著者
Midori YOSHIZAWA Masaru TAKADA Satoshi NAKAMOTO Takashi MURAMATSU Akira OKAMOTO
出版者
日本繁殖生物学会
雑誌
Journal of Reproduction and Development (ISSN:09168818)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.39, no.2, pp.115-122, 1993 (Released:2008-05-15)
参考文献数
33
被引用文献数
10 14

Superovulated eggs in (BALB/c×C57BL/6) F1 and ICR (outbred in a closed colony) female mice were fertilized in vitro with spermatozoa obtained from caudal epididymides of ICR males. Air-dried chromosome preparations were made from colcemid-primed 1-cell eggs and stained by the C-banding method. The fertilization rate was lower in F1 eggs than in ICR eggs (88 vs. 92%, P<0.02). The incidence of metaphase ("syngamy") eggs was higher in F1 eggs, and the incidence of pronuclear and late prometaphase ("pre-syngamy") eggs was higher in ICR eggs (P<0.001, P<0.005), showing delayed progress of the first cleavage in the ICR eggs. Developmental rates from 2-cell to 4-cell stage and from morula to blastocyst stage were significantly lower in ICR eggs (P<0.001) than in F1 eggs. These results show that a delay of embryo development had already appeared before male and female genomes fused (pre-syngamy). The incidence of triploidy, which might be caused by dispermy, was higher in F1 eggs, in both the pronuclear and mitotic stages (P<0.001). A little aneuploidy and structural aberration of chromosomes occurred in both F1 and ICR eggs, and no significant difference was observed between F1 and ICR eggs. The sex ratio at the first cleavage stage in both F1 and ICR eggs showed no significant deviation from equality.
著者
岡本 和也 内山 俊郎 竹村 匡正 足立 貴行 粂 直人 黒田 知宏 内山 匡 吉原 博幸
出版者
公益社団法人 日本生体医工学会
雑誌
生体医工学 (ISSN:1347443X)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.49, no.1, pp.40-47, 2011-02-10 (Released:2011-12-13)
参考文献数
30

A DPC code expresses a primary disease, a complication, and procedures, etc. In 2010, 1334 hospitals use DPC codes for calculations of medical fees. Since, in the hospitals, the medical fee of each case is calculated based on one DPC code, each case must be classified into one DPC code. However, the classification is difficult in some cases because patients sometimes have various conditions. Therefore, automatic DPC code selections using machine learning are being studied. Suzuki et al. evaluated automatic DPC code selections from discharge summaries using a vector space method. However, there are general machine learning methods except for the vector space method. Hence, we must evaluate other machine learning methods exhaustively for improvement of accuracy of automatic DPC code selections. Therefore, we evaluated automatic DPC code selections from discharge summaries using naïve Bayes method, SVM, concept base method, and another vector space method which is different from the vector space model used by Suzuki et al. We considered these machine learning methods as general ones. We also focus on characteristics of each machine learning methods on automatic DPC code selections and we utilize a method which combines some machine learning methods. First, the combining method estimates confidences of the machine learning methods bases on classification scores that the machine learning methods regard as classification evidence. Next, the combining method adopts the method whose confidence is highest. We compared accuracy of the methods using discharge summaries created in 2008 fiscal year in Kyoto University Hospital. As a result, SVM classified 72.2% of the cases into correct DPC codes though the vector space model utilized by Suzuki et al. classified 64.8% into correct DPC codes. Moreover the combining method classified 76.1% into correct DPC codes. In conclusion, we achieved significant improvement.
著者
藤田 直希 鍋谷 伸子 梅村 紀匡 菊池 千草 鈴木 匡
出版者
公益社団法人 日本薬学会
雑誌
YAKUGAKU ZASSHI (ISSN:00316903)
巻号頁・発行日
pp.15-00277, (Released:2016-06-28)
参考文献数
7
被引用文献数
3

