施設 産業技術総合研究所 琉球大学 京都大学フィールド科学教育研究センター瀬戸臨海実験所 国立環境研究所地球環境研究センター Seto Marine Biological Laboratory Field Science Education and Research Center Kyoto University Amakusa Marine Laboratory Kyusyu University Sesoko Station Tropical Biosphere Research Center University of the Ryukyus Sesoko Station Tropical Biosphere Research Center University of the Ryukyus Sesoko Station Tropical Biosphere Research Center University of the Ryukyus Graduate School of Engineering and Science University of the Ryukyus Graduate School of Engineering and Science University of the Ryukyus Ocean Research Institute The University of Tokyo Sesoko Station Tropical Biosphere Research Center University of the Ryukyus Geological Survey of Japan National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology(AIST) University of the Ryukyus Seto Marine Biological Laboratory Field Science Education and Research Center Kyoto University Center for Global Environmental Research National Institute for Environmental Studies
出版者
日本海洋学会
雑誌
海の研究 (ISSN:09168362)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.19, no.1, pp.21-40, 2010-01-05
参考文献数
102
被引用文献数
3

産業革命以降の二酸化炭素(CO_2)排出量の増加は,地球規模での様々な気候変動を引き起こし,夏季の異常高海水温は,サンゴ白化現象を引き起こすことでサンゴ礁生態系に悪影響を及ぼしたことが知られている。加えて,増加した大気中CO_2が海水に溶け込み,酸として働くことで生じる海洋酸性化もまた,サンゴ礁生態系にとって大きな脅威であることが認識されつつある。本総説では,海洋酸性化が起こる仕組みと共に,海洋酸性化がサンゴ礁域の石灰化生物に与える影響についてのこれまでの知見を概説する。特に,サンゴ礁の主要な石灰化生物である造礁サンゴや紅藻サンゴモ,有孔虫に関しては,その石灰化機構を解説すると共に,海洋酸性化が及ぼす影響について調べた様々な研究例を取り上げる。また,これまでの研究から見えてきた海洋酸性化の生物への影響評価実験を行う上で注意すべき事項,そして今後必要となる研究の方向性についても述べたい。The increase of the atmospheric carbon dioxide (CO_2) concentration after the industrial revolution caused global climate change. During the last several decades, coral reef ecosystems have been devastated by the mass-scale coral bleaching events caused by abnormally high seawater temperature in summer. In addition, increased atmospheric CO_2dissolves in the ocean, acts as an acid and finally decreases the pH level of seawater. This phenomenon, known as ocean acidification, is now being considered as a future threat to the calcifying organisms in coral reef ecosystems. In this review, we summarize basic backgrounds of ocean acidification as well as its potential impacts on coral reef calcifiers. Together with the distinctive mechanisms of calcification among specific groups, we review the impacts of ocean acidification on major reef-builders such as scleractinian corals, calcareous red algae and reef-dwelling foraminifera. Finally, we point out some recently-recognized problems in acidified seawater experiments as well as the future direction of this research field.
著者
加藤 陽子 Yoko KATO 国際大学日本語プログラム International University of Japan
雑誌
世界の日本語教育. 日本語教育論集 = Japanese language education around the globe ; Japanese language education around the globe (ISSN:09172920)
巻号頁・発行日
no.5, pp.209--224, 1995-04-28

