著者
庄司 和彦 藤田 修治 大森 孝一 辻 純 伊藤 壽一 本庄 巖
出版者
耳鼻咽喉科臨床学会
雑誌
耳鼻咽喉科臨床 (ISSN:00326313)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.81, no.12, pp.1709-1713, 1988-12-01 (Released:2011-11-04)
参考文献数
4
被引用文献数
1 1

Patients with multi-electrode cochlear implants can distinguish vowels well, but the ‘sounds’ they hear through this device are unknown. In order to simulate vowels through multielectrode cochlear implants, we synthesized waves which have translated formant frequencies using a computer and reverse fourier transformation .Through a digital-analog converter, we heard the synthesized sounds. Each sound is quite different from each vowel, but we can easily distinguish them from each other. With the use of this procedure, cochlear implants can be expected to be improved.
著者
小馬 徹
出版者
国立民族学博物館
雑誌
国立民族学博物館研究報告 (ISSN:0385180X)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.14, no.1, pp.p117-165, 1989

The Kipsigis of Kenya have been using, as a tradition, decimalnotation. However, they hate and try to avoid countingnot only their members but also domestic animals, just like manyother east African pastoral peoples. This could be the reasonwhy they seem to have had, at first, the notion of numbersimply consisting of just the most basic numbers from one to ten.This plain notion of number is closely linked with the verb'saspect system of the Kipsigis language, and their views of timeand space.In counting 1-5 on fingers, a Kipsigis uses the left handfolding the fingers one by one. The little finger represents 1;the third finger 2; the middle finger 3; the forefinger 4; thethumb 5. In counting 6-10, he adds the fingers of the righthand to the left fist, one at a time. Now, the little fingerrepresents 6; the third finger 7; the middle finger 8; the forefinger9; the thumb 10.According to old Kipsigis men, the most basic numbers of1-10, at the same time, imply something more than the notionof number. 1-5, which are shown by the thumb and fingers ofthe left hand, symbolise oneself (1), oneself and the other, whichrepresents the community (2), conflictive situations existingbetween oneself and the community (3), harmonious situationsexisting between oneself and the community (4), and the completionof the cosmic harmony (5), respectively. In other words,the numbers represented by the thumb and fingers of the lefthand(1-5) symbolise the development of one's consciousness bysteps from self-orientated state to community-orientated state.On the other hand, each of 6-10, which are represented bythe thumb and fingers of right hand, just expresses linguisticallythat the indicated number is big and difficult to comprehend.Thus 10 (taman) literally means "It beats me" ( Taamenan).Above all, 5 (mut) and 10 (taman) linked themselves withthe notions of past, present, and future on which Kipsigis viewtime bases, as shown below. A transitive verb, mut, signifiesi) to encircle, and ii) to cut something into two. When a man`clenches a fist' (mumut) with the left hand , to connote 5, thisdivides the entire set of the basic numbers (1-10) into two, i.e.,the already counted 5 (1-5) and the uncounted 5 (6-10). InKipsigis amut, which can literally mean 'I cut it into two , is foryesterday. Mutai means morning in the Kipsigis language ingeneral, and yet it means to-morrow in the northern Kipsigisdialect, just as in some other Kalenjin languages, includingNandi and Terik. In addition, mutai can literally mean 'thefirst (tai) five (mut). Here making a fist for counting 5 is associatedwith a rotation of the sun, which causes day and night. Andtherefore closing both hands to count 10 is connected with thedoubled rotation of the sun, and, as the result, with yesterday(oin). Being the last number in the Kipsigis's basic numericalcounting system, 10 is also connected with the day after tomorrowand the day before yesterday, which are the terminals in theKipsigis's day-counting system.Taman (10) shares the common stem tam with a word tam,which means 'to become difficult' as an intransitive verb, and'every day' as an adverb . Then, koyoin (i.e., the day aftertomorrow) is closely associated with yoin or yoindet (i.e., the creator)which is usually referred as Asis. Asis is the Kipsigis's omnipotentGod that can be the sun as its emblem. On the other hand,oin (i.e., the day before yesterday) is closely associated withoindet, which means a dead ancestor.In Kipsigis view of time, the two-tiered mutai (tomorrow)/koyoin (the day after tomorrow) set faces its counterpart, theamut (yesterday) /oin (the day before yesterday) set, with ra orraini (i.e., today) between. The verb's time-aspect system ratherfaithfully reflects Kipsigis's view of time, for the two-tiered verb'sfuture-aspect set of tomorrow and the day after tomorrowconfronts the two-tiered past-aspect set of yesterday and the daybefore yesterday with a today-aspect between.In Kipsigis, the view of time is highly infiltrated by that ofspace. Adverbs of time are formed on the basis of local adverbs.Space is divided into three strata, i.e., over there (at a remoteplace), there (out of reach of the speaker), and here (within reachof the speaker), with the last one as the starting point. Thethree strata are indicated by the suffixes, -i, -on, and -in, respectively.Sets of pronouns also share a similar stratification.Moreover, the binary opposition of koyoin (the day aftertomorrow)/oin (the day before yesterday) has firm associationwith another binary opposition of east/west, through the intermediationof yoindet (the creator God sensed through the sun)/oindet (dead ancestor, who is in charge of death in its clan) binaryopposition. As the most important nucleus in the Kipsigis'ssymbolism, east represents the creator, the sun, sunrise, life, sky,future, and menfolk, whereas west represents ancestors, themoon, sunset, earth, past, and womenfolk.All in all, the Kipsigis system of counting on fingers isconsidered to be well-embeded in their symbolism as a whole.
著者
福島 真人
出版者
京都大学東南アジア研究センター
雑誌
東南アジア研究 (ISSN:05638682)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.24, no.4, pp.418-435, 1987-03