In this study, we took continuous measurements of hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) levels and conducted lifestyle checks in three cases to determine if these parameters were effective in improving overall wellness. We selected three young men with relatively high HbA1c levels. During the 12-weeks study periods, we regularly measured each participant's HbA1c levels and monitored their lifestyle habits every two weeks at the community pharmacy once every 2 weeks using specific guidelines. The first participant, a 23-year-old man, had a HbA1c level of 5.7% at his first measurement. His HbA1c level decreased to 5.2% at the last measurement. The second participant, a 19-year-old man, had an initial HbA1c level of 5.7% and a final HbA1c level of 5.4%. The third participant was a 22-year-old man with an initial HbA1c level of 5.4%. His HbA1c level had decreased to 5.1% by the last measurement. The lifestyles of all three men improved with respect to exercise and diet. Based on these results, we surmise that continuous measurements of HbA1c and regular lifestyle checks may contribute to reducing the risk of lifestyle-related disease.
著者
岡本 耕太 清水 裕史 津田 英隆 仲 美津子 伏見 祥子 堀口 泰
出版者
一般社団法人 情報科学技術協会
雑誌
情報の科学と技術 (ISSN:09133801)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.66, no.7, pp.345-351, 2016-07-01 (Released:2016-07-01)

近年,企業活動における情報分析の重要性が大きくなっている。本稿は,筆者らは空気清浄機を開発,製造,販売する電機メーカA社の経営企画担当者であると仮定して,公開情報(製品,特許,論文など)を分析して新事業創出のための提案を作成する手法の検討を行った。手法の検討にあたっては,以下(1)~(3)の観点からのアプローチを行った。(1)A社空気清浄機技術の強み,(2)空気清浄機技術と既存技術の組み合わせ,(3)社会ニーズに対応する次世代技術
著者
重田 暁彦
出版者
一般社団法人 情報科学技術協会
雑誌
情報の科学と技術 (ISSN:09133801)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.66, no.7, pp.312-317, 2016-07-01 (Released:2016-07-01)

知的財産の中でも技術関係の情報が中心となる特許関係の特許庁の審査・審判,更には訴訟に見る最近の動きを把握し,特許調査や発明を捉える際の影響などで考慮すべきことを述べる。特許庁の判断と裁判所の判例には微妙な違いが見られる。特許庁の審査は,ある程度の技術内容の開示があれば,比較的広い範囲での請求項が認められる。しかし,権利解釈などの裁判になると具体的な実施態様に限定される傾向が見られる。特許調査や発明を捉える際の影響を考えると,技術的内容を何処まで細かく,必要十分な範囲または観点で取り組むべきかが重要になる。調査であれば技術用語による全文検索を,発明開示であれば出来得る限りの下位概念をしっかりと実施態様に述べることが求められる。
著者
田宮 憲一
出版者
公益社団法人 日本薬学会
雑誌
ファルマシア (ISSN:00148601)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.52, no.7, pp.635-637, 2016 (Released:2016-07-01)
参考文献数
6

医薬分業に対する批判を踏まえ、厚生労働省が「患者のための薬局ビジョン」の中でかかりつけ薬剤師の機能を明確化するなど、様々な検討の場で、患者に寄り添い、薬物療法の結果に責任を持つ薬剤師への期待が示されている。これらを踏まえ、今後の6年制薬学教育においては、特に実務実習と卒業研究を充実させるとともに、医療人としての心構え、更には研究マインドを持ち卒後も自己研鑽を続けていくことの重要性をしっかりと身に付けた薬剤師が輩出されるよう、期待したい。

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出版者
国立研究開発法人 科学技術振興機構
雑誌
情報管理 (ISSN:00217298)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.59, no.4, pp.274-275, 2016-07-01 (Released:2016-07-01)
著者
出口 弘直
出版者
公益社団法人 日本薬学会
雑誌
YAKUGAKU ZASSHI (ISSN:00316903)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.136, no.7, pp.973-979, 2016 (Released:2016-07-01)
参考文献数
5

