著者

上田 薫 Kaoru UEDA

出版者

杉野服飾大学

雑誌

杉野服飾大学・杉野服飾大学短期大学部紀要 (ISSN:13483501)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.5, pp.105-110, 2006

著者

篠田 謙一 佐藤 丈寛 安達 登 角田 恒雄 神澤 秀明

出版者

独立行政法人国立科学博物館

雑誌

新学術領域研究(研究領域提案型)

巻号頁・発行日

2018-06-29

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昨年度行った縄文人のゲノム解析の成果の一部を本年に論文発表した。また同時に、得られたSNPデータからこの人物の形質の特徴を抽出して復顔像を作成し、プレス発表を行った。このニュースは多くのマスコミの取り上げられ、大きな反響があった。北部九州と南西諸島の縄文時代相当期の人骨の持つミトコンドリアDNAの分析を進め,両者が1万年ほど前に分離した集団である可能性があることを明らかにし、沖縄で行われた学会で発表を行った。更に、初年度の分析で縄文人のゲノム解析に関してある程度の成果を得たので,本年は日本人の成立を考える上で重要な,弥生時代人骨を中心にゲノム解析を進めた。縄文人の末裔と考えられている西北九州の弥生人のゲノム解析によって,彼らが既に渡来系集団と混血した集団であることを明らかにし,論文発表した。また,渡来系集団の起源地と考えられる韓国の6千年前の貝塚人骨である加徳島の新石器時代の遺跡から出土人骨のゲノム解析を行い,彼らが現代の韓国人よりも縄文的な要素を多く持っていることを見いだし報告した。更に渡来人の遺伝的な特徴を更に詳しく知るために,弥生相当期に当たる韓国の人骨の分析を進めている。日本国内でも渡来系とされる弥生人集団のゲノム解析を進めた。特に大量の人骨が出土した弥生時代後期の鳥取県青谷上寺地遺跡から出土した人骨について,網羅的な解析を行った。その結果,彼らの遺伝的な特徴は現代日本人の範疇に入るものの,多様性は大きいことが判明した。このほか,全国の大学研究機関や埋蔵文化財センターに所蔵されている縄文~古墳時代人骨を収集し,ミトコンドリアDNAの分析を進めた。更にその中でDNAの保存状態の良い個体については核ゲノムの解析も実施している。

著者

横木 剛

出版者

石油技術協会

雑誌

石油技術協会誌 (ISSN:03709868)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.79, no.4, pp.219-223, 2014 (Released:2016-07-15)

被引用文献数

1

出版者

The Japanese Society of Systematic Zoology

雑誌

Species Diversity (ISSN:13421670)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.28, no.1, pp.59, 2023-04-10 (Released:2023-04-10)

被引用文献数

1

著者

Ken Kanazawa Shogo Suzuki Tatsuro Inaba Shinichiro Koga Koichiro Kuwabara

出版者

The Japanese Society of Internal Medicine

雑誌

Internal Medicine (ISSN:09182918)

巻号頁・発行日

pp.1405-22, (Released:2023-04-07)

参考文献数

14

被引用文献数

1

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Biliary pseudolithiasis is a ceftriaxone (CTRX)-induced complication, but the risk in cases of elderly type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) is unclear. Case 1: A 78-year-old woman with T1DM complicated by diabetic autonomic neuropathy was admitted with pneumonia and treated with CTRX. On day 8, biliary pseudolithiasis and cholecystitis were observed. Case 2: an 80-year-old woman with T1DM was suspected of having a urinary tract infection and treated with CTRX. After a week, she developed asymptomatic biliary pseudolithiasis with gastroparesis. CTRX-associated biliary pseudolithiasis was thus noted in these cases of elderly T1DM. CTRX should be cautiously administered, especially in elderly T1DM patients with diabetic autonomic neuropathy.