この論文は国立情報学研究所の学術雑誌公開支援事業により電子化されました。
著者
神保弁静 編
出版者
神保弁静
巻号頁・発行日
vol.第4輯, 1914
著者
白石 順二 花岡 信子 宇都宮 あかね 上田 容子 津田 和良
出版者
公益社団法人 日本放射線技術学会
雑誌
日本放射線技術学会雑誌 (ISSN:03694305)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.53, no.1, pp.19-24, 1997-01-20 (Released:2017-06-29)
参考文献数
4
被引用文献数
2 1

The relationship between gantry angle and the interval length of the scanning plane in computed tomography(CT)was studied with a simple geometrical calculation and the evaluation of clinical images obtained with a human phantom. The change in patient dose was also evaluated under various conditions of gantry angle. When the same table feeding distance was used, it was theoretically and experimentally demonstrated that the interval length of the scanning plane was significantly decreased as the gantry angle increased(e.g.about 10% at twenty-five degrees). Integrated patient dose during the sequence could be changed by various combinations of gantry angle and table feeding distance, and was decreased by setting an optimal interval length of scanning plane according to the gantry angle. We concluded that gantry angle had obvious effects on the interval length of the scanning plane and patient dose, and the new method of increasing the table feeding distance according to the gantry angle might be useful for the improvement of image reproduction and the reduction of patient dose.

1 0 0 0 OA 通信要録

著者
坂野鉄次郎 著
出版者
三省堂
巻号頁・発行日
1909
著者
至田 雅一
出版者
日本物理教育学会
雑誌
物理教育 (ISSN:03856992)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.47, no.5, pp.297-300, 1999-10-25 (Released:2017-02-10)
参考文献数
7
被引用文献数
1

学級崩壊や学校崩壊という言葉がマスコミを騒がしている。これらの状況の根幹には「児童・生徒たちにとってより良い『授業』,『学校』とはどのようなものなのか。」という教育全般に関わる本質的な問題が存在している。本稿では,かつて学校崩壊に陥りそれを克服してきた,ある府立高校の経験から平常時には見えない『授業』成立のための前提について議論し,「児童・生徒を生かす『秩序』」の重要性を示す。
著者
谷 順彦 坂田 和男
出版者
The Ichthyological Society of Japan
雑誌
魚類学雑誌 (ISSN:18847374)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.24, no.1, pp.1-11, 1977

