1 0 0 0 護謨と椰子

著者
野村徳七著
出版者
野村徳七
巻号頁・発行日
1916
著者
童門 冬二
出版者
日経BP社
雑誌
日経ベンチャ- (ISSN:02896516)
巻号頁・発行日
no.261, pp.106-109, 2006-06

"幕府中興の祖"といわれた第八代将軍徳川吉宗の施政は、二面性を持っていた。ひとつは「幕威の回復と赤字財政の克服」であり、もうひとつはそのための「産業振興と国民の文化的向上を目的とする活発な輸入」だ。吉宗自身は別に矛盾を感じなかったが、実際にはこれがふたつの流れを生んだ。
著者
中道 貞子
出版者
一般社団法人 日本生物教育学会
雑誌
生物教育 (ISSN:0287119X)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.61, no.3, pp.150-159, 2020 (Released:2020-12-18)
参考文献数
6

2018年3月,次期高等学校学習指導要領が告示され,今回初めて,『生物基礎』の内容の取扱いの配慮事項として,主要な概念を理解させるための指導において重要となる用語(重要用語)の数が具体的に示された.その数は,2017年9月に出された日本学術会議基礎生物学委員会・総合生物学委員会合同生物科学分科会生物科学分野教育用語検討小委員会の報告「高等学校の生物教育における重要用語の選定について」の中に示された『生物基礎』の最重要用語と重要用語の合計数153の1.5倍程度である.なお,2019年7月に同小委員会から改訂版が出されたが,『生物基礎』の最重要用語・重要用語に該当すると思われる用語は157である.一方,現行学習指導要領のもとで,5社の教科書出版社から刊行されている『生物基礎』の教科書のいずれかに掲載されている生物用語は520語である.これに,小委員会報告に見られる11語を加えた531語を高校生物教員に示し,その中でどれを『生物基礎』の重要用語と考えるかを調べる目的で,2018年8月から2019年3月の間にアンケート調査を実施し,80名の高校生物教員から回答を得た.回答者によって選ばれた『生物基礎』の重要用語は,小委員会報告改訂版で選ばれた最重要用語・重要用語と概ね一致していた.ある用語を重要とした回答者の割合(その用語の被選択率)が76%以上だった用語は96語で,そのうち93語(97%)が小委員会報告の最重要用語・重要用語であったが,被選択率が低い用語には小委員会報告の最重要用語・重要用語が少なかった.また,被選択率の高い用語の多くは,次期学習指導要領の『生物基礎』の解説に見られる生物用語であった.次期学習指導要領解説で示された『生物基礎』の重要用語数の目安は200~250なので,小委員会報告や次期学習指導要領で取り上げられた生物用語だけでなく,教科書では,さらに生物用語が付け加えられる可能性がある.用語選択の際には,学習内容の概念の階層化を図り,学習内容を俯瞰した上で用語選択するのがよいと考え,本報告では,次期学習指導要領の大項目の一つについて,その例も示した.
出版者
軍港堂
巻号頁・発行日
1908
著者
大野 栄三
出版者
一般社団法人 日本教育学会
雑誌
教育学研究 (ISSN:03873161)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.70, no.3, pp.314-324, 2003-09-30 (Released:2007-12-27)

