13 0 0 0 箱族の街

著者
舟越健之輔著
出版者
新潮社
巻号頁・発行日
1983
著者
鈴木 正崇
出版者
慶應義塾大学法学研究会
雑誌
法学研究 (ISSN:03890538)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.77, no.1, pp.185-235, 2004-01

一 はじめに二 津軽石三 又兵衛祭り四 伝説五 伝説の相互比較六 祭祀対象七 祭祀の背景八 カタチの解釈学九 現代へのメッセージ川合隆男教授退職記念号
著者
森 勇太
出版者
日本語学会
雑誌
日本語の研究 (ISSN:13495119)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.9, no.3, pp.1-16, 2013-07-01 (Released:2017-07-28)
被引用文献数
1

現代語では,動詞の連用形に相当する形式で命令を行う"連用形命令"が西日本を中心に見られる。この連用形命令は宝暦頃から見られはじめるものであるが,本稿では,この連用形命令の成立過程を考察した。近世前期には,すでに敬語助動詞「やる」の命令形「やれ」が「や」と形態変化を起こし,待遇価値も低くなっている。また,終助詞「や」も近世上方に存在していた。このことから連用形命令は近世上方において,敬語助動詞命令形「や」が終助詞と再分析され,「や」の前部要素が命令形相当の形式として独立し,成立したと考える。この連用形命令が成立したのは,待遇価値の下がった命令形命令を避けながらも,聞き手に対して強い拘束力のもと行為指示を行うという発話意図があったためである。また,各地で敬語由来の命令形相当の形式(第三の命令形)が成立しており,連用形命令の成立も"敬語から第三の命令形へ"という一般性のある変化として位置づけられる。
著者
加藤 清司
出版者
公益社団法人 日本産業衛生学会
雑誌
産業衛生学雑誌 (ISSN:13410725)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.37, no.5, pp.309-319, 1995 (Released:2009-03-27)
参考文献数
121
被引用文献数
4 4

有機リン化合物は,合成樹脂産業での抗酸化剤や可塑剤,農業用殺虫剤あるいは神経ガス兵器として利用されてきている.一部の有機リン化合物は, acetylcholine esterase阻害作用とは異なる遅発性神経毒性(OPIDN)を有している.本総説では, OPIDN研究の現況について述べ,今後の研究の方向について考察する. OPIDNでは,化合物暴露後7日以上の潜伏期,軸索変性を伴う下肢麻痺,および加齢や動物種による感受性の相違が特徴的である.若い動物や齧歯類では感受性は低い.阻害された神経毒性エステレース(または神経障害標的エステレース: NTE)の坐骨神経での回復の早さばかりではなく, carboxylesteraseを含む解毒機構が加齢および種による感受性の相違に貢献している. OPIDNでは順行性軸索輸送には変化は認められないようであるが,逆行性軸索輸送は阻害されると報告されている. NTEの阻害,および阻害されたNTEのagingがOPIDNの発症機序と考えられてきたが,これに反対する議論もある. CaM K IIのようなkinaseによるcytoskeletal proteinのリン酸化や神経毒性物質高親和性結合部位がOPIDNの発症を引き起こすのかもしれない.亜リン酸トリフェニル(TPP)は合成樹脂産業で一般的に使われている化合物であるが, OPIDNとはいくぶん異なる遅発性神経毒性を持っている. TPP誘導性神経毒性の潜伏期はOPIDNのそれに比べ短く,齧歯類も同毒性に対して感受性を示す.軸索の障害に加え,神経細胞も障害される.ミトコンドリアのエネルギー代謝関連酵素が本毒性の標的かもしれない.今後の研究はOPIDNとcytoskeletal proteinのリン酸化および高親和性結合部位との関連の追究に向けられるとともに,齧歯類での発症モデルの開発に向けられることが望まれる.これらの研究はOPIDNについて未解明の部分に解答を与えるとともに,変性性神経疾患の病因解明にも貢献するであろう.
著者
佐藤 達夫
出版者
医学書院
雑誌
臨床泌尿器科 (ISSN:03852393)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.45, no.11, pp.837-846, 1991-10-20