著者

梅村 研二

出版者

一般社団法人 日本接着学会

雑誌

日本接着学会誌 (ISSN:09164812)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.39, no.6, pp.217-225, 2003-06-01 (Released:2015-07-31)

参考文献数

135

著者

梅澤 明弘 秦 順一

出版者

国立成育医療センター(研究所)

雑誌

特定領域研究

巻号頁・発行日

2001

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TERT、E6、E7、およびBmiを遺伝子導入することにより寿命を延長したヒト骨髄間葉系幹細胞を用いてin vitroとin vivoにおいて心筋に分化するかどうかを検討する。ヒト骨髄間葉系細胞を限外希釈法でサブクローニングをして得られた細胞に、レトロウィルスを用いてTERT、E6、E7、およびBmiを遺伝子導入した。得られたヒト寿命延長骨髄間葉系幹細胞をGFPで標識し、マウス胎児心筋細胞と共培養することで心筋へ分化させ、さらに免疫組織化学を用いて抗心筋トロポニン抗体で評価した。また、免疫不全マウスの心筋にヒト寿命延長骨髄間葉系幹細胞を注射し、心筋への分化を免疫組織化学により評価した。in vitroでGFP陽性細胞は2日後に筋管細胞様に延長し、7日後には拍動する細胞を認めた。免疫組織化学では抗心筋トロポニン抗体陽性であった。また、in vivoにおいても抗心筋トロポニン抗体と抗β2ミクログロブリン抗体陽性の移植細胞が認められた。以上のことより、寿命延長したヒト骨髄間葉系幹細胞は心筋に分化し得ると結論づけられる。心筋細胞がin vitroで大量に確保できるという状況が現れれば、それらの細胞を用いた細胞移植という方法論で、末期重症心不全の治療に用いることが可能であろう。In vivoにおいて、胎児心筋細胞を用いて心臓への移植の可能性が証明されて以来、遺伝子を導入した細胞、骨格筋細胞、平滑筋細胞、無処置の骨髄細胞などがドナー細胞として用いられてきた。また、胎児性幹細胞を用いた実験も報告されているが、倫理的な問題を含んでいる。

著者

黒田 勇

出版者

関西大学社会学部

雑誌

関西大学社会学部紀要 (ISSN:02876817)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.52, no.1, pp.1-24, 2020-10-31

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本論文は、明治後期に展開された新聞事業としての長距離走大会の3事例を紹介し、スポーツを新聞事業として確立、発展させていく経過と特徴を明らかにするものである。その際、とりわけ大阪毎日新聞が、鉄道会社と連携することで、郊外にスポーツの空間を確保しつつ、観客として読者を動員していき、さらに、オリンピックを含め国際大会への参加への情熱を高めていくが、その事業運営と報道の特徴を明らかにする。