本稿は、用言のテ形(書いて、白くて、静かで、など)で接続されている複文を、従属節の主節に対する依存の程度(従属度)の違いによって分類することを目的とした。その従属度を測定する基準の一つとして、「主節末のモダリティや否定辞のスコープによる複文の構造」という統語的側面 を考察した。これらのスコープを観察することで、複文は、主節末のスコープが主節命題と従属節命題まで及ぶ構造(α構造)と、主節末のスコープが主節の命題のみにしか及ばない構造(β構造)に分けられた。本稿では、このα・βの構造の違いが、従属度を反映し、分類の統語的基準になると考えた。また、従属度を測定するもう一つの基準として、「節間の関係的意味を成立させる要素」という意味的な側面 を考えた。この要素は、(1)従属節の、複文全体における命題形成の機能、(2)主節・従属節間の論理関係、(3)主節・従属節間の時間・順序関係、(4)主節・従属節の述語の主語の異同、の四つである。本稿では、これらの要素が相互に関連しながら緊密に節同士が関係しあって複文を構成するものを従属度の高いテ形、これらの要素間にあまり関係がなく、節間の緊密な関係もみられないものを従属度の低いテ形、とした。この二つの基準から、テ形節は、テ1(付帯状況)、テ2(継起的動作)、テ3(原因・理由)、テ4(並列)、テ5(発言のモダリティ成分)に分類され、テ1からテ5の順番で、従属度が低くなっていくことを述べた。
著者
Huanhuan Hu Tohru Nakagawa Toru Honda Shuichiro Yamamoto Akiko Nanri Maki Konishi Hiroko Okazaki Keisuke Kuwahara Ai Hori Chihiro Nishiura Ikuko Kashino Teppei Imai Akiko Nishihara Shamima Akter Toshiaki Miyamoto Naoko Sasaki Takayuki Ogasawara Akihiko Uehara Makoto Yamamoto Taizo Murakami Makiko Shimizu Masafumi Eguchi Takeshi Kochi Satsue Nagahama Kentaro Tomita Isamu Kabe Tetsuya Mizoue Tomofumi Sone Seitaro Dohi for the Japan Epidemiology Collaboration on Occupational Health Study Group
出版者
The Japanese Circulation Society
雑誌
Circulation Journal (ISSN:13469843)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.82, no.2, pp.430-436, 2018-01-25 (Released:2018-01-25)
参考文献数
22
被引用文献数
8

Background:We investigated the risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD) with duration of metabolic syndrome (MetS) for the past 4 years before the CVD event.Methods and Results:We performed a nested case-control study within the Japan Epidemiology Collaboration on Occupational Health Study. A total of 139 registered cases of CVD and 561 self-reported cases of CVD were identified and matched individually on age, sex, and worksite with 695 and 2,803 controls, respectively. MetS was defined by the Joint Interim Statement definition. The odds ratio (95% confidence interval) for registered CVD was 4.7 (2.9, 7.5) for people with persistent MetS (positive for MetS for ≥3 assessments) and 1.9 (1.1, 3.3) for those with intermittent MetS (positive for MetS for 1–2 assessments), compared with people without MetS during the past 4 years before the event/index date (P for trend <0.001). The corresponding odds ratio for self-reported CVD was 2.7 (2.2, 3.5) and 1.8 (1.4, 2.3) (P for trend <0.001). The association with MetS duration was stronger for myocardial infarction than for other CVD subtypes. Similar results were obtained when using the Japanese MetS criteria.Conclusions:The risk of CVD increases with increasing MetS duration. These findings contribute to risk stratification and encourage lifestyle modification for people with MetS to minimize their health risk.
著者
Tomotaka Ugai Keitaro Matsuo Norie Sawada Motoki Iwasaki Taiki Yamaji Taichi Shimazu Shizuka Sasazuki Manami Inoue Shoichiro Tsugane the Japan Public Health Center-based Prospective Study Group
出版者
Japan Epidemiological Association
雑誌
Journal of Epidemiology (ISSN:09175040)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.27, no.7, pp.305-310, 2017 (Released:2017-07-05)
参考文献数
23
被引用文献数
10