睾丸(精巣)のラテン語名testisの第1語義は「証人」witnessであり,「睾丸」は男性を証明するものという意味で派生した第2語義と想像される.使用頻度の高いtestify,testament,testという英単語もtestisと用じ語源をもつものらしい.睾丸のもつ重要性は"testis"に表わされていると見ていいだろうし,英語testisやフランス語tes-ticule,イタリア語testicolo,スペイン語testeに継承されているのも理解できるところである.それにくらべると,睾丸炎orchitisなどに使われるギリシャ語のorchisは蘭(一般にオーキッドorchidと呼ばれている)のことで,その球根の形に似ていることに由来し,またドイツ語のHoden(単数はHode,ふつう複数で用いられる)は古高地ドイツ語の包むumhüllenから由来したとされ(いわば「おくるみ」),testisよりインパクトがかなり弱い. ついでながら副睾丸(精巣上体)のepididymisのepi—はもちろん「の上に」であるが,didymisはギリシャ語で「対をなした」に由来する.つまり有対の睾丸の上にのっかったものという程の意味で,ギリシャ出身の大医学者Galenus(129〜199)が使っているという1).
著者
中島 淑恵
出版者
富山大学附属図書館

テーマ:溺死する女I.宍道湖の嫁ヶ島伝説「神々の首都」https://www.gutenberg.org/ebooks/8130Glimpses of Unfamiliar Japan: First Series by Lafcadio HearnChapter Seven The Chief City of the Province of the GodsSec. 8The vapours have vanished, sharply revealing a beautiful little islet inthe lake, lying scarcely half a mile away--a low, narrow strip of landwith a Shinto shrine upon it, shadowed by giant pines; not pines likeours, but huge, gnarled, shaggy, tortuous shapes, vast-reaching likeancient oaks. Through a glass one can easily discern a torii, and beforeit two symbolic lions of stone (Kara-shishi), one with its head brokenoff, doubtless by its having been overturned and dashed about by heavywaves during some great storm. This islet is sacred to Benten, theGoddess of Eloquence and Beauty, wherefore it is called Benten-no-shima.But it is more commonly called Yomega-shima, or 'The Island of the YoungWife,' by reason of a legend. It is said that it arose in one night,noiselessly as a dream, bearing up from the depths of the lake thebody of a drowned woman who had been very lovely, very pious, and veryunhappy. The people, deeming this a sign from heaven, consecrated theislet to Benten, and thereon built a shrine unto her, planted treesabout it, set a torii before it, and made a rampart about it with greatcuriously-shaped stones; and there they buried the drowned woman.II.焼津にて「惚れたがために溺れ死ぬ女」羽島娘,ギリシア神話ヘーローとレアンドロスの物語https://www.gutenberg.org/ebooks/8128In Ghostly Japan by Lafcadio HearnAt YaidzuIIAs I touched the stones again, I was startled by seeing two whiteshadows before me; but a kindly voice, asking if the water wascold, set me at ease. It was the voice of my old landlord,Otokichi the fishseller, who had come to look for me, accompaniedby his wife."Only pleasantly cool," I made answer, as I threw on my robe togo home with them."Ah," said the wife, "it is not good to go out there on the nightof the Bon!""I did not go far," I replied;--"I only wanted to look at thelanterns.""Even a Kappa gets drowned sometimes,"(1) protested Otokichi."There was a man of this village who swam home a distance ofseven ri, in bad weather, after his boat had been broken. But hewas drowned afterwards."Seven ri means a trifle less than eighteen miles. I asked if anyof the young men now in the settlement could do as much."Probably some might," the old man replied. "There are manystrong swimmers. All swim here,--even the little children. Butwhen fisher-folk swim like that, it is only to save their lives.""Or to make love," the wife added,--"like the Hashima girl.""Who?" queried I."A fisherman's daughter," said Otokichi. "She had a lover inAjiro, several ri distant; and she used to swim to him at night,and swim back in the morning. He kept a light burning to guideher. But one dark night the light was neglected--or blown out;and she lost her way, and was drowned.... The story is famous inIdzu."--"So," I said to myself, "in the Far East, it is poor Hero thatdoes the swimming. And what, under such circumstances, would havebeen the Western estimate of Leander?"1 This is a common proverb:--Kappa mo obore-shini. The Kappa is awater-goblin, haunting rivers especially.III.『チータ』における水死体-なぜか女性の死体ばかり詳しく描写される1)I.