著者

小松 謙之

出版者

麻布大学

巻号頁・発行日

2015

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The so-called “Ogasawara cockroaches”, which hitherto has also been synonymously called “Surinam cockroaches”, are widely distributed throughout the world in the tropical and sub-tropical areas. In Japan, their distribution is limited to Kagoshima in Kyushu and the island chain of Nansei and Ogasawara island chain. In recent years, this cockroach has invaded into urban buildings and abode, resulting in the report of their capture or eradication attempts. The problem of urban buildings invasion by this cockroach has also been seen in other countries. From an epidemiological perspective, Kim and Erko (2008) reportedly detected the potentially zoonotic helminth ascarid and taeniid eggs on the body surface of this species of cockroach in Ethiopia. Furthermore, they also reported the presence of trichurid eggs and Entamoeba coli cyst in the digestive tract of the cockroach. These findings has put the spotlight on the role of the cockroach as a potential mechanical transmitter zoonotic infectious diseases.Regarding the constituent species of the so-called “Ogasawara cockroaches” or “Surinam cockroaches”, it seem that there were two apparently morphologically similar species, namely Pycnoscelus indicus and Pycnoscelus surinamensis, with the former showing bisexual reproduction and the latter, parthenogenesis. For the identification of these two species, Roth (1967) proposed that for the adults, irrespective of the presence or absence of sperms in the spermatheca, those which produce only female offspring should be identified as Pycnoscelus surinamensis, while those that produce both male and female offspring should be relegated as Pycnoscelus indicus. Moreover, he also reported that there were morphological differences between the two aforementioned species, based on the distance between the compound eye and ocelli. In P. indicus, the ocelli and the compound eyes were separated, whereas in P. surinamensis, the two eyes were in contact.The male of P. indicus are relatively more susceptible to dryness than the female, and easily died off under non-optimal environmental condition, leading to reduced chances of mating. However, since P. surinamensis is parthenogenetic and does not need male to reproduce, they can even proliferate under a harsh environmental condition if a single female is able to invade and survive under that condition.Asahina (1991) reported that both male and female individuals could always be found among the “Ogasawara cockroaches”, without noting that the female were parthenogenetic. This led him to suspect that the Japanese “Ogasawara cockroaches” might include P. indicus. However, he proposed that until the detailed breeding experiments had been carried out, the “Ogasawara cockroaches” should all be tentatively be identified as P. surinamensis. Thus, despite that the Ogasawara cockroaches has been recognized as a pest, their species identification and distribution has not been clearly elucidated.To clarify the species involved, first of all, we need to establish a criteria be able to identify the sex of the cockroach at the larval stage before they mature into set out to establish a method to differentiate the sex of male and female cockroach from the larval stage to the adult stage. Sexual differentiation of the cockroach nymph for all the instar stages of Blatta orientalis, Supella longipalpa and Periplaneta fuliginosa has been established, based on the morphological observation of the abdominal segments of the in star.In our study, cockroaches were collected in Ishigaki island, Taketomi-cho, district, Okinawa prefecture, Japan. They were then reared and passaged for several generations in the laboratory. Only those groups that produced offspring, which matured into male and female adults were used in the following experiment. The instar that hatched from the eggs were immediately isolated and separated according to their morphoplogical characteristic of ventral segments. Changes on the ventral segment were also noted for each instar stages and ultimately, the sex of the mature adult for each group was determined. Using the aforementioned method, the female of the 1st to 6th stage instar nymph were found to possess a V-shaped notch at the middle of the posterior edge of the 9th sternite. This notch was not seen in the male nymph. In the female 7th stage (final stage) instar nymph, the styli were not apparent and, the 8th and 9th sternites became degenerated and were covered over by the profoundly developed 7th sternite. In contrast, all stages of the male nymph until the 7th stage nymph showed the presence of the 8th and 9th sternitesas well as styli. Based on these observations, our study has demonstrated that it is possible to differentiate the sex of the Indian cockroach, P. indicus, at different developmental stages.Next, to identify the various specimens as to which stage the nymph instar belong to, we counted the number of cercal segments from the dorsal and ventral view. It was observed that the number of cercal segments from the dorsal view in 2nd and 3rd stage nymph were the same, that is 4 and thus could not be used to identify the nymph stage. However, when viewed ventrally, it was observed that the number of cercal segments on the1st stage nymph was 3; 2nd stage, 4; and in the subsequent stages, an increase of one extra segment for each stage. The number of cercal segments of all the stages of the female, right up to the 7th stage nymph, when viewed ventrally were the same as that of the male nymph. Therefore, the developmental stage of the nymph could be identified by examining the number of segments from the ventral view.Based on the above results, we set out to confirm species and distribution of Surinam cockroaches inhabiting Japan. We collected cockroaches from Ogasawara island chain (Iwoto, Hahajima, Chichijima, Nishijima, Nakodojima), Amami island chain (Tokunoshioma, Amamiooshima), Okinawa island chain (Okinawato, Miyakojima, Ishigakijima) and Hawaii, kept the female in solitary rearing for use in later mating experiments. Cross breeding experiments that were carried out showed that there were those cockroaches from Iwoto, Tokunoshima, and Okinawato that produced only female offspring, and also that produced both male and female offspring. The former group was designated A group and the latter, B group. Both groups comprises of 14 isolates from 11 areas. The cockroaches from both groups were then used for subsequent cross breeding experiments. For the cross breeding experiments, those specimens that produced only female offspring were mated with those male from Hawaii that had produced both male and female offspring and had been identified a P. indicus as previously reported by Roth (1967). From the results of our study, the area that contain the two different characteristic types of the cockroaches were Iwoto, Tokunoshima and Okinawato, whereas an individuals of Iwoto- A group, which produced a total of 478 female and no male offspring, despite having sperms in their spematheca, can be identified as P. surinamensis. On the contrary, while those of Iwoto-B group with all having sperms in their spermatheca, produced a total of 168 male and 157 female offspring in an