A major difference in medical flow between acute and nonacute medical care is the urgency of diagnosis and treatment. In the acute medical setting, diagnosis and treatment sometimes must be done almost simultaneously. Learning clinical management in the acute-care setting can be the basis of drug therapy in other clinical settings. When infusion is performed in emergency medicine, stabilization of blood pH is achieved through kidney and lung functions. At the same time, the oxygen transport capacity is monitored using blood gas analysis. One medical intervention can lead to multiple diagnostic and treatment processes in the emergency medical field. Most pharmacists rarely have the opportunity to learn about the reasoning process in which different body functions are linked together such as heart, lung, and kidney functions when performing infusions in emergency medicine before starting to work in the clinical setting. Learning from emergency medicine can be applied to drug therapy in other clinical settings as it teaches how to link different body functions and understand the relationships between those functions and the results of medical tests. These are considered to be necessary reasoning skills to understand patients' conditions in various clinical situations, including management in intensive care and the treatment of chronic disease. Knowledge of emergency medicine can be the foundation of drug therapy in other clinical settings, for example, the meanings of vital signs.
著者
福島 紀子
出版者
公益社団法人 日本薬学会
雑誌
YAKUGAKU ZASSHI (ISSN:00316903)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.136, no.7, pp.993-999, 2016 (Released:2016-07-01)
参考文献数
35
被引用文献数
1

Among private Universities of Pharmacy in Japan, Kyoritsu University of Pharmacy was the first to introduce courses in social pharmacy in 1991. Social pharmacy is a discipline driven by social needs. By studying the relationship between pharmacy and society, particularly through case studies, the impact of drugs and changes in societal expectation of them, as well as through historical background studies and surveys of current trends, this discipline acts to determine the roles of pharmacists and pharmacies expected by society. Social pharmacy requires a basic knowledge of pharmaceutical science, but an understanding from economic viewpoints of the current systems and structures in which healthcare functions is important as well. Once these are understood, the goal is to identify social problems, and to create and apply models for their resolution which connect pharmacy and society. So far, social pharmacy has played an important role in training programs for community-based pharmacists essential for a hyper-aged society, for community pharmacies' health management programs aimed at promoting the health of residents, and educational programs for elementary and middle school children.
著者
田靡 裕祐 宮田 尚子
出版者
日本社会学会
雑誌
社会学評論 (ISSN:00215414)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.66, no.1, pp.57-72, 2015 (Released:2016-06-30)
参考文献数
23
被引用文献数
1

本稿ではNHK放送文化研究所の「日本人の意識」調査データの2次分析を行い, 日本社会における仕事の価値の布置と, その長期的な変化の趨勢について検討した. R. Inglehartの価値変動の理論に依拠すれば, 社会が豊かであるほど, また豊かな時代に育った世代であるほど, 仕事におけるイニシアチブや責任といった内的価値への志向が高まるという仮説が導かれ, その妥当性はいくつかの先行研究によって確かめられている. しかしながら, 長期不況や労働市場の流動化による社会・経済的格差の拡大を背景として, とくに若い世代においてそのような志向が保持され続けているのかについては, 新たな検証が必要である.1973年から2008年までの社会調査データを用いた2次分析の結果, 高度経済成長の恩恵を受けた新しい世代ほど, 外的価値よりも内的価値を志向する傾向があることが確かめられた. しかしその一方で, 90年代のバブル経済崩壊の後, 若い世代において内的価値への志向が抑制され, 外的価値への志向が高まっていることも同時に明らかとなった. このような知見は, 雇用制度や労働環境の変化に伴って, 仕事の価値の揺らぎ――外的価値への「回帰」や「多様化」が生じ始めている可能性を示唆するものである.
著者
小林 大祐
出版者
日本社会学会
雑誌
社会学評論 (ISSN:00215414)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.66, no.1, pp.19-38, 2015 (Released:2016-06-30)
参考文献数
30
被引用文献数
1