This paper is about school education for fostering scientific literacy. Scientific literacy is one of the most important abilities for average people in order to make their own, rational decisions about how they are going to run their lives. school education, especially compulsory education is the first and probably the last opportunity for many citizens in Japan to receive organized science education. The concept of scientific literacy is examined in action using cartoon and joke. Scientific literacy can be defined as the multi-faceted concept which is related to not merely the science disciplines, but also politics, economics, sociology, philosophy and so on. The school science curricula in Japan mainly consist of teaching the body of science knowledge. The other aspects of scientific literacy have been treated in the curricula as mere additional contents. Teaching the body of science knowledge in Japan is highly regulated with the national education standard and the authorized school textbooks. In every revision of the science education standard since the 1970s, the educational contents have been steadily reduced. As a result of such reduction, some fundamental science concepts have disappeared from the school textbooks, especially in the field of compulsory education. This serious situation means that teaching science at many average public schools can not assure many future citizens of their scientific literacy. The intellectual foundation of science education is strongly connected to our historical, philosophical and sociological view of the nature of science. The national science education standards are infused with just such elements implicitly and explicitly. In this paper, the deflected view of the nature of science described on the published guidebook for the national science education standard in Japan is considered by illustrating what happened to the drafts of the national science education standard for grades K-12 in the U. S. Teachers have the important role in enhancing scientific literacy at school. There are many optional subjects in the high school science curriculum in Japan. The high school curriculum tends to provide only fragmentary treatment of some fundamentally important educational contents. Such fragmentary science education in high school threatens scientific literacy of many future school teachers. Similar difficulties have already been pointed out in 1957 on the governmental report. Universities and colleges of teacher education and training must deal with this situation. The general education curriculum for teacher education and training is discussed in this paper.
著者
佐藤 由佳利 土谷 聡子
出版者
一般社団法人 日本心身医学会
雑誌
心身医学 (ISSN:03850307)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.50, no.4, pp.321-326, 2010-04-01 (Released:2017-08-01)
参考文献数
10
被引用文献数
3

高校生894名を対象に,摂食障害症状評価尺度スクリーニング版Symptom Rating Scale for Eating Disorders Screening test(SRSEDS)を用いて,摂食障害傾向についての調査を実施した.その結果,男女で差があることがわかり,「過食経験」,「食べることの心理的負担」は女子が高く,「やせていることへの周囲からの圧力」は男子のほうが高かった.従来,摂食障害は女性特有の疾病と考えられてきたが,摂食行動やボディイメージなどについて,男子は女子とは違った圧迫やストレスを感じていることが調査からわかり,今後,男女で異なった予防教育や治療が必要になってくると思われた.
著者
Tamai Shigenobu
出版者
京都大学農学部附属演習林
雑誌
京都大学農学部演習林報告 = BULLETIN OF THE KYOTO UNIVERSITY FORESTS (ISSN:0368511X)
巻号頁・発行日
no.52, pp.22-31, 1980-12-25

樹木の生長に及ぼす密度効果について立木密度の異なった4プロットで調べた。高密度区の樹木の直径生長率と樹高生長率は低密度区のそれより早くにぶった。D_o_2Hと樹木の各部分の重さとの相対生長関係は, プロット間で差がみられなかった。C-D効果は樹高生長より直径生長にはっきりあらわれた。高密度区の樹高の順位変動は低密度区に比べ著しかった。
著者
松井 真人
出版者
山形県立米沢女子短期大学
雑誌
山形県立米沢女子短期大学紀要 = Bulletin of Yonezawa Women's Junior College
巻号頁・発行日
vol.45, pp.65-73, 2009-12-25

Abstract This paper investigates the semantic extension of the words related with "right" and "left" in English and Japanese. It also examines the physical and cultural bases of the extension. In both languages, while the words related with "right" have the meanings "normal" and "superior," those related with "left" have the meanings "abnormal" and "inferior." I argue that those non-spatial meanings were derived on the basis of the functional superiority of the human right hand over the left and the dualistic view of the world that divides realities into sacred and secular things. In some Japanese expressions this semantic contrast of "right" and "left" is reversed. I argue that this reversal stems from the superiority of "left" found at certain periods in Chinese and Japanese history. キーワード : 右、左、意味拡張、身体性、文化
著者
池田 亜紗 磯崎 三喜年
出版者
日本パーソナリティ心理学会
雑誌
パーソナリティ研究 (ISSN:13488406)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.30, no.1, pp.23-32, 2021
被引用文献数
2