average ratio of 10.8 to 10.5 (p>0.05) with no significant difference in the sexual ratio, can identified as P. indicus. Cockroaches of Tokunoshima-A group that produced a total of 221 female and no male offspring, despite having sperms in their spematheca, can be identified as P. surinamensis, while those of Tokunoshima-B group with all having sperms in their spermatheca produced a total of 242 male and 207 female offspring in an average ratio of 12.1 to10.4 (p>0.05) with no significant difference in the sexual ratio, can thus be identified as P. indicus.On the same note, female cockroaches of Okinawato-A group that produced a total of 724 female and no male offspring, despite having sperms in their spematheca, can be identified as P. surinamensis, while those of Okinawato-B group with all having sperms in their spermatheca produced a total of 322male and 312 female offspring in an average sexual ratio of 16.1 to 15.6 (p>0.05) with no significant difference in the sexual ratio, can be identified as P. indicus.Thus, both species of P. surinamensis and P. indicus were found to be distributedon the three islands of Iwoto, Tokunishima and Okinawa, with their habitat overlapping with each other.The group of five F1 female cockroaches from Hahajima, Chichijima, Nishijima and Nakodojima, produced a total of only 248, 59, 663 and 143 female offspring, respectively and no male offspring, despite having sperms in their spematheca. These cockroaches were identified as P. surinamensis. Thus, there is a possibility that only P. surinamensis and not P. indicus are distributed on these four islands.The group of five F1 female cockroaches from Amamiooshima, Miyakojima, Ishigakijima and Hawaii, produced a total of 260 male (M) and 260 female (F) offspring with an average ratio of M:F at 14.4:14.4 (p>0.05) per litter, 230M, 267F, av. 16.4:19.1 (p>0.05) per litter, 281M, 266F, av. 16.5:15.6 (p>0.05) per litter and 199M, 189F, av. 11.7:11.1 (p>0.05) per litter, respectively. Thisprobably indicates that only P. indicus and not P. surinamensis were inhabiting the four islands.From the above results, we can conclude that there are areas in Japan where the distribution of P. surinamensis and P.indicus overlap with each other, and there are also areas in which either only one or the other could be found.Futhermore, all the various specimen from our study were examined for morphologic differences between the 2 species. Roth (1967) stated that P. surinamensis could be morphologically distinguished from P. indicus based on the distance between the ocelli and compound eye, in which the former species show contact between the ocelli and the compound eye, while in the latter species, they are separated. However, in our experiments, we could not find any female adult cockroach of P. surinamensis, whose ocelli were in contact with the compound eye, that is, for the groups that do not produce any male offspring, the distance between ocelli and compound eye in the adult female from the various localities are as follows: Hahajima, 0.16 mm > Chichijima, 0.14 mm > Nakodojima, 0.13 mm > Nishijima, Tokunoshima-A & Okinawato-A, 0.12 mm > Iwoto-A, 0.10 mm, respectively, with an average distance of 0.13 mm. For the groups that produce both male and female offspring, identified as P. indicus, the distance between ocelli and compound eye in the adult female from the various localities are as follows: Hawaii, 0.21mm > Iwoto-B, 0.18 mm > Miyakojima, 0.16 mm > Amamiooshima & Okinawato-B, 0.13 mm > Tokunoshima-B & Ishigakijima, 0.12 mm, respectively, with an average distance of 0.15 mm.There was no significant difference in the distance between the ocelli and compound eye between the two species. Thus, this morphological criterion is not applicable for species identification.The length of tegmina has been used as a criterion for species identification in many insects. Thus, we proceed to measure the length of the tegmina of the adult female cockroaches in our study. For the groups that do not produce any male offspring, identified as P. surinamensis, the average tegmina length of the adult female from the various localities are as follows: Okinawato-A, 15.82 mm > Hahajima, 15.26 mm > Nishijima, 15.07 mm > Nakodojima, 14.16 mm > Chichijima, 13.81 mm > Tokunoshima-A, 13.57 mm > Iwoto-A, 12.87 mm, respectively. For the groups that produce both male and female offspring, identified as P. indicus, the average tegmina length of the adult female from the various localities are as follows: Okinawato-B, 14.72 mm > Hawaii, 14.64 mm > Iwoto-B, 14.35 mm > Ishigakijima, 13.81 mm > Tokunoshima-B, 13.54 mm> Amamiooshima, 13.53 mm > Miyakojima, 12.96 mm, respectively. It was observed that there was not much difference in the tegmina length among the specimens from different localities and also between the two species, thereby excluding the used of this criterion for species identification.Moreover, to differentiate the species without using the cross breeding experiment, we tried the method of solitary rearing of the unmated female adult cockroaches obtained from our previous experiments. Our results showed that all individuals identified as P. surinamensis produced offspring, and based on our previous sexual differentiation method of the nymph, all the offspring nymph were found to be female. On the contrary, individuals identified as P. indicus did not produce any offspring. From this observation, we can identify the species of the adult female cockroach collected from the wild by solitary rearing and examining the sex of the offspring produced. Thus, those female adult that produce only female offspring can be identified as P. surinamensis and that that produce both male and female offspring or those that did not produce any offspring can be identified as P. indicus.Based on the results of the above studies, the so-called “Ogasawara cockroaches” which has until now been thought to consist of only P. surinamensis, actually also comprises of P. indicus, which are also distributed in the same area. From our study, we have also added one more species of cockroach that inhabit Japan, that is to 58 species. Until recently, P. indicus and P. surinamensis were thought to be distributed in different areas but our study shows that there are areas in which both species co-habitat together and there are also areas in which either only one of the two species can be found. This finding has deep implication for future studies. In addition, we also found that the criterion of using the distance between the ocelli and the compound eye for species identification, as proposed by Roth (1967), is applicable nor reliable. We propose an alternative method in the form of solitary rearing of wild female adult and determining the sex of the offspring for species identification. Those that produce only female offspring be identified as P. surinamensis, while those that produce both male and female offspring, as well as that that failed to produce, should be regarded as P. indicus. Since the report by Asahina (1991) that species identification of “Ogasawara cockroaches”, needs further clarification, the results of our present study has provided the answer to his question through our morphological observation, cross breeding and solitary rearing experiments of those cockroaches.

