5 0 0 0 OA 大戦外交読本

著者
外務省情報部 編
出版者
博文館
巻号頁・発行日
vol.第2巻 ソ・芬戰より白蘭進擊, 1940
著者
Takashi Kuragaichi Yuma Kurozumi Shogo Ohishi Yasuo Sugano Akihiro Sakashita Norihiko Kotooka Makoto Suzuki Taiki Higo Dai Yumino Yasuko Takada Seiko Maeda Saori Yamabe Koichi Washida Tomonori Takahashi Tomohito Ohtani Yasushi Sakata Yukihito Sato
出版者
The Japanese Circulation Society
雑誌
Circulation Journal (ISSN:13469843)
巻号頁・発行日
pp.CJ-17-1305, (Released:2018-03-10)
参考文献数
45
被引用文献数
26

Background:Palliative care for heart failure (HF) patients is recommended in Western guidelines, so this study aimed to clarify the current status of palliative care for HF patients in Japan.Methods and Results:A survey was sent to all Japanese Circulation Society-authorized cardiology training hospitals (n=1,004) in August 2016. A total of 544 institutions (54%) returned the questionnaire. Of them, 527 (98%) answered that palliative care is necessary for patients with HF. A total of 227 (42%) institutions held a palliative care conference for patients with HF, and 79% of the institutions had <10 cases per year. Drug therapy as palliative care was administered at 403 (76%) institutions; morphine (87%) was most frequently used. Among sedatives, dexmedetomidine (33%) was administered more often than midazolam (29%) or propofol (20%). Regarding the timing of end-of-life care, most institutions (84%) reported having considered palliative care when a patient reached the terminal stage of HF. Most frequently, the reason for the decision at the terminal stage was “difficulty in discontinuing cardiotonics.” A major impediment to the delivery of palliative care was “difficulty predicting an accurate prognosis.”Conclusions:This large-scale survey showed the characteristics of palliative care for HF in Japan. The present findings may aid in the development of effective end-of-life care systems.
著者
屋名池 誠
出版者
慶應義塾大学藝文学会
雑誌
藝文研究 (ISSN:04351630)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.101, no.1, pp.22-62, 2011-12 (Released:2011-00-00)

川村晃生教授退任記念論文集 一 問題二 資料と方法三 二種類の濁音四 「語彙的濁音」と仮名表記五 「連濁音」と仮名表記六 形態音韻表記七 清濁非書き分け表記の歴史的位置
著者
Jeong-il Kang Dae-Keun Jeong Hyun Choi
出版者
The Society of Physical Therapy Science
雑誌
Journal of Physical Therapy Science (ISSN:09155287)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.30, no.1, pp.37-41, 2018 (Released:2018-01-27)
参考文献数
28
被引用文献数
7

[Purpose] The purpose of the present study was to apply early intervention via microcurrent and cryotherapy in patients who underwent rotator cuff reconstruction surgery, and to investigate the effects of such interventions on pain and inflammation levels based on the analysis of C-reactive protein (CRP) levels, and on changes in muscle tone. [Subjects and Methods] The study population consisted of 30 patients who had undergone rotator cuff reconstruction surgery, with 10 patients each assigned to the control, experimental I (E-1), and experimental II (E-II) groups. On the day after surgery, muscle tone, blood CRP level, and pain were measured. For the following two weeks, continues passive motion (CPM), icing, cryotherapy, and microcurrent were applied to the each group. After the respective interventions, CRP levels, pain, and muscle tone near the shoulder area were measured again. [Results] In the post-hoc test of between-group comparison, a statistically significant difference in CRP level was found in the cryotherapy group. A difference in shoulder muscle tone appeared only in the supraspinatus muscle, with post-hoc test results showing that the biggest change occurred in the cryotherapy group. [Conclusion] Cryotherapy may be able to help stabilize inflammation as well as reduce pain and muscle tension when applied in patients following rotator cuff reconstruction.
著者
中面 哲也
出版者
日本臨床免疫学会
雑誌
日本臨床免疫学会会誌 (ISSN:09114300)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.39, no.3, pp.164-171, 2016 (Released:2016-06-17)
参考文献数
30
被引用文献数
1