の末尾,嵐のあとで,花嫁の水死体https://www.gutenberg.org/ebooks/717Chita: A Memory of Last Island by Lafcadio HearnThe Legend of L'Ile DerniereVII. There is money in notes and in coin--inpurses, in pocketbooks, and in pockets: plenty of it! There are silks,satins, laces, and fine linen to be stripped from the bodies of thedrowned,--and necklaces, bracelets, watches, finger-rings and finechains, brooches and trinkets ... "Chi bidizza!--Oh! chi beddamughieri! Eccu, la bidizza!" That ball-dress was made in Parisby--But you never heard of him, Sicilian Vicenzu ... "Che bellasposina!" Her betrothal ring will not come off, Giuseppe; but thedelicate bone snaps easily: your oyster-knife can sever the tendon ..."Guardate! chi bedda picciota!" Over her heart you will find it,Valentino--the locket held by that fine Swiss chain of wovenhair--"Caya manan!"And it is not your quadroon bondsmaid, sweet lady, who now disrobes youso roughly; those Malay hands are less deft than hers,--but sheslumbers very far away from you, and may not be aroused from her sleep."Na quita mo! dalaga!--na quita maganda!" ... Juan, the fastenings ofthose diamond ear-drops are much too complicated for your peon fingers:tear them out!--"Dispense, chulita!" ...... Suddenly a long, mighty silver trilling fills the ears of all:there is a wild hurrying and scurrying; swiftly, one after another, theoverburdened luggers spread wings and flutter away.Thrice the great cry rings rippling through the gray air, and over thegreen sea, and over the far-flooded shell-reefs, where the huge whiteflashes are,--sheet-lightning of breakers,--and over the weird wash ofcorpses coming in.It is the steam-call of the relief-boat, hastening to rescue theliving, to gather in the dead.The tremendous tragedy is over!2)黒人,混血娘の水死体Out of the Sea's StrengthIII. One was that of a negro, apparently well attired, andwearing a white apron;--the other seemed to be a young colored girl,clad in a blue dress; she was floating upon her face; they couldobserve that she had nearly straight hair, braided and tied with a redribbon. These were evidently house-servants,--slaves. But fromwhence? Nothing could be learned until the luggers should return; andnone of them was yet in sight. Still Feliu was not anxious as to thefate of his boats, manned by the best sailors of the coast. Rarely arethese Louisiana fishermen lost in sudden storms; even when to othereyes the appearances are most pacific and the skies most splendidlyblue, they divine some far-off danger, like the gulls; and like thegulls also, you see their light vessels fleeing landward. 3)チータ発見Out of the Sea's StrengthIII. Yes--but somethingtoo that lives and moves, like a quivering speck of gold; and Mateoalso perceives it, a gleam of bright hair,--and Miguel likewise, aftera moment's gazing. A living child;--a lifeless mother. Pobrecita! Noboat within reach, and only a mighty surf-wrestler could hope to swimthither and return!But already, without a word, brown Feliu has stripped for thestruggle;--another second, and he is shooting through the surf, headand hands tunnelling the foam hills.... One--two--three linespassed!--four!--that is where they first begin to crumble white fromthe summit,--five!--that he can ride fearlessly! ... Then swiftly,easily, he advances, with a long, powerful breast-stroke,--keeping hisbearded head well up to watch for drift,--seeming to slide with a swingfrom swell to swell,--ascending, sinking,--alternately presentingbreast or shoulder to the wave; always diminishing more and more to theeyes of Mateo and Miguel,--till he becomes a moving speck, occasionallyhard to follow through the confusion of heaping waters ... You are notafraid of the sharks, Feliu!