Background: Cigarette smoking has been reported to be associated with an increased risk of leukemia. Most epidemiological evidence on the association between cigarette smoking and leukemia risk is from studies conducted in Western populations, however, and evidence from Asian populations is scarce.Methods: We conducted a large-scale population-based cohort study of 96,992 Japanese subjects (46,493 men and 50,499 women; age 40–69 years at baseline) with an average 18.3 years of follow-up, during which we identified 90 cases of acute myeloid leukemia (AML), 19 of acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL), and 28 of chronic myeloid leukemia (CML). Hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were estimated using a Cox regression model adjusted for potential confounders.Results: When we adjusted for age, sex, and study area, our findings showed no significant association or increasing dose–response relationship between risk of AML and cigarette smoking overall. However, after further adjustment for body mass index and occupation, current smokers with more than 30 pack-years of cigarette smoking had a significantly increased risk of AML compared to never smokers among men (HR 2.21; 95% CI, 1.01–4.83). This increased risk was not clear among women.Conclusions: Our results suggest that cigarette smoking increases the risk of AML in Japanese men. The associations of smoking with AML among women, and with CML and ALL among men and women, should be assessed in future studies.
著者
Kazuomi Kario Eiichiro Yamamoto Hirofumi Tomita Takafumi Okura Shigeru Saito Takafumi Ueno Daiki Yasuhara Kazuyuki Shimada on behalf of the SYMPLICITY HTN-Japan Investigators
出版者
The Japanese Circulation Society
雑誌
Circulation Journal (ISSN:13469843)
巻号頁・発行日
pp.CJ-18-1018, (Released:2019-02-13)
参考文献数
32
被引用文献数
27

Background: SYMPLICITY HTN-Japan is a prospective, randomized, controlled trial comparing renal denervation (RDN) with standard pharmacologic therapy for treatment of uncontrolled hypertension (HTN). Methods and Results: Patients enrolled had uncontrolled HTN, defined as office systolic blood pressure (SBP) ≥160 mmHg and 24-h ambulatory SBP ≥135 mmHg, on ≥3 antihypertensive drugs of maximally tolerated dose for at least 6 weeks prior to enrollment. Randomization was 1:1 to RDN or maintenance of current medical therapy (control). Patients were followed every 6 months post-randomization for up to 36 months. There were 22 patients randomized to RDN and 19 to control, and 11 patients were crossed over and received RDN at 6 months post-randomization. For the RDN group (n=22), office SBP reduction was −32.8±20.1 mmHg and office DBP reduction was −15.8±12.6 mmHg at 36 months post-procedure, both P<0.001. For the combined RDN and crossover group (n=33), office SBP reduction was −26.7±18.9 mmHg and office DBP reduction was −12.7±11.8 mmHg at 30 months post-procedure, both P<0.001. There were no procedural-, device- or treatment-related safety events through 36 months. Conclusions: SYMPLICTY HTN-Japan is the first randomized controlled trial to evaluate RDN in an Asian population. Despite the small number of enrollments, results show patients who received RDN therapy maintained SBP reduction out to 36 months.
著者
Rina Ando Hirotaka Iwaki Tomoaki Tsujii Masahiro Nagai Noriko Nishikawa Hayato Yabe Ikuko Aiba Kazuko Hasegawa Yoshio Tsuboi Masashi Aoki Kenji Nakashima Masahiro Nomoto on behalf of the Parkinson's Disease Safe Driving Study Group of Japan
出版者
The Japanese Society of Internal Medicine
雑誌
Internal Medicine (ISSN:09182918)
巻号頁・発行日
pp.9653-17, (Released:2018-02-28)
参考文献数
22
被引用文献数
4

