著者

田中 康友

出版者

一般財団法人 アジア政経学会

雑誌

アジア研究 (ISSN:00449237)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.45, no.1, pp.29-60, 1999 (Released:2014-09-15)

著者

保田 浩志 賞雅 朝子 飯本 武志

出版者

一般社団法人日本保健物理学会

雑誌

保健物理 (ISSN:03676110)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.57, no.1, pp.30-35, 2022-03-31 (Released:2022-05-26)

参考文献数

3

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In addition to the International Commission on Radiological Protection (ICRP), there are several international organizations that are engaged in activities related to radiological protection. This article briefly reviews the aims and major activities of and interrelationships between those organizations, followed by opinions about how Japanese experts should contribute to those activities.

著者

綾部 早穂 山田 一夫 青木 佐奈枝 一谷 幸男 松井 豊

出版者

筑波大学

雑誌

挑戦的萌芽研究

巻号頁・発行日

2014-04-01

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3つのアプローチからにおいのトラウマ記憶を探求した。臨床心理士への面接調査から、五感に示されるPTSD症状で、嗅覚に関する症状は当事者・治療者ともに認識が低いこと、味嗅覚は特定の被害とは結びつかないが、フラッシュバックで体験されることが示された。人間のにおい嫌悪条件づけ実験では、条件づけられたにおいへの主観的不快感には変化はなかったが、連続提示した場合に強度減衰が生じにくいことが示され、不快臭に対して注意が継続的に向けられることが示唆された。また、PTSDモデル動物に関しては、無臭の装置にラットを入れ、その後においと電撃を対提示した場合でのみ、においに対する恐怖反応がみられ、方法を確立した。

著者

藤井 斉亮

出版者

公益社団法人 日本数学教育学会

雑誌

日本数学教育学会誌 (ISSN:0021471X)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.74, no.R58, pp.3-27, 1992-03-25 (Released:2021-06-21)

著者

Yuichi Muraki Ryuji Koizumi Yoshiki Kusama Ryo Inose Masahiro Ishikane Norio Ohmagari

出版者

The Pharmaceutical Society of Japan

雑誌

Biological and Pharmaceutical Bulletin (ISSN:09186158)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.46, no.10, pp.1490-1493, 2023-10-01 (Released:2023-10-01)

参考文献数

14

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Voriconazole (VRCZ) is an antifungal drug that necessitates therapeutic monitoring (TDM). Typically, TDM is recommended for patients undergoing long-term outpatient treatment. However, in Japan, insurance reimbursement for TDM is only permitted for inpatients. There is a concern that VRCZ use is growing among outpatients, although information regarding this issue remains unavailable. Therefore, we aimed to clarify the use of VRCZ by utilizing data from the National Database of Health Insurance Claims and Specific Health Checkups in Japan. The use of branded and generic oral VRCZ from 2013 to 2019 was calculated using the defined daily doses/1000 inhabitants/d (DID) for each receipt type. Oral VRCZ was used more frequently in the outpatient setting than that in the inpatient setting, with use increasing over time. The use of generic drugs began in 2016 and accounted for 52.5% of the use in 2019 among outpatients. Considering outpatient prescriptions, 76.4–81.0% were dispensed at insurance pharmacies, indicating the need for community pharmacist involvement. Accordingly, the appropriate use of VRCZ in ambulatory care should be promoted in collaboration with community pharmacists, and a reimbursement system should be established to implement TDM in ambulatory care.

著者

Eiichi Goto Tatsuaki Tagami Koki Ogawa Tetsuya Ozeki

出版者

The Pharmaceutical Society of Japan

雑誌

Biological and Pharmaceutical Bulletin (ISSN:09186158)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.46, no.10, pp.1461-1467, 2023-10-01 (Released:2023-10-01)