<p>本研究では,大学生を対象に,対人関係プロフィールテストの日本語版を作成し,過度に依存に偏る過剰依存,過度に自立にこだわる分離,自立と依存のバランスがとれたヘルシー・ディペンデンシー(healthy dependency,以下HDとする)の3つの下位尺度と,援助要請行動および援助要請スタイルとの関連を検討した。HDは援助要請行動と正の,分離は援助要請行動と負の関連を示した。過剰依存は援助要請過剰型と正の関連,分離は援助要請過剰型と負の,援助要請回避型および援助要請自立型と正の関連,HDは援助要請過剰型および援助要請自立型と正の,援助要請回避型と負の関連を示した。また,HDは援助要請行動を媒介して適応感を高めるという仮説モデルの検討も行ったが,媒介効果は示されず,HDから適応感への直接効果のみ示された。HD独自の効果が適応感を予測することが示唆された。</p>
著者
小林 達雄 小田 静夫 羽鳥 謙三 鈴木 正男
出版者
Japan Association for Quaternary Research
雑誌
第四紀研究 (ISSN:04182642)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.10, no.4, pp.231-252, 1971-12-25 (Released:2009-08-21)
参考文献数
34
被引用文献数
1 3

A. The Nogawa Site and its Stone Culture (KOBAYASHI and ODA)1. The Nogawa site is located in Kamiishihara, Chofu City, Tokyo. It sits on a low bluff on the Tachikawa Terrace facing across a stream toward the higher Musashino Terrace marked by the Kokubunji Cliff Line (fig. 1).2. The site was first excavated in 1964, and exploratory excavations were carried on for the next several years (Kidder et al.: 1970). Then a project to widen the stream threatened to destroy the site, and in response the Nogawa Site Excavation Group was formed to excavate the endangered part of the site. Excavations were carried out from June to the end of August 1970 (Nogawa Iseki Chosa Kai: 1970, 1971a, 1971b, 1971c).3. Geologically the site has thirteen strata (fig. 3). The base stratum XIII is gravel. Over this are nine layers of loam, strata IV to XII, the so-called Tachikawa loam. Four of these strata, strata IVb, V, VII and IX, are black bands of fossil soils. Stratum III is the soft loam, stratum II is a brown humus, and stratum I is a black humus.4. Culturally there are eleven layers, ten Preceramic Period layers (numbered III, IV1, IV2, IV3a, IV3b, IV4, V, VI, VII and VIII to correspond to the geological strata in which they were found) and one mixed Jomon Period layer in stratum II. More than 10, 000 artifacts were recovered from the Preceramic Period layers. Over 2, 000 are tools or flakes. Another more than 7, 000 artifacts are fire-reddened gravel usually found in heaps. The clarity of stratification, the number of layers, and the quantity of artifacts make Nogawa the best stratified, Preceramic Period site in Japan.5. The Nogawa data, when correlated with data from other sites in Kanto (fig. 7-10) (in particular, the Heidaizaka Site and ICU Location 15 in Koganei City and the Tsukimino Site Group on the Sagami Terrace in Kanagawa Prefecture), allows definition of four broadly defined phases for the Preceramic Period. The earliest phase, Nogawa layers VIII to V (Heidaizaka layers X to V), has mostly flake tools plus some heavy-duty tools made from pebbles. Phase II, Nogawa layers IV4 to IV1, is characterized by backed blades. Temporally related changes in the form of these backed blade tools are apparent. The early assemblages of the phase are marked by lightly worked blades of knife-like form. Later assemblages see changes to smaller tools of more geometric form and the appearance of small, bifacially worked points. (Phase III of the South Kanto Preceramic Period is distinguished by the presence of microblades and the cores from which they were obtained. However, this phase is not represented at the Nogawa site). The latest Preceramic Period phase, phase IV, Nogawa layer III, consists mainly in large, biface points and pebble tools.6. The heaps of fire-reddened gravel are found mostly in Nogawa layers IV1 to IV4, i. e. Preceramic Period phase II. X-ray diffraction analysis done by M. Suzuki of Tokyo University shows the stones to have been heated to more than 600°C. The meaning of these heaps is unclear. It is not known whether they were used as found-single layers of gravel spread in near circular patterns one to two meters in diameter-or whether they were simply disposed of at a location in the site some distance from where they were used. However, many of the stones do have a kind of tar-like substance on them, and one is probably justified in thinking the stones were used directly in some manner for cooking. Also, pounding stones, grinding stones and anvil-like stones are frequently found in close proximity to the heaps.