Objective We conducted a study to obtain information that could be used to provide Parkinson's disease (PD) patients with appropriate advice on safe driving. Methods Consecutive PD patients who visited our office were studied. Among these patients, those who had experienced driving after being diagnosed with PD were interviewed by neurologists and a trained nurse to investigate their previous car accidents, motor function, cognitive function, sleepiness, levodopa equivalent dose (LED), and emotional dysregulation. The rates of major car accidents before and after the onset of PD were compared. Results Fifteen patients had experienced a major car accident resulting in human injury or serious property damage since the onset of PD. When the rates of major car accidents before and after the onset of PD were compared, the ratio was 4.3 (95% CI 1.9-9.7). The incidence of accidents after the onset of PD was correlated with age, disease duration, LED, the cognitive function (MMSE, MoCA-J), but not the motor symptom score (UPDRS part III at the time of the study). The Questionnaire for Impulsive-Compulsive Disorders in Parkinson's Disease (QUIP) score was also higher in patients with major car accidents. Conclusion The severity of symptoms (Hoehn-Yahr classification), cognitive function, and disease duration were expected to be risk factors for car accidents. However, the motor symptom score (UPDRS part III) was not associated with the incidence of major car accidents. In addition to a low cognitive function and the severity of symptoms, the QUIP score might be an independent factor that can be referenced when advising PD patients to refrain from driving.
著者
二木 厚吉 緒方 和博 中村 正樹 Kokichi Futatsugi Kazuhiro Ogata Masaki Nakamura 北陸先端科学技術大学院大学情報科学研究科 北陸先端科学技術大学院大学情報科学研究科 北陸先端科学技術大学院大学情報科学研究科 Graduate School of Information Science Japan Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (JAIST) Graduate School of Information Science Japan Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (JAIST) Graduate School of Information Science Japan Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (JAIST)
出版者
日本ソフトウェア科学会
雑誌
コンピュータソフトウェア = Computer software (ISSN:02896540)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.25, no.2, pp.1-13, 2008-04-24
参考文献数
6
被引用文献数
3

CafeOBJ言語システムを用いた形式手法,すなわち形式仕様の作成法と検証法,を全6回にわたり解説する.CafeOBJ言語はOBJ言語を拡張した代数仕様言語であり,振舞仕様,書換仕様,パラメータ化仕様などが記述できる最先端の形式仕様言語である.CafeOBJ言語システムは,等式を書換規則として実行することで等式推論を健全にシミュレートすることができ,対話型検証システムとして利用出来る.第1回の今回は,「待ち行列を用いる相互排除プロトコル」を例題として,言語や検証法の細部に立ち入ることなく,CafeOBJ仕様の作成と検証が全体としてどのように行われるかを説明する.第2回以降では,言語の構文と意味(第2回),等式推論と項書換システム(第3回)について説明し,証明譜を用いた簡約のみに基づくCafeOBJの検証法(第4回)を解説する.さらに,認証プロトコル(第5回)と通信プロトコル(第6回)の2つの典型的な検証例も示すことで検証の技法についても解説する.The formal method, or the method for writing and verifying formal specifications, with the CafeOBJ language system is described in a series of six tutorials. The CafeOBJ language is a most advanced formal specification language which extents the OBJ language, and behavioral, rewriting, and parameterized specifications can be written in it. The CafeOBJ language system can simulate equational reasoning by executing equations as rewrite rules, and be used as an interactive verification system. This first tutorial presents an overview of the CafeOBJ formal method by using an example of "mutual exclusion protocol with a waiting queue" without getting into details of the language and the verification technique. In the following tutorials, the language and its semantics (2nd tutorial), equational reasoning and term rewriting systems (3rd tutorial) are presented, and the CafeOBJ's verification method with proof scores which only uses reductions (4th tutorial) is explained. Furthermore, CafeOBJ's verifications of an authentication protocol (5th tutorial) and a communication protocol (6th tutorial) are also presented, and several verification techniques are explained.
著者
柳本 卓 北村 徹 TAKASHI YANAGIMOTO TORU KITAMURA 北海道区水産研究所 日本エス・ユー・エス株式会社 Groundjish Biology Section Subarctic Fisheries Resources Division Hokkaido National Fisheries Research Institute Laboratory of Environmental Biology Japan NUS Co. Ltd.
出版者
The Japanese Society of Fisheries Science
雑誌
日本水産学会誌 = Bulletin of the Japanese Society of Scientific Fisheries (ISSN:00215392)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.68, no.6, pp.893-899, 2002-11-15
参考文献数
21
被引用文献数
7 4