抗CTLA-4抗体,抗PD-1抗体,抗PD-L1抗体などのいわゆる免疫チェックポイント阻害抗体の登場により,その劇的かつ長く効く抗腫瘍効果は世界を驚かせ,さらには,CD19を標的としたCAR-T細胞療法はCD19陽性造血器腫瘍に対して極めて高い奏効率を示し,今や,がんに対する免疫の存在,それらの治療法の有効性について疑う者はいなくなった.また,それに伴い,腫瘍特異的変異抗原(ネオアンチゲン)が注目されており,今や,患者個別のネオアンチゲンを同定してのそれらを標的とした個別化ペプチドワクチン療法の臨床試験も欧米では始まっている.一方で,日本で本格的に取り組んできた共通自己抗原を標的としたペプチドワクチン療法は未だ承認されたものがなく,開発に苦戦している.本稿では,まず近年有効性が示されたがん免疫療法やネオアンチゲンについて概説し,後半は特に日本におけるがんに対する免疫療法の開発状況を期待とともに紹介する.
著者
田戸岡 好香 樋口 収 唐沢 かおり
出版者
公益社団法人 日本心理学会
雑誌
心理学研究 (ISSN:00215236)
巻号頁・発行日
pp.89.16039, (Released:2018-03-10)
参考文献数
26

This study investigated the consequences of suppressing negative thoughts about the food products. Consumers are still concerned about food safety after the Great East Japan Earthquake. Given that attempting to suppress stereotypical thoughts ironically leads to increased stereotype accessibility and use (rebound effect), this may be one of the reasons for continued concern. Participants were asked to describe their impressions about food coming from the disaster area. Half were instructed to suppress any negative impressions in their descriptions, whereas the other half did not receive this instruction. Participants then rated another food product from the same area. The results indicated that among participants with a low perceived vulnerability to disease, the group that was asked to suppress any negative thoughts rated the food more negatively than participants in the control group. However, among participants with a high perceived vulnerability to disease, there was no difference between the two groups because their negative impressions were likely readily accessible. We discuss the necessity of investigating a resolution for reputational damage in terms of suppression.
著者
山口 敬太 繁田 いづみ 川崎 雅史
出版者
Japanese Institute of Landscape Architecture
雑誌
ランドスケープ研究(オンライン論文集) (ISSN:1883261X)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.7, pp.1-8, 2014 (Released:2014-02-26)
参考文献数
79

“Yamanobe-no-michi” is known as one of oldest routes in Japan and a popular hiking route, which is rich in nature and cultural assets. This paper aims to clarify a development process of scenic evaluations and landscape conservation in the area of Yamanobe-no-michi, and to examine current ideas of conserving the landscape. The route Yamanobe-no-michi, which was rediscovered and indicated in 1941 for the first time, had come to stay as a hiking route, and lots of scenic representation had been made in the area along the route. The area has been conserved since 1960s, and the route of Yamanobe-no-michi has been ranked as a symbol and a nucleus. When the area was designated as a Historic Landscape Preservation District, a historical landscape council attached great importance to “mental landscape” composed of images formed by ancient literature. The area was designated as a quasi-national park, and a trail was established as a part of Tokai Nature Trail. This paper showed a rediscovery and indication of the ancient route afforded an opportunity to develop its peculiar area image and to conserve landscapes of its surrounding area. The route has become a substantial ancient route in the end.
著者
羽山 久男
出版者
地理科学学会
雑誌
地理科学 (ISSN:02864886)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.30, pp.13-26, 1978 (Released:2017-04-15)