階層帰属意識の分布は, 自記式に比べ他記式の調査でより高くなることが報告されているが, その要因については, これまで厳密に検証されてきたわけではなかった. この理由としては, モード間の傾向差のなかに混在するさまざまな要因を弁別できるようなデータセットがなかったことが大きい. 本稿は, 個別面接法と郵送法という異なる調査モードで実施されているが, 同じ階層帰属意識項目をもち, 同一年に実施された2つの調査データを比較することで, 調査モードが階層帰属意識にどのような影響を与えているか検証するものである. 分析の結果, 回答者の属性をコントロールしても, 個別面接法において階層帰属意識を高く回答する傾向が見られ, 調査モードの違いが, 何らかの測定誤差を生み出していることが示唆された. 続いて, 確認された傾向差が, 調査員の存在に由来するものかどうか, そうであれば階層帰属意識を答える際に働くバイアスとはどのようなものなのかを検討した. その結果, 男性サンプルでは中位に, 女性サンプルではより高く偏る傾向が観察された. これらの結果は, どのような階層的位置が「社会的に望ましい」, もしくは調査員に対して抵抗なく回答できるのかという, 価値規範の側面が, 所属階層を測定する際に無視できないことを示すものである.
著者
白松 俊 トッサヴァイネン テーム 大囿 忠親 新谷 虎松
出版者
一般社団法人 人工知能学会
雑誌
人工知能学会論文誌 (ISSN:13460714)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.31, no.1, pp.LOD-C_1-11, 2016-01-06 (Released:2016-01-08)
参考文献数
25

To address social issues about the sustainability of local societies, inter-organizational collaboration in public sphere is important. Although conventional social networking services (SNSs) have recently been used for public collaboration, the SNSs are not suitable to look for potential collaborators because the conventional SNSs emphasize recency of information and lack a function for sharing information about ``who are trying to address what kind of social issues''. We designed a data model for structuring public issues and goals and built a linked open dataset (LOD) based on the above data model. Moreover, we developed a method for calculating similarities of public goals and implemented a Web service for matching public goals for finding potential collaborators. Our method for similarity calculation incorporates surficial features, semantic features, and contextual features. We conducted an experiment to investigate an optimal balance of parameters of the contextual features, which is suitable for facilitating public collaboration. Furthermore, we held a participatory event for trial use by citizens and observed positive feedbacks from the participants.
著者
Ken Okumura Kazuo Matsumoto Yoshinori Kobayashi Akihiko Nogami Robert B Hokanson Fred Kueffer for the CRYO-Japan PMS Study Investigators
出版者
日本循環器学会
雑誌
Circulation Journal (ISSN:13469843)
巻号頁・発行日
pp.CJ-16-0285, (Released:2016-06-30)
参考文献数
17
被引用文献数
2 31

Background:Outcomes of cryoballoon ablation for paroxysmal atrial fibrillation (PAF) have been reported in the Western countries but not in Japan. The CRYO-Japan PMS study was a single-arm, observational, multicenter, prospective study of the 2nd-generation cryoballoon Arctic Front AdvanceTM. We evaluated device- and procedure-related complications and clinical outcomes at 6 months.Methods and Results:The 616 patients (male, 72%; mean age, 63±11 years) were enrolled from 33 Japanese hospitals. Of all patients, 610 had PAF, and procedural data were analyzed in 607. A subset of 328 patients was followed for 6 months for the primary efficacy analysis. AF recurrence outside the 3-month blanking period or repeat ablation was considered treatment failure. Pulmonary vein isolation was achieved in 606/607 patients (99.8%); 1 patient (0.3%) had a repeat ablation during the blanking period. Freedom from AF at 6 months was 88.4% (95% CI: 84.1–91.6%). Device- and/or procedure-related adverse events included phrenic nerve injury unresolved at hospital discharge in 9/616 patients (1.5%), which resolved within 6 months in 7, pericardial effusion in 5/616 (0.8%), and tamponade in 4/616 (0.6%). One non-device-related death from pneumonia was reported 6 days post-procedure.Conclusions:Cryoballoon ablation is safe and effective for Japanese PAF patients, with 88.4% AF freedom at 6 months post-ablation.
著者
内田 勝也
出版者
一般社団法人 経営情報学会
雑誌
経営情報学会 全国研究発表大会要旨集 2015年春季全国研究発表大会
巻号頁・発行日
pp.197-200, 2015 (Released:2015-07-31)