--no: they are afraid of you; right andleft they slunk away from your coming that morning you swam for life inWest-Indian waters, with your knife in your teeth, while the balls ofthe Cuban coast-guard were purring all around you. That day theswarming sea was warm,--warm like soup--and clear, with an emeraldflash in every ripple,--not opaque and clamorous like the Gulf today... Miguel and his comrade are anxious. Ropes are unrolled andinter-knotted into a line. Miguel remains on the beach; but Mateo,bearing the end of the line, fights his way out,--swimming and wadingby turns, to the further sandbar, where the water is shallow enough tostand in,--if you know how to jump when the breaker comes.But Feliu, nearing the flooded shell-bank, watches the whiteflashings,--knows when the time comes to keep flat and take a long,long breath. One heavy volleying of foam,--darkness and hissing as ofa steam-burst; a vibrant lifting up; a rush into light,--and again thevolleying and the seething darkness. Once more,--and the fight is won!He feels the upcoming chill of deeper water,--sees before him the greenquaking of unbroken swells,--and far beyond him Mateo leaping on thebar,--and beside him, almost within arm's reach, a great billiard-tableswaying, and a dead woman clinging there, and ... the child.A moment more, and Feliu has lifted himself beside the waifs ... Howfast the dead woman clings, as if with the one power which is strong asdeath,--the desperate force of love! Not in vain; for the frailcreature bound to the mother's corpse with a silken scarf has still thestrength to cry out:--"Maman! maman!" But time is life now; and thetiny hands must be pulled away from the fair dead neck, and the scarftaken to bind the infant firmly to Feliu's broad shoulders,--quickly,roughly; for the ebb will not wait ...4)遺体発見Out of the Sea's StrengthVI. Some locks of bright hair stilladhering to the skull, a string of red beads, a white muslin dress, ahandkerchief broidered with the initials "A.L.B.,"--were secured asclews; and the little body was interred where it had been found.And, several days before, Captain Hotard, of the relief-boat EstelleBrousseaux, had found, drifting in the open Gulf (latitude 26 degrees43 minutes; longitude 88 degrees 17 minutes),--the corpse of afair-haired woman, clinging to a table. The body was disfigured beyondrecognition: even the slender bones of the hands had been stripped bythe nibs of the sea-birds-except one finger, the third of the left,which seemed to have been protected by a ring of gold, as by a charm.Graven within the plain yellow circlet was a date,--"JUILLET--1851";and the names,--"ADELE + JULIEN,"--separated by a cross. The Estellecarried coffins that day: most of them were already full; but therewas one for Adele.Who was she?--who was her Julien? ... When the Estelle and many othervessels had discharged their ghastly cargoes;--when the bereaved of theland had assembled as hastily as they might for the du y ofidentification;--when memories were strained almost to madness inresearch of names, dates, incidents--for the evocation of dead words,resurrection of vanished days, recollection of dear promises,--then, inthe confusion, it was believed and declared that the little corpsefound on the pelican island was the daughter of the wearer of thewedding ring: Adele La Brierre, nee Florane, wife of Dr. Julien LaBrierre, of New Orleans, who was numbered among the missing.And they brought dead Adele back,--up shadowy river windings, overlinked brightnesses of lake and lakelet, through many a greenglimmering bayou,--to the Creole city, and laid her to rest somewherein the old Saint-Louis Cemetery. And upon the tablet recording hername were also graven the words-- ..................... Aussi a la memoire de son mari; JULIEN RAYMOND LA BRIERRE, ne a la paroisse St. Landry, le 29 Mai; MDCCCXXVIII; et de leur fille, EULALIE, agee de 4 as et 5 mois,-- Qui tous perirent dans la grande tempete qui balaya L'Ile Derniere, le 10 Aout, MDCCCLVI ..... + ..... Priez pour eux!IV.「ギリシャ詞華集」ロードスのクセノクリトス(二九一,168ページ)水死した花嫁を父が嘆くギリシア詞華集(第2巻) (OPAC)http://opac.lib.u-toyama.ac.jp/opc/recordID/catalog.bib/BB19111267
著者
長澤 淑夫
出版者
千葉大学大学院人文社会科学研究科
雑誌
千葉大学人文社会科学研究科研究プロジェクト報告書 (ISSN:18817165)
巻号頁・発行日
no.166, pp.13-24, 2011-02-28