The purpose of this study is to clarify the process of disposal of feudal clan's forest, the utilization and ownership of them thereafter, and the formation of commual forest in the early period of Meiji era. The followings have been confirmed: (1) Tonogouchi Ohayashi(about 1,600 ha), one of the feudal clan's forest, was established in the upper area of the river Katsuura. Tokushima Prefecture. In the early period of Edo era the villagers of Sezu-mura lived on slash-and-bum cultivation and petty farming on sloping land, and had their commural forest. (2) The slash-and-burn cultivation in Sezu-mura, from Edo era to Meiji era, was very important for dependent peasants as well as independent ones. Comparatively low productivity of slash-and-burn cultivation here was one of the reasons why the clan forest was disposed as a whole to the lumberer (Mr. Nishioka) of Tokushima in the early Meiji era. If the slash-and-burn cultivation here had had high productivity, the clan forest should have almost become the possession of villagers. (3) In Awa clan, all of the feudal clan forest were disposed in 1869 before the abolition of clans and establishment of the prefecture. From 1869 to 1870, private forest which had been permitted to be possessed of private owners by Awa clan in Edo era, and communal forest were disposed by Awa clan. (4) Tonogouchi clan's forest was sold to the lumberer who was politically connected with Awa clan at the beginning of Meiji era. Only ten percent of the forest under discussion was sold to the officers of the nearby villages. Later on, during the middle Meiji era (1887-1893), the higher class of villagers bought the forest back from the lumberer. From 1897 to 1925, they sold it out. At the end of Meiji era (1911), Mr. Hara, a lumber merchant in Tokushima city bought it all. And then, in 1927, it came into possession Nagao lumbering industry. (5) In 1909, in order to develop vast natural forests and charcoal, and communal forest of Sezu-mura, Mr. Hara founded the railway through the Tonogouchi forests, for the first time in Tokushima Prefecture. Stimulated by this railway, the lumberers built more than seven sawmills in these villages, and turned natural forests into planted on in Taisho era. (6) Sezu communal forests (130 ha) which was established in clan's forest in Bunsei era (1818-1829) has remained, through the strong control of the community. Planted sedar trees and trees for charcoal in the communal forest were sold respectively to the lumberers and charcoal makers in the villages. Sedar trees were planted by the villagers and peasants of Ikumi-mura (Sesu-mura, Nogiri-mura, Kubo-mura and Kashihara-mura were united as Ikumi-mura in 1874).
著者
藤井 透
出版者
佛教大学社会学部
雑誌
社会学部論集 = Journal of the Faculty of Sociology (ISSN:09189424)
巻号頁・発行日
no.61, pp.35-55, 2015-09

本稿は,19 世紀後半のイギリスの経済学者であるアーノルド・トインビー(1852-1883)に関する,従来の諸外国の研究をサーベーして,次のようなことを論じた。トインビーに関する研究は,その死から両大戦間期まで,第二次大戦後から1970 年代まで,1980 年代,そして,その後から現代までと,おおまかに四つの時期に分けることができる。そして,本稿は,それぞれの時期を,トインビー「神話」の誕生,「神話」から研究へ,研究の深化と発展,あたらしい「神話」か?と特徴づけた。結論として,トインビーに関するもっとも豊かな研究成果が現れたのが1980 年代で,それを部分的に受け入れて,トインビー個人ではなく,かれの『産業革命』を現代イギリス研究にとって重要なテキストであるとみなしているのが,今日の研究の特徴だとした。アーノルド・トインビー歴史学派経済学産業革命オックスフォード大学
著者
近藤 真
出版者
岐阜大学
雑誌
基盤研究(C)
巻号頁・発行日
2000

2000年度より2002年度までの3年間、科研費補助金をうけ、「ニュージーランド行政革命と国立大学のエージェンシー化の憲法学的研究」を行った。その研究成果の一部として2001年9月に地域科学部の紀要に「国立大学の独立行政法人化?ニュージーランド国立大学のエージェンシー化から考える」を発表した。ニュージーランド国立大学のエージェンシー化の概観を行ったが、同時に資料としてニュージーランドビクトリア大学の政治学教授のスティーブン・レビン教授のニュージーランド国立大学のエージェンシー化に関する二つのきわめて重要な講演を翻訳し、付録として添付した。この研究の結果としてニュージーランドの大学改革が失敗であったことがわかった。なぜならば大学の研究者達がこの改革を全く支持していないからである。というのも、この改革が、研究者に利益の追求を求め、学生には授業料を払うように求めたからである。それはとても困難なことである。NZの大学は利益団体ではなく、学生達は1992年までは大学まで無償だったからである。レビン教授はNZがユネスコの宣言に逆行して学生から授業料を取っていることに危惧を示しており、ユネスコ(現在日本が事務局長を務めている)は、1998年の高等教育世界宣言で各国政府に大学教育の無償化を求めているからである。大学では弁護士でもあるロースクールの教授だけはこの改革を支持していたが、彼らは医学部教授と同じく学内でよりも学外で稼ぎが大きく、教授の肩書きを利用するために大学にも勤めているという側面もあろう。こういう人々を別とすれば大学の研究者はほとんどが研究で稼ぐなどということは不可能である。地震や天文学をふくむ地学、数学、生態学に稼げる道があるだろうか。これらの学間はニュージーランドの大学ではいまや消滅しつつある。この改革は改革ではなく、ニュージーランドの大学の破壊者であった。これがこの研究の傾向的結論であった。今後、さらにニュージーランド国立大学エージェンシー化の改革の意味を多面的に検討したい。新たな課題としては、大学改革がいかなる影響をNZの教育改革全体に及ぼしたのかについて検討が必要である。