自治体が持つ住民の基本4情報の「氏名」、「住所」、「性別」、「生年月日」の一部の漏えいは、多くの自治体にとって、深刻な問題との認識は必ずしも大きな問題ではなかった。しかしながら、今回発生したストーカー殺人事件では、被害者の夫になりすました調査会社の経営者の電話での依頼を自治体職員が回答したため、被害者の住所がストーカーに渡り、殺人事件に発展した。個人情報の一部が漏れ、それが殺人に発展した事例は世界的にも稀有な事例と思われ、事件の分析とその対策を考えてみた。
著者
宮田 瞳 市川 啓子
出版者
日本法科学技術学会
雑誌
日本法科学技術学会誌 (ISSN:18801323)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.12, no.1, pp.61-72, 2007 (Released:2007-06-27)
参考文献数
18

In an examination of sexual crime cases, the possibility that constituent fibers of the top sheet of a sanitary napkin or a panty liner, which the victim may have been using, might stick to the suspect's hands and fingers were examined.   Nineteen brands of sanitary products (15 sanitary napkin brands and 4 panty liner brands) were classified, by their material of the top sheet, in 12 brands of non-woven fabrics and 7 brands of porous films. The 12 brands of non-woven fabrics products were classified by their bonding process in 2 types, i.e. thermal bonding (through-air oven bonding) and mechanical bonding. Meanwhile out of 19 brands of products, 9 products have non-woven fabrics on both sides of the top sheet to prevent leakage and all of their bonding processes are thermal bonding (point-bond hot calendaring).   Next, materials stuck to two subjects' fingers were collected on a transparent adhesive tape and examined whether constituent fibers came off and stuck to their fingers when two subjects rubbed the surface of a sample with their fingers. It was found that constituent fibers of non-woven fabrics stuck to the transparent adhesive tape.   As a result, it was found that constituent fibers of non-fabrics came off by rubbing and stuck to fingers and hands, though those of porous films did not stick to them. Consequently, it is suggested that examination of constituent fibers of sanitary products is noteworthy for sexual crime cases.
著者
長井 政太郎
出版者
The Association of Japanese Geographers
雑誌
地理学評論 (ISSN:00167444)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.15, no.11, pp.822-852, 1939-11-01 (Released:2008-12-24)
参考文献数
8

The Yamagata Kyôdo Kenkyû-kai (Society for Geographical Reserach of Yamagata Prefecture) has collected about 40, 000 place names in its prefecture, each of which beside the Chinese letters, are printed in the Japanese syllabary to give their correct pronoun-ciations. It is explained that the number of places having names relating to rice field forms 10 percent of the total, followed by names relating to plants, fields, beasts, and geographical features after which come those of castle, buddhist temple and various graves. The use in names of the old distributions of pasture, deccangrass (Hi-e in Japanese, ) formerly the chief crop in this region, Sanka (a kind of vagapond in the past) and many other points that are very interesting from the historical point of view, are also explained by this study.
著者
杉山 貴昭 船越 孝太郎 中野 幹生 駒谷 和範
出版者
一般社団法人 人工知能学会
雑誌
人工知能学会論文誌 (ISSN:13460714)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.31, no.3, pp.C-FB2_1-9, 2016-05-01 (Released:2016-05-25)
参考文献数
18
被引用文献数
1

When a robot interacts with users in public spaces, it receives various sounds such as surrounding noises and users' voices. And furthermore, the robot needs to interact with multiple people at the same time. If the robot incorrectly determines whether it should respond to these sounds, it will erroneously respond to surrounding noises or ignore user utterances directed to the robot. In this paper, we present a machine learning-based method to estimate a response obligation, i.e., whether the robot should respond to an input sound. We address a problem setting that is more similar to interactions in public spaces than those assumed in previous studies. While previous studies assume only utterances directed to one of interlocutors as input sounds, we deal with not only those utterances but also noises and monologues. To deal with various sounds, our method uses the results of input sound classification and user behaviors both in an input sound interval and after the interval. In particular, the user behaviors after the interval are introduced as a key factor for improving the estimation accuracy of response obligation, such as a tendency that a user stands and keeps still after he/she talks to the robot. We demonstrate the new features significantly improved the estimation performance. We also investigate performances with various combinations of features and reveal that the results of input sound classification and the user behaviors after the interval are helpful for the estimation.