日本産フナの有効な分類基準を得るため, それらの筋漿蛋白像をデンプンゲル電気泳動法により分析した。デンプンゲル泳動像はデンプンの質, ゲルのデンプン濃度, ゲルと電極槽の緩衝液のpHなどの要因の影響を受け, 若干変化した。そこで種内および種間変異を最も明瞭に示す実験条件下で, 分類学上重要ないくつかの地点から採集したフナ類の筋漿蛋白像を比較したところ, それらは基本的4型に類別された。第1型はCarassius buergeriの4亜種;キンタロウブナ, キンブナ, ニゴロブナ, ナガブナを含む。第1型は1遺伝子座の2対立遺伝子に支配される3変異型, 1-A, 1-AB, 1-B型に細分される。キンブナ類のA遺伝子頻度は地域によって異なり, 0~1.00の範囲で変動した。<BR>第II型にはギンブナが含まれる。第II型もまた4変異型に細分されるが, バンドの数とそれらの濃度などから判断して, これらの変異が単に有性生殖集団内における共通の座の対立遺伝子による変異とは考え難い.これら4変異型のうちII-1およびII-3型は霞ヶ浦に多く, II-2型は西日本に多く, II-4型は霞ヶ浦でわずかに認められた.ゲンゴロウブナは例外なく第III型に含まれた.ヨーロッパブナは目本産フナのどの泳動像にもあてはまらないが, キンブナの像にいくぶん似たところが認められた。
著者
Shinobu Hazama Satoshi Ichikawa Fumihiro Yonebayashi
出版者
Japanese Association of Forensic Science and Technology
雑誌
日本法科学技術学会誌 (ISSN:18801323)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.13, no.1, pp.67-72, 2008 (Released:2008-04-19)
参考文献数
13

Enantioselective analysis of methamphetamine (MA) and amphetamine (AP) is necessary in forensic drug analysis. In general, standard materials are required for performing forensic investigation and also for developing new analytical methods. However, l-MA is not commercially available in Japan and only a few reports are available on the enantioselective synthesis of l-MA. We developed a new and convenient method for the synthesis of l-MA using d-norephedrine (d-NE) as a starting material. d-NE was treated with 1,1′-carbonyldiimidazole to produce the corresponding cyclic carbonate, and the product was treated with sodium hydride and iodomethane to form mono-N-methylated amine derivative, which was treated with palladium on activated carbon in hydrogen atmosphere for catalytic reduction. After the addition of aqueous hydrogen chloride (HCl), l-MA was obtained as its HCl salt (total yield 58%).
著者
原田 篤 黒部 仁 大塚 正彦
出版者
日本臨床外科学会
雑誌
日本臨床外科学会雑誌 (ISSN:13452843)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.77, no.1, pp.66-69, 2016 (Released:2016-07-29)
参考文献数
18

症例は2歳6カ月,女児.数回の嘔吐,間欠的腹痛を主訴に来院した.腹部単純X線にて2個の連なる異物と小腸の拡張を認めた.異物誤飲を疑い,両親に詳細な問診を行ったところ,日常的に使っている磁器治療器(ピップエレキバン®)を誤飲した可能性が考えられた.異物が腸閉塞の原因となっていると判断し,緊急開腹手術を施行した.開腹すると2個のピップエレキバン®が結合しバンドを形成,同部位に小腸が嵌まり込む形で絞扼性イレウスをきたしていた.異物誤飲は乳幼児の開腹歴のないイレウスの鑑別疾患に挙げる必要があり,消化管穿孔の症状がなくても,絞扼性イレウスを呈することがあるため,緊急開腹手術をすべきと考えられた.