著者

熊谷 智博

出版者

日本感情心理学会

雑誌

エモーション・スタディーズ (ISSN:21897425)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.4, no.Si, pp.33-38, 2019-02-28 (Released:2019-03-11)

参考文献数

20

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In this paper, I examined hate speech as aggressive behavior from the perspective of social diagnosis and treatment. As the “symptom,” I examined whether hate speech is aggression, what kind of psychological and social damage it causes, and what characters it has as vicarious aggression. Next, as the “cause,” I examined psychological process of retaliation and its psychological reward. Finally, as the “treatment,” I argued the need for social regulation of emotion, establishment of the law for hate speech, and I examined the expected effect on weakening hate speech and restoration of social order from a social psychology perspective.

著者

高山 守 中山 慎一郎

出版者

日本シェリング協会

雑誌

シェリング年報 (ISSN:09194622)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.29, pp.2, 2021 (Released:2021-10-02)

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People who are deaf and have sign language as their native language at their command move their body, especially their hands, in order to visualize their thoughts in images and thereby convey them to others. Their language essentially consists in visualization through movements. It could therefore be considered a sort of pictorial language. But ‘pictorial’ in this case, ought to be understood in a radical sense. For the deaf people fundamentally think in pictorial entities, that is, they originally form their thoughts on the basis of visual impressions of the world. Here is the possibility that their thoughts are genuinely corresponding to the world that they perceive visually. It is therefore important to understand precisely how the people who have a good command of the pictorial language recognize the world and think about it. Such an understanding could contribute to the epistemological and ontological research on the correspondence of intuition and thought.