タラ科3種(スケトウダラ,マダラ,コマイ)の成魚の筋肉から抽出した粗DNAを用いPCR法にて増幅したシトクロームb領域の塩基配列を決定した。塩基配列からDpnII,HaeIII, RsaIおよびTaqIの4種類の制限酵素により,タラ科3種の種判別ができることが明らかになった。また,種特異的なプライマーを設計して,増幅した断片の長さの違いで3種を識別する方法を確立した。これらの手法により,形態的な差異だけでは困難なタラ科仔稚魚の種判別が可能になった。Mitochondrial DNA sequences of the cytochrome b gene (1161bp) were obtained from three gadoid species (Theragra chalcogramma, Gadus macrocephalus, and Eleginus gracilis) near Hokkaido, Japan. Four restriction enzymes (DpnII, HaeIII, RsaI and TaqI) were diagnostic to identify these three species. Species specific internal primers were designed based upon the characteristic nucleotide substitutions in each species, which allowed discrimination among these three species by amplicon size.
著者
斎藤 豊 松田 尚久 中島 健 坂本 琢 山田 真善 斎藤 彰一 池松 弘朗 和田 祥城 岡 志郎 河野 弘志 佐野 寧 田中 信治 藤井 隆広 工藤 進英 浦岡 俊夫 小林 望 中村 尚志 堀田 欣一 堀松 高博 坂本 直人 傅 光義 鶴田 修 樫田 博史 竹内 洋司 町田 浩久 日下 利広 吉田 直久 平田 一郎 寺井 毅 山野 泰穂 金子 和弘 山口 裕一郎 玉井 尚人 中野(丸山) 尚子 林 奈那 岩館 峰雄 石川 秀樹 吉田 茂昭 The Japan NBI Expert Team (JNET)
出版者
一般社団法人 日本消化器内視鏡学会
雑誌
日本消化器内視鏡学会雑誌 (ISSN:03871207)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.58, no.11, pp.2314-2322, 2016 (Released:2016-11-20)
参考文献数
14

現時点で日本から提唱されている大腸NBI拡大分類(佐野分類,広島分類,昭和分類,慈恵分類)の臨床研究の結果から,大腸病変における質的・量的診断に対して,NBI拡大観察の有用性が数多く報告されている.また欧米と日本の共同グループから非拡大でも使用可能な分類としてNICE分類が提唱された.学会・研究会で討論を重ねるに従い,ⅰ)同一類似所見に対して複数の定義呼称が存在する,ⅱ)拡大内視鏡分類におけるSurface patternの必要性の有無,ⅲ)隆起型,表面型病変におけるNBI所見の相違などの問題点が議論されるようになった.2011年,この問題を解決するべく,大腸拡大NBI統一分類作成を目的とするThe Japan NBI Expert Team(JNET)が吉田茂昭先生の声かけのもと結成され,国立がん研究センターのがん研究開発費の班会議で検討が行われた.まずワーキンググループが結成され,JNET分類の元となるスケールが形成され,会議で了承を得た.このJNETスケールを元にWeb-baseでVessel pattern, Surface patternの診断精度を検討し,単変量・多変量解析の結果を基に議論を重ねたのち,2014年6月大腸拡大NBI統一分類がmodified Delphi methodによるコンセンサスを得て提唱されるに至った.JNET大腸拡大NBI分類はVessel pattern, Surface patternのカテゴリーからなるType 1,2A,2B,3の4分類に分類される.Type 1は過形成性ポリープ,Type 2Aは腺腫~低異型度癌(Tis),Type 2Bは高異型度癌(Tis/T1a),Type 3は高異型度癌(T1b~)の病理所見に相関する.所見の目合わせに関して現在班会議,日本消化器内視鏡学会附置研究会において議論を重ねている段階である.