千葉大学大学院人文社会科学研究科研究プロジェクト報告書第166集『日本の社会・労働運動の史的研究』三宅明正 編
著者
曽山 哲人 栗木 契
出版者
日本マーケティング学会
雑誌
マーケティングジャーナル (ISSN:03897265)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.37, no.4, pp.33-46, 2018 (Released:2019-05-31)
参考文献数
18

本論文では,エフェクチュエーションを支える制度を,組織としていかに構築していくかを探索する。そのために本論文は,株式会社サイバーエージェントという社内スタートアップの創出に長けた企業が,その社内制度をどのような試行錯誤のなかから編み出してきたかを,同社の社内資料をもとに振り返る。その結果として見えてくるのは,サイバーエージェントでは,大量の提案を生み出す制度,より多くの社員のあいだに決断経験の機会を広げる制度,スタートアップの撤退ラインを明文化した制度,そして非金銭的報酬を重視した制度の充実が,その社内でのエフェクチュアルな行動をうながしているという関係である。
著者
梅垣 壽春 大矢 雅則 日合 文雄
出版者
一般社団法人 日本物理学会
雑誌
日本物理学会誌 (ISSN:00290181)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.35, no.3, pp.241-252, 1980-03-05 (Released:2008-04-14)
参考文献数
23

数学という基盤に立って物事を体系付けようとする場合, まず定義を与えることから始められる. 定義は論理的な約束, 或いは規約に基づいた条件の組合せによって設定される. エントロピーという物理学上の概念が三つの条件からなる公理系によって定義付けられたことによって遂には情報理論という全く新しい数学が構築され, 古くからの数学の問題が解決されたり, 新たな数学の概念が発見され, それが数学の進歩を促し, その結果自然科学以外の他の領域にも重大な関わりをもたらしている. エントロピーとは非常に不可思議な数理形式をしている. それが必ずS(P)=Σpklogpk-1とかS(f)=∫flogf-1dXというように表わされる必然性は偶然を支配する神々のなす業なのであろうか. 最近では再び物理, 詳しくは数理物理学ともいわれる境界領域に, 情報理論的に構成された相対エントロピーなどが頻りに立場して来ている. まさに, これは数学と物理学との交流の接点とでもいうべきか. 今後も問題点がこの接点の近傍で探求されることが期待される.
著者
清水 勝嘉
出版者
The Japanese Society of Health and Human Ecology
雑誌
民族衛生 (ISSN:03689395)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.42, no.2, pp.87-97, 1976 (Released:2011-02-25)
参考文献数
23

In this paper, trachoma and blindness, leprosy, and parasitosis, which had been involved in the problems of public health in the early years of the Showa Era, were described. 1. Morbidity rate of trachoma in the beginning of Showa declined as compared with that in the Meiji and Taisho Era. There may be main factors of the declination of morbidity rate that emphasis was laid on the trachoma in physical examination for school children and conscriptee, that preventive measure against trachoma required small expense and that the mass examination for trachoma was simple and easy. Blindness was closely related with trachoma. 2. The goverment organization of the National Leprosarium was proclaimed in 1927 and Leprosy Prevention Law was widely revised in 1931. Since then prevention of leprosy have been made it a principle to isolate the patients in the National Leprosarium. 3. It appeared obvious in the beginning of the Showa Era that higher morbidity rate of parasitosis was 40%-60% in urban and 70%-80% in rural area. Parasitosis Prevention Law was proclaimed in 1931. However, the morbidity rate showed no decreasing tendency. Major countermeasures against parasitosis in those days were the stool examination for paraites, administration of anthelminthic, and popularization of new type of lavatory improved by the Ministry of Home Affaires.
著者
友利 幸之介
出版者
公益社団法人 北海道作業療法士会
雑誌
作業療法の実践と科学 (ISSN:24345806)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.1, no.4, pp.57-67, 2019 (Released:2019-11-29)
参考文献数
24

作業療法のエビデンス構築は, 他領域と比べて明らかに遅れている. これは研究者の責任に依るところが大きいと猛省しているが, 臨床研究には臨床家の参画が欠かせない. 臨床家一人ひとりが, 研究を他人事とせず取り組むことが求められている. そこで本稿では, 作業療法研究のロードマップと題して, 1) まず研究論文を日々の臨床で活用することから始め, 2) 良質な事例報告とは何かを定義し, 3) 事例報告で生成された仮説を疫学研究へ発展させるための方法と, 4) 最後にエビデンスを構築するための仮説検証方法について論ずる.
著者
松原 達哉 Matsubara Tatsuya
出版者
筑波大学心理学系
雑誌
筑波大学心理学研究 (ISSN:09158952)
巻号頁・発行日
no.2, pp.57-64, 1980-03-31