著者

三枝博音鳥井博郎共著

出版者

毎日新聞社

巻号頁・発行日

1954

著者

飯塚 理恵

出版者

関西大学

雑誌

特別研究員奨励費

巻号頁・発行日

2020-04-24

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知識の獲得に関わる善い性格を認識的な徳、知識の獲得を妨げてしまうような悪い性格を認識的な悪徳と呼ぶ。そのような知識をめぐる規範的な問いに取り組むのが徳認識論である。本研究は認識的な徳と悪徳をより明らかなものにし、いかに悪徳を回避できるのかを描くことを目指している。まず、悪徳の回避のために、社会を整備することの重要性を検討する。次に、徳認識論者はオープンマインドの徳(他人の意見を真剣に考慮すること)を推奨しているが、一方でわたしたちが親しい人々にのみ共感能力を発揮する傾向を持つという問題に取り組む。最後に、西洋社会の文脈でのみ行われてきた認識的謙遜の徳について日本の文脈における独自性を検討する。

著者

与謝野寛 (鉄幹) 著

出版者

博文館

巻号頁・発行日

1910

著者

上野 加代子

出版者

日本社会学会

雑誌

社会学評論 (ISSN:00215414)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.68, no.1, pp.70-86, 2017 (Released:2018-06-30)

参考文献数

71

被引用文献数

2

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福祉の領域における社会構築主義の研究は多様であるが, この領域に特有の姿勢を見て取ることができる. それは, 自分たちがクライエントを抑圧してきたという「自身の加害性の認識」と, 「研究結果の実践への反映」である. 本稿では, 福祉の領域に特有のこれらの姿勢に着目し, それに関連する文献を中心にレビューする. 具体的に, ひとつはソーシャルワーカーとクライエントを拘束しているドミナント・ストーリーをクライエントと共同で脱構築しようとするナラティヴ・アプローチの研究の流れである. 本稿で取り上げるもうひとつの構築主義的研究の流れは, ソーシャルワークが専門職として確立, 再確立される過程で, 「トラブルをもつ個人」がどのように創りあげられてきたのかを, 外在的に分析するものである. なお, 「自身の加害性の認識」という点は, 英語圏の文献には顕著であるが, 日本語の文献では弱い. そこで, 英語圏の文献をレビューした後, 日本における構築主義研究ではどうして「自身の加害性の認識」という観点が乏しいのかについて考察する. そして最後には, 近年の英語圏の文献では自身の加害性のみならず, 「被害者性」についても議論されていることを踏まえ, 自分自身の知識や実践に対する構築主義研究が, 「自分は加害者たることを強制された被害者だ」という自己弁護に陥る危険をはらみつつも, 社会制度変革へのコミットにつながることに触れておきたい.

著者

竹内 義博

出版者

一般社団法人 日本小児神経学会

雑誌

脳と発達 (ISSN:00290831)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.40, no.6, pp.451-455, 2008-11-01 (Released:2011-12-12)

参考文献数

20

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神経伝達の視点から注意欠陥/多動性障害 (attention deficit hyperactivity disorder; AD/HD) の病態をみると, 前頭葉-尾状核・被殻・淡蒼球におけるドパミン神経系の機能異常が主体で, これにノルアドレナリン神経系, セロトニン神経系の異常が関与していると考えられる.一方, 自閉症スペクトラム障害 (autism spectrum disorders;ASD) では, セロトニン神経系の異常が基盤にあり, 細胞異動の障害, 抑制性神経伝達と興奮性神経伝達の不均衡, シナプスの形成・刈り取りの異常が関与していると考えられる.ASDに対する今後の研究は, セロトニン, グルタミン酸の神経伝達の異常と, reelin, neureXin, neuroliginなどを中心に展開して行くであろう.

著者

原田 そら 石畠 正和

雑誌

2023年度 人工知能学会全国大会(第37回)

巻号頁・発行日

2023-04-06

著者

根岸 貴哉

出版者

立命館大学大学院先端総合学術研究科

雑誌

Core Ethics : コア・エシックス = Core Ethics : コア・エシックス (ISSN:18800467)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.13, pp.173-183, 2017

出版者

沖縄タイムス社

巻号頁・発行日

vol.1968年度, 1968

出版者

沖縄タイムス社

巻号頁・発行日

vol.1967年度, 1966