参考文献数

34

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Since three-dimensional (3D)-printed tablets were approved by the United States Food and Drug Administration (FDA), 3D printing technology has garnered increasing interest for the fabrication of medical and pharmaceutical devices. With various dosing devices being designed for manufacture by 3D printing, 3D-printed ophthalmic formulations to release drugs have been one such target of investigation. In the current study, 3D-printed contact lenses designed for the controlled release of the antibiotic azithromycin were produced by vat photopolymerization, and the effect of the printer ink composition and a second curing process was investigated. The azithromycin-loaded contact lenses were composed of the cross-linking reagent polyethylene glycol diacrylate (PEGDA), PEG 400 as a solvent, a photoinitiator, and azithromycin. The 3D-printed contact lenses were fabricated successfully, and formulations with lower PEGDA concentrations produced thicker lenses. The mechanical strength of the PEGDA-based contact lenses was dependent on the amount of PEGDA and was improved by a second curing process. Drug release from 3D-printed contact lenses was reduced in the samples with a second curing process. The azithromycin-loaded contact lenses exhibited antimicrobial effects in vitro for both Gram-positive and -negative bacteria. These results suggest that 3D-printed contact lenses containing antibiotics are an effective model for treating eye infections by controlling drug release.

著者

河田 照芳

出版者

公益社団法人 高分子学会

雑誌

高分子 (ISSN:04541138)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.44, no.10, pp.662-665, 1995-10-01 (Released:2011-10-14)

参考文献数

3

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極細繊維のハシリとその製造技術を述べ,次に用途展開を説明し,最後に極細繊維の将来を予想する.

著者

細谷 亨

出版者

政治経済学・経済史学会

雑誌

歴史と経済 (ISSN:13479660)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.60, no.3, pp.30-39, 2018-04-30 (Released:2020-04-30)

参考文献数

29

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Japanese settlement in Manchuria (Japanese immigration to Manchuria) was a national emigration policy implemented by the Empire of Japan from 1932 until Japan’ s defeat in 1945. The history of Japanese immigration to Manchuria has previously been analyzed from various perspectives, though analysis has focused mainly on agricultural history and colonies. Over the past few years, considerable focus has been placed on increased food production as dictated by the expansion of Japan’ s total war effort and the role of immigrants as a means of food production. Immigrants were responsible for increasing food production. This paper examines the circumstances faced by farmers both in their home villages in Japan and in the villages they were sent to establish in Manchuria. Specifically, this paper has ascertained food shortages those immigrants faced and their domination overo ther ethnic groups in Manchuria as the Asian‒Pacific War intensified.Japanese immigration to Manchuria markedly intensified during the Asian‒Pacific War as the shortage of the rural labor force became more evident. Two policy issues, military requirements and increased food production in Manchuria, were crucial to increased immigration. Imperial agencies and village communities pressured farmers to immigrate to Manchuria. This induced bad behavior among immigrants in Manchuria and the return of some farmers to Japan, and it led to greater friction with local residents such as Chinese.In addition to wartime shortages in material and food, Manchuria lacked an adequate system for settlement of immigrants. Immigrants were forced to lead hard lives under appalling conditions. The original aim of immigration was to increase food production, but anticipated results were not achieved. Instead, immigrants were dissatisfied since they had to toil to farm and live, and they became violent toward other ethnic groups. This violence was in addition to Japanese expropriating land when they settled, and local ethnic groups increasingly pushed back. In some instances, Chinese assaulted Japanese immigrants. Living in Manchuria meant enduring a cycle of unabashed violence and retaliation. Japanese immigrants oppressed other ethnic groups in Manchuria, but they were also in a precarious position themselves even though immigration to Manchuria was supposedly backed by Japanese Imperial authority. This may be why food shortages were acutely evident in the Empire of Japan at the time.

著者

Mariko Kawana Akime Miyasato Miyui Funato Keigo Nagatani Norifumi Suzuki Chiharu Onoda Hidenori Fujimoto Rintaro Ohno Ayuko Kusakabe Mio Kiribayashi Kazuyo Nakamura Masayoshi Kondo Ayumi Ozeki Kousuke Okamoto Hideya Kokubun

出版者

The Pharmaceutical Society of Japan

雑誌

Biological and Pharmaceutical Bulletin (ISSN:09186158)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.46, no.10, pp.1444-1450, 2023-10-01 (Released:2023-10-01)

