1 0 0 0 OA アングロ・ノルマン教会法学の形成と展開
1 0 0 0 OA タイにおける汚職の創造 -法規定と政治家批判-
- 著者
- 外山 文子
- 出版者
- 京都大学東南アジア研究所
- 雑誌
- 東南アジア研究 (ISSN:05638682)
- 巻号頁・発行日
- vol.51, no.1, pp.109-138, 2013-07-31
Thailand made great progress toward institutional democratization through the amendment of the 1991 Constitution, which stipulated that only elected MPs were eligible for the position of prime minister in 1992. This amendment was followed by the 1997 Constitution. However, Thailand experienced a coup in 2006, and the coup group drafted the 2007 Constitution. Since the coup, the judiciary has been pivotal in changing governments. Democratically elected governments have been toppled by the judiciary. Furthermore, people in large cities such as Bangkok, who protested against the military's extended rule in 1992, approved of the 2006 coup and the unusual methods employed in changing governments, an abnormal phenomenon in a parliamentary democracy. The common objective that links the coup, the two constitutional amendments (1997 and 2007), and the decisions of the judiciary is resolving corruption among the country's politicians. Even though several coups have occurred and constitutional amendments have been made for this purpose, the problem of corruption appears to be continually exacerbating. To understand this issue, it is important to recognize what kinds of behavior in politicians have been codified as corruption. Therefore, this paper examines the legal definitions of corruption. A close scrutiny of Thailand's constitutions and laws reveals that the legal definition of corruption has widened owing to the former's consecutive amendments since the 1990s, from apparent corruption (such as bribes or kickbacks) to vague or gray corruption (such as conflicts of interest and false statements of property and debt). Although in other countries these new legal definitions of corruption are used to control the spread of corruption among politicians by pre-empting potential corruption, in Thailand such forms of corruption are stipulated as grave crimes that could end an individual's political career--and they have broader definitions, including forms of corruption that are not serious. This suggests that constitutional amend- ments have resulted in increased corruption among politicians. This has caused people to distrust politicians and a democratic form of government, leading to the possible destruction of democracy either by coup or by the judiciary. In fact, constitutional amendments may themselves have been excuses for dismantling democracy.
自家移植を目的とする耳介軟骨の再生実験として、自家膝関節(犬)より採取した軟骨細胞を単離し、耳介形状を有する生分解性ポリマーに播種した。実験群として、4群(軟骨細胞のみを播種した群、骨膜組織のみを縫合した群、軟骨細胞を播種した後、骨膜を付加した群、基材のみの群)を作成し、自家移植およびヌードマウス皮下へ移植した。その結果、ヌードマウス移植後11週目において、耳介形状を有する複合体の外観形態を観察したところ、耳介形態は、全ての群において保持されていた。また、組織学的検討を加えた結果、軟骨細胞群および軟骨細胞滑膜群において、分化した小円形の軟骨細胞とSafranin Oに強く染色された細胞外基質が認めれた。一方、骨膜群では、基材の骨膜側に沿って骨組熾の形成が認めれた。また、基材のみの群では、わずかなマクロファージ様細胞の浸潤は認めたが、軟骨、骨絹織などの新生組織の形成は認められなかった。Laser capture assisted PCR法の結果より、コラーゲンII型の遺伝子発現は軟骨細胞群および軟骨細胞/骨膜群のみに認めれ、特に、軟骨細胞/骨膜群では発現がdown regulationされる傾向を認めた。今後、自家移植モデルにおける長期的観察の結果を検討している。
1 0 0 0 OA 図書館ふくい : 福井県立図書館だより
1 0 0 0 OA 伯林に於けるオリムピック交通対策
- 出版者
- 東京市電気局庶務課調査掛
- 巻号頁・発行日
- 1937
1 0 0 0 OA 第19回ツール・ド・北海道国際大会
- 著者
- デジタルコンテンツ協会
- 出版者
- 経済産業省
- 巻号頁・発行日
- 2002-07
1 0 0 0 OA 転写の動的挙動の次世代への継承の解析
1 0 0 0 戦時貿易事情講座
- 出版者
- 東京商工会議所貿易課
- 巻号頁・発行日
- 1942
- 著者
- 佐々木 功 藤田 卓也 村上 正裕 山本 昌 中村 英次 今崎 一 村西 昌三
- 出版者
- 公益社団法人日本薬学会
- 雑誌
- Biological and Pharmaceutical Bulletin (ISSN:09186158)
- 巻号頁・発行日
- vol.17, no.9, pp.1256-1261, 1994-09-15
- 被引用文献数
- 13 18
Absorption of azetirelin, a new thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH) analogue, from the gastrointestinal (GI) tract was evaluated. The bioavailability of this compound after oral administration was considerably poor in rats. Studies were undertaken to elucidate the mechanisms for this low oral bioavailability of azetirelin. The plasma azetirelin levels following intravenous and hepatoportal vein injection were virtually identical over the dose range of 0.02-0.1 mg/kg, indicating a minor contribution of the hepatic first-pass metabolism of this drug. Azetirelin was stable against peptide hydrolases both in luminal fluid and intestinal mucosal homogenates, whereas its degradation occurred when incubated with cecal contents under an anaerobic condition. In addition, complete degradation of azetirelin during the GI transit was disclosed by analyzing the fecal sample collected after oral administration of [^<14>C] azetirelin. These results suggested that gut bacteria may be responsible for the hydrolysis of azetirelin in the GI tract. The low intestinal permeability of azetirelin was revealed by a modified everted gut experiment in various segments of the rat intestine. The poor membrane transport characteristics of azetirelin may be due to its high hydrophilicity. From these results, it was suggested that the insufficient oral bioavailability of azetirelin may be mainly attributed to its low intestinal permeability due to a lack of lipophilicity, and also to the degradation of the peptide by intestinal microflora.
- 著者
- 松宮 孝明
- 出版者
- 日本評論社
- 雑誌
- 法学セミナー (ISSN:04393295)
- 巻号頁・発行日
- vol.55, no.3, 2010-03
1 0 0 0 OA 小胞体内ミスフォールドタンパク質の細胞外への輸送機構の解明
我々は、ミスフォールドしたMHCクラスI分子を細胞外へ輸送する分子としてMHCクラスII分子をクローニングした。そこで、他の蛋白質を解析したところ、卵白リゾチームや抗体の重鎖、さらに、リポ蛋白質の一つであるβ2GP1がMHCクラスII分子に結合することで、細胞外へ輸送され、関節リウマチや抗リン脂質抗体症候群で産生される自己抗体の特異的な標的抗原になっていることが判明した。一方、ミスフォールド蛋白質輸送分子を明らかにするために、細胞表面のミスフォールド蛋白質に会合している分子の検索を行った。その結果、質量分析によって、いくつかの候補分子が同定された。
- 著者
- 谷津 三雄 石橋 肇 吉田 直人 武田 和久
- 出版者
- 日本歯科医史学会
- 雑誌
- 日本歯科医史学会会誌 (ISSN:02872919)
- 巻号頁・発行日
- vol.11, no.1, 1984-09-10
1 0 0 0 OA 麦酒は液体のパン
- 出版者
- 国際飲食料研究会出版部
- 巻号頁・発行日
- 1937