参考文献数

13

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In Japan, a low-dose transdermal fentanyl (TDF; 0.5 mg) has been approved to address pain in opioid-naïve patients with cancer; however, efficacy and safety data are lacking. To determine the efficacy and safety of TDF, patients with opioid-naïve cancer pain prescribed TDF (0.5 mg/d) and oral oxycodone sustained-release formulation (OXY) 10 mg/d were extracted from electronic medical and nursing records. Overall, 40 and 101 subjects were analyzed in the TDF and OXY groups, respectively. Compared with baseline (median [minimum, maximum]) values, changes in the Numerical Rating Scale (NRS) score on days 1, 3, and 7 post-administration were as follows: TDF (0 [−5, 4]) and OXY (−1.0 [−8, 3]); TDF (−1.5 [−6, 3]) and OXY (−2.0 [−8, 4]); and TDF (−2.0[−6, 3]) and OXY (−3.0[−8, 5]), respectively. No significant difference was observed between the groups on days 1 and 3; however, the change in the NRS on day 7 was significantly higher in the OXY group than that in the TDF group. Regarding adverse events, nausea occurred in 12.5 and 13.9% of patients in the TDF and OXY groups, respectively, while 12.5% of TDF- and 10.9% of OXY-treated patients experienced somnolence, revealing similar occurrence in both groups. However, constipation was more common in the OXY group (TDF: 50.0%, OXY: 71.3%). No serious adverse events (e.g., respiratory depression) were observed in either group. Low-dose TDF (0.5 mg), available only in Japan, showed comparable efficacy and safety to OXY (10 mg/d) and can be a first choice for opioid-naïve patients with cancer pain.

著者

松本 安弘 佐久間 治 新庄 一雄 谷口 弘光 杉本 仁志 酒井 勉

出版者

The Institute of Electrical Engineers of Japan

雑誌

電気学会論文誌B(電力・エネルギー部門誌) (ISSN:03854213)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.116, no.1, pp.122-123, 1995-12-20 (Released:2008-12-19)

参考文献数

1

被引用文献数

1

著者

若井 武夫 松本 安弘 佐久間 治 新庄 一雄 本山 英器

出版者

The Institute of Electrical Engineers of Japan

雑誌

電気学会論文誌B(電力・エネルギー部門誌) (ISSN:03854213)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.114, no.5, pp.545-546, 1994-05-20 (Released:2008-12-19)

参考文献数

2

著者

澤田 将史

出版者

一般社団法人 情報科学技術協会

雑誌

情報の科学と技術 (ISSN:09133801)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.73, no.10, pp.459-465, 2023-10-01 (Released:2023-10-01)

著者

前川 道博

出版者

一般社団法人 情報科学技術協会

雑誌

情報の科学と技術 (ISSN:09133801)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.73, no.10, pp.430-435, 2023-10-01 (Released:2023-10-01)

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社会のデジタル化が進行し,地域の行政文書の保全活用には根本的で包摂的な対応が求められている。しかし,公文書館法の制定,官民データ活用推進基本法の制定(オープンデータ促進),デジタル庁の開設,博物館法改正などが相次いだものの,行政文書等のデジタル化対応は大幅に遅れを取った状況にある。デジタル化の大きな恩恵の一つは,過去の膨大な資料がデジタル化されることにより,一般に広く開放されアクセスが極めて容易になることである。紙中心の媒体により知識を消費してきたこれまでの社会から,これまで以上に過去の文書の利活用ができる知識循環型社会へのシフトが期待される。

著者

安形 麻理

出版者

一般社団法人 情報科学技術協会

雑誌

情報の科学と技術 (ISSN:09133801)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.73, no.10, pp.449-454, 2023-10-01 (Released:2023-10-01)

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マイクロフィルムは媒体変換や省スペースの資料収集手段として活用されてきた。低温低湿の適切な保存環境であれば500年以上の寿命が期待されることから,1970年代以降は,長期保存の主たる媒体とみなされてきた。しかし,TACベースのフィルムではビネガーシンドロームという劣化が生じることが知られるようになる。1990年代になるとデジタル化による長期保存への転換が議論されるようになった。本稿では,マイクロフィルムの特徴,所蔵や利用の現状,劣化と保存の状況,新聞のマイクロフィルム化の意義と利用,デジタル資源のバックアップとしてのデジタル時代における位置付けについて概説する。